Dominus Jhesus novum genus militie constituit et elegit: “the Lord Jesus has set up and chosen a new sort of knighthood”. The military orders’ relations with women from the twelfth to the sixteenth century ‒ a survey

The normative texts of the Military Religious Orders generally sought to limit or even prevent all interaction between the professed Brothers and women, and the primitive rule of the Order of the Temple indicated that women should no longer be admitted to the Order. The reason for this restriction was to prevent the Brothers being distracted from their spiritual vocation through the physical presence of women. In practice, however, the evidence of charters, estate inventories, and narrative accounts reveal that all the Military Religious Orders admitted women in some capacity – as sorores, donatae, consorores and corrodians – and interacted with women on a daily basis. Fully professed sisters of the Military Orders followed a lifestyle like that of nuns, focused on prayer rather than action. However, lay women appear in the primary sources as patrons, tenants, and employees of the Military Orders and even occasionally took up arms to support their military activities. The Military Orders also patronised female saints, both saints in heaven (such as the Blessed Virgin Mary) and holy women on Earth (such as Dorothea of Montau). This article sets out to survey the various ways in which the Military Orders interacted with women and involved them in their work.The normative texts of the Military Religious Orders generally sought to limit or even prevent all interaction between the professed Brothers and women, and the primitive rule of the Order of the Temple indicated that women should no longer be admitted to the Order. The reason for this restriction was to prevent the Brothers being distracted from their spiritual vocation through the physical presence of women. In practice, however, the evidence of charters, estate inventories, and narrative accounts reveal that all the Military Religious Orders admitted women in some capacity – as sorores, donatae, consorores and corrodians – and interacted with women on a daily basis. Fully professed sisters of the Military Orders followed a lifestyle like that of nuns, focused on prayer rather than action. However, lay women appear in the primary sources as patrons, tenants, and employees of the Military Orders and even occasionally took up arms to support their military activities. The Military Orders also patronised female saints, both saints in heaven (such as the Blessed Virgin Mary) and holy women on Earth (such as Dorothea of Montau). This article sets out to survey the various ways in which the Military Orders interacted with women and involved them in their work

Why medical students choose not to carry out an intercalated BSc : a questionnaire study.

Peer reviewedPublisher PD

The early presentation and management of rheumatoid arthritis cases in primary care

Recent NICE guidance has emphasised the importance of early recognition and referral of patients with inflammatory arthritis so that disease modifying treatment can be promptly initiated. The timely identification of such patients, given the large numbers consulting with musculoskeletal complaints, is a considerable challenge and descriptive data from primary care are sparse. Our objective was to examine GP records from three years before to 14 days after the first coded diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis in order to describe the early course and management of the diseas

Secondary use of data recorded in primary care: insights from human computer interaction field studies

Introduction: Electronic health records from primary care, are now aggregated in a number of large datasets from primary care settings, containing both coded data and free-text. Secondary users can easily undertake analyses using coded data. However although the balance of information between these codes and free text is variable, they rarely use the information contained in doctors’ free-text notes - because of their ‘messy’ nature and the costs of ensuring anonymity. Our epidemiological studies within the Patient Records Enhancement Project has demonstrated that free text contains important information, that is often ignored. Method: Human computer interaction (HCI) studies, using qualitative approaches, can help us understand the reasons for variability in the balance of coded and free text data. We undertook field studies in six GP surgeries which included observations of record use across the surgery, video analysis of real patient consultations and interviews with a range of surgery staff. We also undertook ‘simulated’ consultations, with two medical actors playing the part of the patient, allowing us to standarise the patient across doctors and software systems. Results: Preliminary results suggest several reasons for variation in data recording. Doctors create notes in order to best manage patients with little consideration for use by others, and reported limited awareness of secondary uses of the information. Doctors often record and “read” a picture painted by the overall record of a consultation or record symptoms and signs in free text notes, and choose not to code a definite diagnosis. If coding, they often choose a more general non specific code, even when they have inferred and acted on a clear diagnosis. These approaches reflect processes of progressing from differential to definite diagnosis, and the surgery’s administrative and consultation processes. Conclusion: Our findings may explain apparent delays in diagnosis often observed in epidemiological analyses. The picture portrayed within records may not be at all clear to researchers relying on coded data. Our results have implications for secondary users of data and assessment of data for quality of care. Follow on work might result in typologies of diseases liable to coded data deficits and support software development

The Taxonomic Value of Style Color in the Genus Antennaria

In the genus Antennaria, commonly known as Indian Tobacco, the color of the style arms (usually red or white) is used as a distinctive character in the descriptions of many species, and is emphasized in at least one key. My study of the genus as it occurs in Iowa convinces me that this character is too variable to have any diagnostic value

Labours of social inclusion: amateur, professional, community theatres

This article is offered as a provocation into debates about how cultural hierarchies between amateur, professional and community theatres continue to resonate in contemporary British theatre. Building on research with amateur and community companies, this article presents a case for wider cultural recognition of the work of people in different sectors. It argues for greater reflexivity about the ways in which judgements of taste are played out, and asks who or what is legitimated, included and excluded in today’s theatre. It asks how far there remains a link between distinctions of taste and divisions of labour, and what this might mean for theatre workers in the future

Criatividade na agenda: educação para a globalização?

Neste artigo será considerada a idealização da criatividade individual e questionadas as qualidades pessoais procuradas pelos responsáveis pelas políticas públicas. Designers? Consumidor Modelo? Ou cidadão ativo e participante? Que tipo de sociedade isto implica? Tradução de Beatriz Cabral, professora da Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina

‘Dominus Jhesus novum genus militie constituit et elegit: “the Lord Jesus has set up and chosen a new sort of knighthood”. The military orders’ relations with women from the twelfth to the sixteenth century – a survey’

The normative texts of the Military Religious Orders generally sought to limit or even prevent all interaction between the professed Brothers and women, and the primitive rule of the Order of the Temple indicated that women should no longer be admitted to the Order. The reason for this restriction was to prevent the Brothers being distracted from their spiritual vocation through the physical presence of women. In practice, however, the evidence of charters, estate inventories, and narrative accounts reveal that all the Military Religious Orders admitted women in some capacity – as sorores, donatae, consorores and corrodians – and interacted with women on a daily basis. Fully professed sisters of the Military Orders followed a lifestyle like that of nuns, focused on prayer rather than action. However, lay women appear in the primary sources as patrons, tenants, and employees of the Military Orders and even occasionally took up arms to support their military activities. The Military Orders also patronised female saints, both saints in heaven (such as the Blessed Virgin Mary) and holy women on Earth (such as Dorothea of Montau). This article sets out to survey the various ways in which the Military Orders interacted with women and involved them in their work. This article is available open-access online at: https://apcz.umk.pl/OM/issue/view/248

Memory and the military orders: an overview

Memory forms a central part of institutional identity, underpinning what the members of an institution believe their function to be. It is not static, but is continually re-created to meet new challenges. In the context of the military-religious orders, predominant memory was not individual or based on a person’s own experiences but a collective record constructed by the group. What was included and what was excluded from these memories dictated which vision of the past would shape the future. This article explores the military religious orders’ institutional memory through memorialisation within the military-religious orders’ chapels, their historical writing, their liturgy, and the cult of saints developed by these orders, arguing that military-religious orders used memory to shape their understanding of their orders’ function, direct that function in the present and point towards future development: memory must serve the future as much as it reflected the past