Effects of corn processing, ethanol and sugar beet byproducts, and dietary sulfur on feedlot health and finishing performance

Four finishing studies were conducted to optimize the use of ethanol and sugar beet byproducts in finishing diets containing dry rolled corn (DRC), steam flaked corn (SFC), or a combination of both. Data are limited for feeding combinations of corn processed by different methods (DRC and SFC) fed with wet distillers grains with solubles (WDGS). Also, limited data are available for feeding different levels of beet pulp in corn based adaptation and finishing diets. Lastly, the relationship between dietary fiber and sulfur (rumen degradable; RDS and rumen undegradable) and their impact on feedlot health is not well understood. Therefore, our objectives were to 1) determine the effects of feeding different ratios of DRC and SFC in diets that contain 35% (DM) WDGS on finishing performance and carcass characteristics 2) evaluate the effects of feeding different levels of beet pulp in combination with DRC or SFC, 3) compare grain adaption programs using beet pulp to a traditional grain adaption program with alfalfa hay on finishing performance and carcass merit and 4) determine the relationship between dietary S (rumen degradable and rumen undegradable), neutral detergent fiber and polioencephalomalacia (PEM). A WDGS x corn processing ratio interaction (P = 0.03) was observed for G:F. Cattle fed diets containing no WDGS with SFC as the sole source of corn had 11% greater G:F (0.189, P \u3c 0.01) compared to steers fed all DRC diets with no WDGS (0.170). As SFC replaced DRC in diets containing no WDGS, G:F increased quadratically (P \u3c 0.01). A positive associative effect in G:F was observed as SFC replaced DRC in diets with 0% WDGS; however G:F was not impacted by corn processing in diets containing 35% WDGS. Final BW, DMI, and ADG decreased linearly (P \u3c 0.01) with increasing levels of beet pulp in both DRC and SFC diets, however, G:F was not different (P = 0.49) among levels of beet pulp in the finishing diet. Gain and G:F were not different (P \u3e 0.19) among different grain adaptation methods in a separate study where beet pulp was used to adapt steers to the finishing diet. An interaction between concentration of dietary sulfur and forage NDF (P = 0.07) affected the incidence of PEM cases. As level of RDS increased in the diet, the incidence of PEM increased. Unlike total dietary sulfur, there was no interaction between RDS and forage NDF ( P \u3e 0.10). These data indicate that RDS may be a better measure of PEM risk than dietary sulfur because it only includes the rumen degradable forms of sulfur which pose a greater risk of inducing PEM

Effect of Pelleted Feed Products and Bambermycins on Performance When Fed to Cattle Grazing Residue

Steer calves grazing non- irrigated corn residue were supplemented with a corn residue and by- product pellet at 0.3, 0.7, or 1.1% of BW. Th e, pellet was formulated to deliver either 0 or 10 mg/steer daily of bambermycins (Gainpro). Th ere was no interaction between bambermycins inclusion and level of supplementation. Likewise, there was no effect of bambermycins on ending BW or ADG. As level of supplement increased, both ending BW and ADG increased linearly

Effect of Source and Level of Sulfur on Rumen Metabolism and Finishing Performance

Five ruminally fistulated steers fitted with rumen gas extraction cannula plugs were utilized to quantify ruminal pH and hydrogen sulfide (H2S) levels produced at different times post feeding. Diets consisted of 1) 28.5% WDGS, 37.5% Sweet Bran®, 4% corn bran, 0% alfalfa hay; 2) 28.5% WDGS, 37.5% Sweet Bran, 7.5% alfalfa, 4% corn bran; 3) 44% WDGS, 44% Sweet Bran, 7.5% alfalfa; 4) 50% WDGS, 37.5% DRC, 7.5% alfalfa; and 5) 87.5% Sweet Bran, 7.5% Aafalfa. Dry matter intake was different (P = 0.05) across treatments. Steers fed diets containing 44% WDGS and 44% Sweet Bran had greater (P \u3c 0.01) levels of H2S compared to other diets; however, cattle fed 87.5% Sweet Bran produced less (P \u3c 0.05) H2S compared to the other four dietary treatments

Evaluation of a New Single Implant Strategy vs. Two Common Implant Strategies in Beef Finishing Steers

A finishing trial was conducted to compare the response to three implant strategies on performance and carcasscharacteristics of feedlot steers: 1) ComponentTE-IS with Tylan followed with Component TE-S with Tylan (TE-IS/S); 2) Component TE-200 with Tylan (TE-200); or 3) Revalor XS (Rev-XS) single implant. Final BW, DMI and ADG were unaffected (P \u3e 0.05) by implant strategy. Steers on the TE-IS/ S treatment had a lower (P \u3c 0.01) feed:gain ratio (F:G) compared to those on the Rev-XS and TE-200 treatments. F:G calculated on a live basis was improved (P \u3c 0.05) for reimplantedcattle compared to those on the TE-200 treatment; F:G for the Rev-XSwas intermediate. No differences (P \u3e 0.05) were observed for HCW, 12th rib fat, percentage USDA Choice and calculated USDA yield grade among treatments. Cattle implanted with Rev-XS had greater (P \u3c 0.05) marbling scores than those implanted with TE-IS/S. Carcasses from TE-IS/S implanted steers presented larger (P = 0.03) longissimus muscle areas than both the TE-200 and Rev-XS treatment groups. These results suggest that F:G was improved with reimplanting

Ensheathing cells utilize dynamic tiling of neuronal somas in development and injury as early as neuronal differentiation

Abstract Background Glial cell ensheathment of specific components of neuronal circuits is essential for nervous system function. Although ensheathment of axonal segments of differentiated neurons has been investigated, ensheathment of neuronal cell somas, especially during early development when neurons are extending processes and progenitor populations are expanding, is still largely unknown. Methods To address this, we used time-lapse imaging in zebrafish during the initial formation of the dorsal root ganglia (DRG). Results Our results show that DRG neurons are ensheathed throughout their entire lifespan by a progenitor population. These ensheathing cells dynamically remodel during development to ensure axons can extend away from the neuronal cell soma into the CNS and out to the skin. As a population, ensheathing cells tile each DRG neuron to ensure neurons are tightly encased. In development and in experimental cell ablation paradigms, the oval shape of DRG neurons dynamically changes during partial unensheathment. During longer extended unensheathment neuronal soma shifting is observed. We further show the intimate relationship of these ensheathing cells with the neurons leads to immediate and choreographed responses to distal axonal damage to the neuron. Conclusion We propose that the ensheathing cells dynamically contribute to the shape and position of neurons in the DRG by their remodeling activity during development and are primed to dynamically respond to injury of the neuron

Effect of Corn Processing on Feedlot Steers Fed Sugarbeet Pulp

Impact of feeding three levels of beet pulp (0, 10, 20%, DM basis) with either dry-rolled corn (DRC) or steamflaked corn (SFC) in feedlot rations was evaluated. Final BW, DMI, and ADG decreased linearly as beet pulp replaced corn in the diet. Beet pulp linearly decreased HCW, 12th rib fat, and yield grade. Corn processing had no impact on carcass characteristics. Feeding SFC improved F:G, compared to feeding DRC. The inclusion of beet pulp in the diet did not impact F:G, however, because of the decrease of both DMI and ADG

Effects of Lactobacillus Acidophilus and Yucca Schidigera on Finishing Performance and Carcass Traits of Feedlot Cattle

A finishing trial evaluated effects of feeding a direct-fed microbial product(Nova-Cell®) and a saponin feed additive (Ruma Just®) as a 2x2 factorial in steam-flaked corn-based diets containing 11% wet distillers grains (DM basis). No interaction was observed between Nova-Cell and Ruma Just (P \u3e 0.13). Feeding either Ruma Just or Nova-Cell had no impact (P = 0.20) on final BW, DMI, ADG, or F:G. Neither Nova-Cell or Ruma Just affected (P = 0.10) HCW, 12th rib fat, or LM Area. Marbling appeared to be improved (P = 0.03) when Ruma Just was added to the finishing diet