The experience, secondary stressors, and coping strategies of UK social care workers during Covid-19: an exploratory study providing a diagram of the interactions between stressors, destressors, and coping strategies

Previous literature focuses on HSCWs (health and social care workers) in conjoined health and social care settings because both populations have different but overlapping roles. This study sought to evidence the exclusive experiences of social care workers (SCWS) during Covid-19. Thematic analysis exploring the experience, secondary stressors, and coping strategies of SCWs during Covid-19 were informed by 8 semi-structured interviews, from a Critical Realist epistemology. Participants were female (23-70years). Participant experiences conceptualised into 4 themes: The Integration & Protection of Service Users; Assailed on All Fronts; Collision & Collusion; The Tools & Tactics of the Perseverant. The themes represent participants’ care for their clients; feeling unprotected and threatened from all sides; conflicts between social roles and the discordance between policy and action; and changes in action and thought to promote endurance and wellbeing, respectively. Secondary stressors existed across domains and social roles, characterised by fear, lacking physical and social resources, and uncertainty. Conflicts existed primarily within the individual, between personal and professional ethics, and social roles and domains. Participants’ coping strategies were inductively analysed and compared against current coping literature. Emotion-focused coping strategies significantly dominated participant approaches to Covid-19, potentially signalling participants’ attempts, or failure, to cope. This finding may be a pre-Covid artifact.This study contributes a diagram suggesting the relationships between the individual, and their stressors, coping strategies and de-stressors; and includes a qualitative differentiation and description of stress modifiers

A case study of cumulus formation beneath a stratocumulus sheet: Its structure and effect on boundary layer budgets

On several occasions during the FIRE Marine Stratocumulus IFO off the California coast, small cumulus were observed to form during the morning beneath the main stratocumulus (Sc) deck. This occurs in the type of situation described by Turton and Nicholls (1987) in which there is insufficient generation of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) from the cloudtop or the surface to sustain mixing throughout the layer, and a separation of the surface and cloud layers occurs. The build up of humidity in the surface layer allows cumuli to form, and the more energetic of these may penetrate back into the Sc deck, reconnecting the layers. The results presented were collected by the UKMO C-130 aircraft flying in a region where these small cumulus had grown to the extent that they had penetrated into the main Sc deck above. The structure of these penetrative cumulus are examined and their implications on the layer flux and radiation budget discussed

Folk Media: Indigenous Learning Systems and Instructional Methodology

Article

A study of two phase detonation as it relates to rocket motor combustion instability

Two-phase detonation in rocket motor combustion instability - production of monodisperse spray

Sea breeze: Induced mesoscale systems and severe weather

Sea-breeze-deep convective interactions over the Florida peninsula were investigated using a cloud/mesoscale numerical model. The objective was to gain a better understanding of sea-breeze and deep convective interactions over the Florida peninsula using a high resolution convectively explicit model and to use these results to evaluate convective parameterization schemes. A 3-D numerical investigation of Florida convection was completed. The Kuo and Fritsch-Chappell parameterization schemes are summarized and evaluated