A characterisation of the properties of environmentally-friendly composite materials

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Tensile Properties of Pandanus Atrocarpus based Composites

Pandanus atrocarpus, or locally known as mengkuang plant is likely to be potential natural fibre reinforcement in composite. Both the Pandanus leaves, and fibres extracted from the Pandanus leaves were used in composite fabrication. Fibres were extracted from Pandanus leaves with water retting process. Pandanus composites were laminated using compression moulding method. The tensile properties of composite laminates based on lamination of Pandanus leaf- and extracted Pandanus fibre-reinforced polyethylene were investigated. Tensile tests have shown that composite laminates based on extracted Pandanus fibre reinforced polyethylene were more superior than using the Pandanus leaf itself without extracting its fibre. Tests exhibited that increasing the volume fraction of Pandanus fibre resulted in strength increase. This suggests that Pandanus fibre- based composites could offer a range of mechanical properties for use in the engineering industry

Characterisation of alkaline treatment and fiber content on the physical, thermal and mechanical properties of ground coffee waste/oxo-biodegradable HDPE Biocomposites

Effect of alkali treatment on ground coffee waste/oxo-biodegradable HDPE (GCW/oxoHDPE) composites was evaluated using 5%, 10%, 15% and 20% volume fraction of GCW. The composites were characterize using structurally (fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM)), thermally (thermogravimetry analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)), mechanically (tensile and impact test), and water absorption. FTIR spectrum indicated the eradication of lipids, hemicellulose, lignin and impurities after the treatments the lead to an improvement of the filler/matrix interface adhesion. This is confirmed by SEM results. Degree of crystallinity index was increased by 5% after the treatment. Thermal stability for both untreated and treated GCW composites were alike. Optimum tensile result achieved when using 10% volume fraction with enhancement of 25% for tensile strength and 24% for tensile modulus compared to untreated. Specific tensile strength and modulus had improved as the composite has lower density. The highest impact properties was achieved when using 15% volume fraction that lead to an improvement of 6%. Treated GCW composited show a better water resistance with 57% improvement compared to untreated. This light weight and ecofriendly biocomposite has the potential in packaging, internal automotive parts, lightweight furniture and other composite engineering applications

Tensile Properties of Luffa Acutangula Reinforced Polymer Composite

In recent years, there has been a growing trend in the popularity of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRPC). Numerous researchers have put forward various alternatives to synthetic fibers. Luffa is one of the many natural fibers can be integrated into NFRPCs. Luffa with its unique interconnecting branch (mat/mesh) is suitable for NFRPCs. In this study, luffa reinforced high-density polyethylene (Luffa/HDPE) composite was fabricated using compression molding machine. In the preparation of the fiber, Luffa were cylindrically cut-out and opened into sheets form. The fiber was then laminated with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) film using compression molding method. The proposed fabricated composite consisting of a fiber volume fraction (FVF) of 7%, 14%, 21%, 27% and 30%. Tensile properties of the Luffa/HDPE composite were determined. SEM was used to study the interlamination and delamination of the composite. Tensile test shows that the increase of FVF enhanced the tensile strength of Luffa/HDPE composite. Tensile strength has gradually increased from 7 % to 21 % FVF. Though, tensile strength declines after 21% FVF

Tensile Properties of Luffa Acutangula Reinforced Polymer Composite

In recent years, there has been a growing trend in the popularity of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRPC). Numerous researchers have put forward various alternatives to synthetic fibers. Luffa is one of the many natural fibers can be integrated into NFRPCs. Luffa with its unique interconnecting branch (mat/mesh) is suitable for NFRPCs. In this study, luffa reinforced high-density polyethylene (Luffa/HDPE) composite was fabricated using compression molding machine. In the preparation of the fiber, Luffa were cylindrically cut-out and opened into sheets form. The fiber was then laminated with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) film using compression molding method. The proposed fabricated composite consisting of a fiber volume fraction (FVF) of 7%, 14%, 21%, 27% and 30%. Tensile properties of the Luffa/HDPE composite were determined. SEM was used to study the interlamination and delamination of the composite. Tensile test shows that the increase of FVF enhanced the tensile strength of Luffa/HDPE composite. Tensile strength has gradually increased from 7 % to 21 % FVF. Though, tensile strength declines after 21% FVF

The Low Velocity Impact Properties of Pandanus Fiber Composites

The impact properties of biodegradable Pandanus atrocarpus composite laminate is studied. Laminate samples were fabricated using a hot compression molding technique with high-density polyethylene and extracted Pandanus fiber. Pandanus composites were tested under impact loading in order to study their relative impact performance. Under low velocity impact loading, Pandanus fiber laminates offered an excellent resistance to impact penetration. Tests have shown that increasing the volume fraction of Pandanus fiber can enhance the toughness of the composite. The biodegradable composites imply attractive properties that may be accessible for use in engineering sectors

Evaluation of Physico-Mechanical Properties on Oil Extracted Ground Coffee Waste Reinforced Polyethylene Composite

The current work discusses ground coffee waste (GCW) reinforced high-density polyethylene (HDPE) composite. GCW underwent two types of treatment (oil extraction, and oil extraction followed by mercerization). The composites were prepared using stacking HDPE film and GCW, followed by hot compression molding with different GCW particle loadings (5%, 10%, 15% and 20%). Particle loadings of 5% and 10% of the treated GCW composites exhibited the optimum level for this particular type of composite, whereby their mechanical and thermal properties were improved compared to untreated GCW composite (UGC). SEM fracture analysis showed better adhesion between HDPE and treated GCW. The FTIR conducted proved the removal of unwanted impurities and reduction in water absorption after the treatment. Specific tensile modulus improved for OGC at 5 vol% particle loading. The highest impact energy absorbed was obtained by OGC with a 16% increment. This lightweight and environmentally friendly composite has potential in high-end packaging, internal automotive parts, lightweight furniture, and other composite engineering applications

Characterisation of Polymesoda bengalensis Shell Powder

Seafood shell is abundant and has no eminent use and thus, commonly regarded as waste.Reusing and converting it into a useful material can decrease the amount of waste.Therefore, a study of the crystalline structure should be performed before identifying the potential use of the material. Theaim of this study istoidentifythe element and polymorph of Polymesoda bengalensis shell. The characterisations involved the usage of X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM)andenergy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The XRD study revealed that theshellpowder mostly consisted of aragonite. The analysis from SEM also revealed that the aragonite was in the form of rod-like crystal. The morphology of sectional, inner and outer surfaces of the shell was s foundthat the aragonite was arranged in the form of a cross-lamellar structure of various sizes. The elemental content of the shell showed that CaCO3in this shell contained large amounts of calcium and carbon

Tensile Properties of Luffa Acutangula Reinforced Polymer Composite

In recent years, there has been a growing trend in the popularity of natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites (NFRPC). Numerous researchers have put forward various alternatives to synthetic fibers. Luffa is one of the many natural fibers can be integrated into NFRPCs. Luffa with its unique interconnecting branch (mat/mesh) is suitable for NFRPCs. In this study, luffa reinforced high-density polyethylene (Luffa/HDPE) composite was fabricated using compression molding machine. In the preparation of the fiber, Luffa were cylindrically cut-out and opened into sheets form. The fiber was then laminated with high-density polyethylene (HDPE) film using compression molding method. The proposed fabricated composite consisting of a fiber volume fraction (FVF) of 7%, 14%, 21%, 27% and 30%. Tensile properties of the Luffa/HDPE composite were determined. SEM was used to study the interlamination and delamination of the composite. Tensile test shows that the increase of FVF enhanced the tensile strength of Luffa/HDPE composite. Tensile strength has gradually increased from 7 % to 21 % FVF. Though, tensile strength declines after 21% FVF