Kazuwaytapkar wizei na’ik amazad wizei Manoá-Mariwed ii : maxaapainhau durutan pawazii aimeakan diri’ikiz

Dissertação (mestrado)—Universidade de Brasília, Centro de Desenvolvimento Sustentável, Mestrado em Sustentabilidade Junto a Povos e Territórios Tradicionais, 2019.Este trabalho disserta em grande parte sobre um conjunto de experiências vivênciadas e construídas de forma coletiva, com desafio de torná-las vivas através da escrita e mostrar o que pensam os parentes indígenas de hoje e o que pensavam os parentes indígenas que não se encontram mais no meio do seu povo, mas que suas vozes foram escritas por outros pesquisadores que me antecederam. É um desafio e considero mais uma oportunidade de dizer ao mundo que um dia fui objeto de entrevistas e fonte de informações e hoje tenho orgulho de afirmar que sou sujeito, e será escrito as vivências concretas fruto de todo acompanhamento na luta pela garantia territorial iniciada pelos parentes mais experientes e continua com o novo processo intitulado de Plano de Gestão Territorial e Ambiental da Terra Indígena Manoá-Pium, elaborado, localizado na região Serra da Lua no leste do estado de Roraima e busca através da visão dos próprios indígenas envolvidos estratégias para implementação. O recorte territorial a ser pesquisado concentra-se especificamente na Terra Indígena ManoáPium, analisando o plano elaborado pelos próprios indígenas pertencentes aos povos Wapichana e Macuxi que vivem desde o início de sua regularização na região do lavrado e floresta no estado de Roraima, no Brasil e na República Cooperativa da Guiana. A base de informações com fundamentações teóricas e comentários são fortemente citados procedentes dos moradores das comunidades da Terra indígena Manoá-Pium. A ideia é priorizar a continuidade com acesso aos documentos sobre a demarcação da terra indígena, dando ênfase a relação dos Wapichanas e Macuxis na tentativa de adaptação a nova forma de uso dos recursos naturais respeitando os limites impostos pelo processo de territorialização. Tal delimitação trouxe consigo diversos problemas, tais como a limitação do acesso aos recursos naturais, diminuição das áreas para atividades de agricultura devido aumento populacional, a falta de espaço para uso na criação de animais e escassez de locais seguros para construção de moradia próximo principalmente de fontes de água. Frente as dificuldades os povos indígenas buscaram conhecer novas experiências para poder construir estratégias com uso de novas tecnologias voltadas na gestão do território seja no uso de conhecimentos e práticas tradicionais e aqueles conhecimentos oriundos de espaços de ensino como as universidades. As atividades no uso do território internamente são feitas de forma prática que garante o respeito entre as comunidades. Com este trabalho pretendo dar uma contribuição ao meu povo no sentido de aprimorar alternativas de como podemos trabalhar com essa ferramenta que é o Plano de Gestão, sem permitir que ele seja força dominadora, mas sim um instrumento para garantia de direitos e da nossa vida. Nessa direção, apresento uma proposta de avaliar e monitorar o andamento das estratégias para a implementação do plano de gestão.This work largely reflects a set of collective lived and constructed experiences, with the challenge of making them come to life through writing what present-day indigenous relatives think and what indigenous relatives who are no longer amongst their people thought, yet whose voices were documented by other researchers who preceded me. It is a challenge, yet also an opportunity to tell the world, that I once was an object of studies and source of information however, today I am proud to affirm that I am a subject writing about concrete experiences that are a result of accompanying the struggle for land tenure. A struggle initiatéd by the most experienced indigenous relatives and continues today with the development of the Territorial and Environmental Management Plan of the Indigenous Land Manoá-Pium, locatéd in the Serra da Lua region in the eastern part of Roraima. This plan seeks to develop stratégies for implementation based on the vision of the indigenous peoples involved in its construction. This study analyzes the territorial section of the indigenous land ManoáPium, where the plan was developed by the Wapichana and Macuxi indigenous peoples that have lived since the beginning of its regularization, in the savannah and forest regions of the staté of Roraima, in Brazil and Guyana. The basis of information with theoretical foundation and commentaries are cited heavily by residents of the Indigenous Land Manoá-Pium. The idea is to prioritize continuity with access to documents on the demarcation of the indigenous land, and with emphasis on the relations between the Wapichana and Macuxi in their adaptation to a new way of using natural resources while respecting the imposed limits of the demarcation process. Such a delimitation brought with it an array of problems, such as limiting access to natural resources, reduction in agricultural áreas due to population growth, shortage of space for animal breeding, and lack of secure áreas for building homes near watér sources. In view of the difficulties, the indigenous peoples sought to learn about new experiences in order to build stratégies using new technologies geared towards territorial management, whether through the use of traditional practices and knowledge or those that came from academic spaces such as universities. Activities on internal territorial use are done in a practical way that guarantees respect among communities. With this work, I intend to contribute to my people by improving the alternatives of how to use the Management Plan, without allowing it to be a dominating force, but rather an instrument to guarantee our rights and livelihood. With that said, I present a proposal to monitor and evaluaté the progress of stratégies for the implementation of the management plan.DYSUDIDKAU: Wyry’y kaydinkizei saadkau baukupatkary dia’ana’u kuwininhau aichapan dia’an na’ik inmaxaapayzun kadyz tumkau baukuptinkary dia’an, aiapkary wyry’y aichapkary maxaapan kakypy ysaadimpen dia’an kaipa’a maxaapainhau di’itimpen kai na’ik kuwininhau maxaapan wizei dia’a, mazan kuwichipainhau tuminpem insaadan paparadan. wyry’y ditinhapkary na’ik kazannatkary pawa’azii aimeakan takau amazad tykapkau aimekan kawan pixaytayzu nau na’ik aichapkary urudnaa aizii tykii atadapkau unkuwadan ungary AIMEAKAN KAWAN, na’ik kaipa’unii isaadinpen maxaapkary kawan at pauribei aka kawan ipei aunytapkar mabuzakninkar dia’an kaimenaimen wyry’y amazad kazanatkau kuwichpainhau wairibennau aichapainhau na’ik pakawan wyry’y idakutkary Ditinhapkar kazuwaytapkar Wizei na’ik amazad wizei ManoáMariwed ii, saadkau Kayzad ii wauitianap Ruraim ii na’ik wadurutkiz wanytpan dia’an wairibennau maxaapainhau durutan pawazii aimeakan diri’ikiz. Dykytkar amazad tuminhapkizei ii bayda’apatkary suu Manoá- Mariwed amazadat ati’u, kawiziinhau aunytapkau wyry’y saadinpe’uraz wynau dian Wapichannau na’ik Macuchinhau maxaapauraz mazad sakadinhandun idykytkau baraz na’ik kanuk Ruraim ii, karaiwe wiiz ii na’ik Guiana ikinhau. Wyry’y kywai urudnaa saadkau ipei kamaxaapanyinau kuwadan kaunati’u mabuzak manawyn inakinhan maxaapainhau wyry’y wizai ii amazad Manoá- Mariwed ii. Wyry ditinhapkar aiapakary pakawan karich saadkau amazad dykytkau maxaapainhau at. Wapichannau na’ik Makuchnau maxaapkiz pakawan naik in aichapkiz pamaxaapan kai pakaiwen dia’an amazad inaichapkiz kaimenaimen pawiz itukun dykytkau kawanat. Amazad dykytkau dayna’an ina’ak dyri’i aimeakan uiau, amazad dan na’ak kau, amazada dysudinhan pidiannau iribdinhan id, amazad autan yzainhau at na’ik amazad autan pidian tumkiz nii padap wyn nyndapkiz dia’a. Aimeakam kaxapannan id kawiziinhau durutan paaichapan bauran ditinhapkar yryy tyryy ikudan pamaxaapkinha paikaiwen dia’na makin amazad diit paiaichapan dian karaiunau nau kadyz na’ik achapkar tuminhapkizai idary’inhau di ii. Kaydinkizeinhau kaiwekary dia’an amazad nazuu an ipei tumkary kaydinkery kazannata’unii kaimenaimen wyry’y wizeinhau. Wyry’y kaidinkizei dia’an unkaminkeyta’zun uniribennau unaipen pawazii ikudkau aimekan na’apan nii wakaydinhan wyry wakaydinkinha’nii wyryy ditinhapakary kazuwatpandia’an, aunaa tyry’y ikaiwekau madiweytapak, mazan mixaurimen waaichapkiz wazannaa na’ik wamaxaapkinhaa karikeunan. Kaipaunii unkuwadkidian um ditimpen aunytapkinhaa nii na’ik unabatpkina nii na’pam kaydinkery makun wyry’y xapatkau dia’na wyry’y ditinhapkary zuwainaa at

Under-reporting of COVID-19 cases among indigenous peoples in Brazil : a new expression of old inequalities

Objective: To estimate the incidence, mortality and lethality rates of COVID-19 among Indigenous Peoples in the Brazilian Amazon. Additionally, to analyze how external threats can contribute to spread the disease in Indigenous Lands (IL). Methods: The Brazilian Amazon is home to nearly half a million Indigenous persons, representing more than 170 ethnic groups. As a pioneer in heading Indigenous community-based surveillance (I-CBS) in Brazil, the Coordination of the Indigenous Organizations of the Brazilian Amazon (COIAB) started to monitor Indigenous COVID-19 cases in March of 2020. Brazil's Ministry of Health (MOH) was the main source of data regarding non-Indigenous cases and deaths; to contrast the government's tally, we used the information collected by I-CBS covering 25 Special Indigenous Sanitary Districts (DSEI) in the Brazilian Amazon. The incidence and mortality rates of COVID-19 were calculated using the total number of new cases and deaths accumulated between the 9th and 40th epidemiological weeks. We studied (a) the availability of health care facilities to attend to Indigenous Peoples; (b) illegal mines, land grabbing, and deforestation to perform a geospatial analysis to assess how external threats affect Indigenous incidence and mortality rates. We used the Generalized Linear Model (GLM) with Poisson regression to show the results. Results: MOH registered 22,127 cases and 330 deaths, while COIAB's survey recorded 25,356 confirmed cases and 670 deaths, indicating an under-reporting of 14 and 103%, respectively. Likewise, the incidence and mortality rates were 136 and 110% higher among Indigenous when compared with the national average. In terms of mortality, the most critical DSEIs were Alto Rio Solimões, Cuiabá, Xavante, Vilhena and Kaiapó do Pará. The GLM model reveals a direct correlation between deforestation, land grabbing and mining, and the incidence of cases among the Indigenous. Conclusion: Through this investigation it was possible to verify that not only the incidence and mortality rates due to COVID-19 among Indigenous Peoples are higher than those observed in the general population, but also that the data presented by the federal government are underreported. Additionally, it was evident that the presence of illegal economic activities increased the risk of spreading COVID-19 in ILs

Atividade biológica de extratos, hidrolatos e óleos voláteis de pau-rosa (Aniba duckei Kostermans) e quantificaç ão do linalol no hidrolato de folhas

The objective of this study was to evaluate the bioactivity of extracts and by-products of volatile oil extraction from rosewood, as well as to quantify linalool levels in hydrolates. Branch and trunkwood methanol extracts presented significant lethality to Artemia franciscana larvae (LC 50 58 ± 33 and 71 ± 31 mg mL -1, respectively). Hydrolates (diluted to 25%) and volatile oil (2 mg mL -1) caused 100% mortality. These results show that A. duckei is a potential source of cytotoxic substances. The volatile oil obtained from branchwood presented larvicidal activity in vitro towards Aedes aegypti (hemorrhagic dengue fever vector, LC 50 2,2 g L -1). Quantitative GC analysis performed on the hydrolate obtained from leaf extraction revealed a linalool concentration of 0.09% v/v (6 mM), which could be responsible for the observed bioactivity

Usnic Acid Potassium Salt: Evaluation of the Acute Toxicity and Antinociceptive Effect in Murine Model

To obtain usnic acid potassium salt (PS-UA), the usnic acid (UA) was extracted and purified from the lichen Cladonia substellata, and modified to produce PS-UA. The structure was determined by 1H-NMR, IR and elemental analysis, ratified through computational models, as well as identification the site of K+ insertion in the molecule. Antinociceptive activity was detected through contortions in mice induced by acetic acid and formalin (phases I and II) after treatments with 10 and 20 mg/kg of PS-UA, indicating interference in both non-inflammatory and inflammatory pain. After oral administration at doses of 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, no deaths of mice with treatments below 2000 mg/kg were observed. Except for body weight gain, food and water consumption decreased with treatments of 1000 and 2000 mg/kg, and the number of segmented leukocytes was higher for both treatments. Regarding serum levels, cholesterol and triglycerides decreased, however, there was an increase in hepatic transaminases with both treatments. Liver and kidney histological changes were detected in treatments of 2000 mg/kg, while the spleen was preserved. The PS-UA demonstrated antinociceptive activity while the acute toxicity at the concentration of 2000 mg/kg was the only dose that presented morphological changes in the liver and kidney

Núcleos de Ensino da Unesp: artigos 2008

Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq