Geometrically Tunable Transverse Electric Field in Multilayered Structures

Appearance of a transverse component in dc electric field with respect to the applied current is investigated in periodic multilayer composite structures made of nanometer-to-micrometer scale alternating layers of two different homogeneous and isotropic conducting materials. Dependence of the transverse electric field on geometrical orientation of the layers is examined using the coordinate transformation approach. Electric field bending angle as a function of the layers’ resistivity ratio is studied in detail. It is shown that both the direction and the magnitude of the field can be changed using orientation angle of the layers as a tuning parameter

Soft Magnetic Multilayered Thin Films for HF Applications

AbstractMultilayered thin films from various soft magnetic materials were successfully prepared by magnetron sputtering in Ar atmosphere. The magnetic properties and microstructure were investigated. It is found that the films show good soft magnetic properties: magnetic coercivity of 1-10Oe and saturation magnetization higher than 1T. The initial permeability of the films is greater than 300 and flattens up to 600MHz. The multilayer thin film properties in combination with their easy, fast and reproducible fabrication indicate that they are potential candidates for high frequency applications

Nanostructured Melt-Spun Sm(Co,Fe,Zr,B)7:5 Alloys for High-Temperature Magnets

High coercivity, the highest for Cu-free 2 : 17 Sm-Co ribbons, has been obtained in as-spun (= 211 kOe) and short time annealed (= 232 kOe) samples of Sm(CobalFe Zr B)7 5 alloys, with varying B, Zr, and Fe content (= 0-0 06, = 0-0 16, = 0 08-0 3) and wheel speed. In as-spun samples, the TbCu7 type structure and in annealed samples the Th2Zn17 and CaCu5 type structures is observed, plus fcc Co as minority phase is observed. Reduced remanence () is higher than 0.7. High-temperature magnetic measurements show very good stability above 300 C with coercive field as high as 5.2 kOe at 330 C. For annealed Sm(CobalFe0 3Zr0 02B0 04)7 5, very good loop squareness and high maximum energy product of 10.7 MGOe have been obtained. Increasing Zr content results in less uniform microstructure of annealed ribbons.Comment: IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 39, No. 5, pages 2869 - 2871, September 200

Geometrically Tunable Transverse Electric Field in Multilayered Structures

Appearance of a transverse component in dc electric field with respect to the applied current is investigated in periodic multilayer composite structures made of nanometer-to-micrometer scale alternating layers of two different homogeneous and isotropic conducting materials. Dependence of the transverse electric field on geometrical orientation of the layers is examined using the coordinate transformation approach. Electric field bending angle as a function of the layers' resistivity ratio is studied in detail. It is shown that both the direction and the magnitude of the field can be changed using orientation angle of the layers as a tuning parameter

The last Ottomans: the Muslim minority of western Thrace during the axis occupation and the Greek civil war 1941-49

Why, when faced with a brutal occupation and then a bloody civil war, did the Muslims on Greece's border with Turkey remain passive? The Lausanne Treaty of 1923 had recognized them as a vulnerable minority and there were a number of international and local factors that might have led to ethnic conflict. This first in-depth historical study of the minority explores the puzzle of the absence of conflict, the complex patterns of identity of the minority, and the strategic relevance of this community to the international relations of a region long seen as a powder-keg. It is based on extensive Greek, Turkish and Bulgarian archive materials, many of which have not been analyzed before, as well as the official documents of the British and US governments and personal interviews with many of those who lived through these events. The Last Ottomans traces a fascinating, untold story and tells it through an inter-disciplinary lens, raising important questions of relevance not only to the 1940s but also to the inherited assumptions and images of today

Simulation of magnetic relaxation measurements of tetragonal Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+x and Bi2Sr2Ca2Cu3O10+y thin films

Magnetic relaxation data at various temperatures and magnetic fields are taken from high-quality, epitaxial thin films of and and are simulated using a method developed by Brandt and coworkers. Assuming thermally activated resistivity and logarithmic activation energy we obtain good simulations of the experimental data. The critical current resulting from the simulation is evaluated as a function of the temperature and is found to decrease linearly with it and the current-voltage characteristics are extracted and are linear on a scale at all temperatures. The activation energy is calculated as a function of the current and it is shown to be a decreasing function of the magnetic field following a power law . The critical current is also shown to decrease with the magnetic field and can be described well by the exponential form . Comparison between the two phases and indicates that pinning in the film is stronger due to the lower anisotropy of this phase and probably because of the existence of more defects. Finally, the distribution of the local magnetic moment and the magnetic induction on the surface of the film at different times during the relaxation procedure is nicely depicted with surface and contour plots