Development and validation of a High performance liquid chromatography- Mass spectrometry method for 17a-methyltestosterone in Aquatic water systems

17a-Methyltestosterone is used as feed additive to manipulate the gender of fish for aquaculture. Earlier a simple, yet specific and robust validated high performance liquid chromatographic method has been developed for the determination of 17a-methyltestosterone in fish feed. The present work describes a highly sensitive and robust Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry method for the quantitation of 17a-methyltestosterone in aquatic water systems using 17â-hydroxy-3â-methoxyandrost-5-en-7-one as internal standard. The method was validated in the concentration range of 0.2 to 25 ng of 17a-methyltestosterone on column leading to a limit of quantitation of 0.08 ppb or 0.08 mg/L in water, and has potential to increase the limit of detection and quantitation by an order of magnitude, if required

THE CHINESE PRACTICE‐ORIENTED VIEWS OF SCIENCE AND THEIR POLITICAL GROUNDS

In China, practice-oriented views of science can be traced back to antiquity. In ancient times, the Chinese people independently created and developed application-oriented sciences, but they ignored basic science. In modern times, China learned and introduced Western science and technology as a practical instrument to protect the nation and make it prosperous and powerful. Through technology and production, science has been playing an immediate and major role in the development of socialism since 1949. Since 1978, the Chinese government has always emphasized that science and technology are the primary productive forces. From ancient times to the present, the practice-oriented views of science are grounded in politics. Science has been the handmaiden of politics since the Qin Dynasty. However, this state of affairs hinders the development of basic science, a science that is not oriented toward immediate application. It also hinders open-minded, critical reflection on the downsides or limits of science, which could draw on broader (moral, spiritual, or religious) values