Innovations in Water Management for Sustainable Development of Higher Education Institutions: Experience from Ton Duc Thang University, Vietnam

Ton Duc Thang University (TDTU), which was established in 1997, is a fully autonomous public university in Vietnam. After over 22 years of development, TDTU is now the number one university in Vietnam for all aspects. In 2019, TDTU was ranked the 1st in Vietnam and ranked 165th in the world on sustainable development by UI GreenMetric World University Rankings (UI GreenMetric). Among six categories of UI GreenMetric, including: setting and infrastructure, energy and climate change, waste, water, transport, and education, the water category of TDTU achieved 725 points out of 1000 maximum points (72.50%). This paper presents water management of TDTU, focusing on water conservation, water recycling, the use of water efficient appliances and piped water consumption. Specifically, the paper highlights innovations in water management that TDTU has implemented during the past few years. The paper concludes that sustainable water management makes great contribution to sustainable development of a higher education institutio

Synthesis and Spectral Characterization of 4,7-Dichloro-6-nitroquinazoline

Afatinib is a 4-anilinoquinazoline tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) in the form of a dimaleate salt which is indicated for the treatment of locally advanced or metastatic non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The most scalable route for the synthesis of this drug was reported in two Boehringer Ingelheim patents, in which the title compound, 4,7-dichloro-6-nitroquinazoline (IV), is an important intermediate. Compound IV is also present in a number of synthetic pathways for various 4,7-disubstituted quinazoline derivatives displaying high therapeutic potential. However, no detailed characterization of this popular compound has been reported, possibly due to its high instability. In this paper, IV was prepared in an overall yield of 56.1% by a 3-step process (condensation, nitration, and chlorination) from 2-amino-4-chlorobenzoic acid (I). The target compound has been for the first time fully characterized by melting point, mass-spectrometry, FT-IR, 1H-NMR and 13C-NMR spectroscopies

An External Validation Study of the Oakland and Glasgow-Blatchford Scores for Predicting Adverse Outcomes of Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding in an Asian Population

Aims. This study is aimed at (1) validating the performance of Oakland and Glasgow-Blatchford (GBS) scores and (2) comparing these scores with the SALGIB score in predicting adverse outcomes of acute lower gastrointestinal bleeding (ALGIB) in a Vietnamese population. Methods. A multicenter cohort study was conducted on ALGIB patients admitted to seven hospitals across Vietnam. The adverse outcomes of ALGIB consisted of blood transfusion; endoscopic, radiologic, or surgical interventions; severe bleeding; and in-hospital death. The Oakland and GBS scores were calculated, and their performance was compared with that of SALGIB, a locally developed prediction score for adverse outcomes of ALGIB in Vietnamese, based on the data at admission. The accuracy of these scores was measured using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and compared by the chi-squared test. Results. There were 414 patients with a median age of 60 (48–71). The rates of blood transfusion, hemostatic intervention, severe bleeding, and in-hospital death were 26.8%, 15.2%, 16.4, and 1.4%, respectively. The SALGIB score had comparable performance with the Oakland score (AUC: 0.81 and 0.81, respectively; p=0.631) and outperformed the GBS score (AUC: 0.81 and 0.76, respectively; p=0.002) for predicting the presence of any adverse outcomes of ALGIB. All of the three scores had acceptable and comparable performance for in-hospital death but poor performance for hemostatic intervention. The Oakland score had the best performance for predicting severe bleeding. Conclusions. The Oakland and SALGIB scores had excellent and comparable performance and outperformed the GBS score for predicting adverse outcomes of ALGIB in Vietnamese