The Importance of Economic Education: Preparing Future Generations for Global Economic Challenges

Economic education has a central role in equipping future generations with a solid understanding of basic economic concepts and the skills needed to face global economic challenges. This abstract summarizes the results of discussions that highlight crucial aspects of economic education, including its role in improving understanding of economic concepts, preparation for global challenges, and development of critical and analytical skills. Discussions also include the linkage of research results to educational policy, a focus on developing ethical attitudes and social responsibility, and how economic education stimulates global collaboration and entrepreneurship. In conclusion, economic education not only provides conceptual knowledge but also forms the attitudes and skills needed to participate actively in the growing global economy

HER2 sstatus and molecular subtypes of breast carcinoma in Central Vietnam

Background. Breast cancer is the most commonly occurring cancer in the females and the leading cause of cancer deaths in Vietnamese women. Beside the traditional histopathological classification according to the WHO, the genetic and molecular findings in the last decades have introduced a new nomenclature to identify of breast cancers oriented mostly to the functional characteristics of the neoplastic cells and the needs of therapy. Based on these criteria, breast cancers are divided into five main groups according to the expression levels of biomarkers such as estrogen (ER), progesterone receptors (PR), proliferation index (Ki67) and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2). Among them, HER2 protein overexpression and gene amplification have a particularly important role to play in the classification of molecular subtypes. It is also a significant biomarker which has prognostic and predictive value and is a goal of targeted therapy. The aim of this study was to identify the prevalence rate of HER2 gene amplification or overexpression in the local Vietnamese population, and determine the molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Materials and methods. Paraffin tissue blocks from 88 Vietnamese women diagnosed consecutively with invasive primary breast carcinoma during a period of 12 months, from April 2016 to April 2017. These blocks underwent immunohistochemistry (IHC) and fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and dual in situ hybridization (DISH) for the assessment of HER2 status. HER2 positive includes the HER2 (3+) score in IHC or the HER2 gene amplification in FISH. The IHC for ER, PR and Ki67 were also evaluated to determine molecular subtypes. The analyses were based on the guideline of ASCO/CAP 2013. Results. The median age of patients was 52.5. By using IHC, 30.7 % of tumours were strongly expressed in (3+) score the HER2 protein. The HER2 equivocal results occupied 9.1%. Gene amplification by FISH was found in 25% of tumours with an equivocal score in IHC. The prevalence rate of HER2 positive was 32.9%. The concordance between IHC and DISH assay were 100% in case of IHC positive or negative. In case HER2 results by using immunohistochemistry technique were equivocal, DISH was able to identify 2 cases (25% of cases) as positive. The concordance between FISH and DISH in the equivocal cases was 100%. Luminal B subtype accounted for the highest proportion, at 37.5% whereas luminal A was the lowest, at 18.2%. The HER2 enriched and triple negative subtype occupied 22.7% and 21.6%, respectively. A significant relationship was found between HER2 status as well as molecular subtypes and some clinicopathological characteristics and biomarkers. Conclusion. HER2 gene amplification was found in 32.9% of Vietnamese breast cancers. This prevalence was considerably higher than in published studies on women from Western countries. Luminal B subtype was the most frequent, at 37.5% while the uncommon belonged to luminal A, at 18.2%. The HER2 enrich and triple negative subtypes were fairly higher than that in literature. HER2 status as well as molecular classification had prognostic and therapeutical significance

HUMAN HEALTH RISK ASSESSMENT THROUGH FOOD CHAIN IN SOME AREAS WITH HIGH ARSENIC CONCENTRATION

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

Some Factors Affecting The Intention Of Self-Studying Students Of An Giang University

Facing the trend of the 4th industrial revolution, the self-study capacity of students has a very important meaning in improving the quality of training. Therefore, the study aimed to evaluate the factors affecting the intention of self-study of An Giang University students. The study uses the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) on the basis of collecting data from 300 students studying the faculties of An Giang University. The study use methods of testing the reliability of scales by Cronbach’s Alpha coefficient, exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and multivariate regression analysis. Research results show that there are five factors that influence students' intention to self-study of students, such as: (1) Expectations for effort, (2) motivation for learning, (3) Perception of ease of use, (4) habits and (5) social influences. At the same time, this study provides some implications for management to help the school have strategies to support students' self-study to improve the quality of training to response the social needs

Changements dans le fonctionnement des familles ayant un enfant atteint d’un trouble de déficit de l’attention/hyperactivité après un programme d’entraînement aux habiletés parentales

Au Québec, le trouble du déficit de l’attention/hyperactivité (TDA/H) est celui qui requiert le plus grand nombre de consultations en pédopsychiatrie (50 % à 75 %). À ce jour, l’intervention multimodale (traitement pharmacologique, programme d’entraînement aux habiletés parentales (PEHP) et programme d’intervention cognitive comportementale (PICC) auprès des enfants ayant un TDA/H) a obtenu de bons résultats à long terme. Dans cette étude, nous avons évalué les changements dans le fonctionnement familial suite à un PEHP. La conception de ce PEHP repose sur les deux approches : l’approche systémique familiale de Calgary (Wright & Leahey, 2013) et l’approche de solution collaborative et proactive (Greene, 2014). Le Family Assessment Device (FAD; Epstein, Baldwin, et Bishop, 1983), version courte, a été utilisé pour mesurer le fonctionnement général (FG) de la famille. La collecte de données a été réalisée auprès de deux groupes (groupe participant et groupe témoin) et à deux temps de mesure (avant et après le PEHP). L’échantillon contient 28 familles participantes et 18 familles témoins. L’analyse de variance à mesures répétées (ANOVA) a été utilisée pour tester l’effet des variables indépendantes (Temps et Intervention) sur la variable dépendante (FG). Les résultats indiquent que les parents qui participent à un PEHP perçoivent un fonctionnement familial général amélioré par rapport au groupe témoin. L’interprétation des changements à la suite du PEHP donne des pistes d’intervention infirmières à ces familles afin d’éviter les impacts de ce trouble sur le fonctionnement familial à long terme.In Quebec, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a disorder that requires more consultation in child psychiatry (50% to 75%). To date, the Multimodal Intervention (pharmacological, parenting skills training program (PSTP) and cognitive behavioral treatment program (CBTP) for children with ADHD) have achieved better long-term results. The present study of PSTP evaluated through the family functioning. The design of this PSTP is based on two approaches: Calgary family systems approach (Wright & Leahey, 2012) and Collaborative & Proactive Solution approach (Greene, 2014). The short version of the Family Assessment Questionnaire Device (FAD; Epstein, Baldwin, et Bishop, 1983) was used to measure the general functioning of the family. Data collection was conducted with two groups (participants and control) at two measurement times (before and after PSTP). The sample contains 28 families in the participant group and 18 families in the control group. Analysis of variance for repeated measures (ANOVA) was conducted to test the effect of the independent variables (Time and Intervention) on the dependent variable (GF). Based on the analysis, the results indicate that parents who participate in a PSTP perceive an improvement on their family general functioning compared to the control group. Interpreting changes in the family environment as a result of PSTP suggest nurse’s intervention to these families as its main goal is to avoid the impact of the disorder on the long-term in family functioning

The determinants impact on poverty reduction in Vietnam

The progress of poverty reduction in Vietnam determined by regions and the education level of the household members. During 2006-2014, the spillover of the poverty reduction polices in Vietnam was transmitted through accessibility to government preferential credit and public healthcare services. Ensuring that rural households were able to approach to immunization can improve their household’s wealth. The aim of the thesis was an assessment of determinants impacted on poverty in Vietnam, captured by the household characteristics, educational attainments, agricultural resources, and regions. The thesis also evaluated the effectiveness of the poverty reduction policy applied by the Vietnamese government. Subsequently, the interaction effects were used to investigate the role of women in the progress of poverty reduction and how the level of regional development influenced on poverty. The results showed that the probability of being poor decreased when households have favorable conditions in term of household characteristics, educational attainment, and regions. Accessibility to government preferential credits reduced the urban household’s poverty, and health care policies were more compatible with rural households. The yielding results of OLS model and probit models were consistent, guaranteed for robust estimation. The interaction effects showed the effectiveness of policy variables to the corresponding beneficiaries, but the proxies of government agriculture support were insignificant. Further research is recommended to use alternative proxies to have a better evaluation on the poverty reduction policies

Ab initio prediction of anomalous Hall effect in antiferromagnetic CaCrO3_3

While the anomalous Hall effect takes place typically in ferromagnets with finite magnetization, large anomalous Hall conductivity in noncollinear antiferromagnetic systems has been recently observed and attracted much attention. In this study, we predict the anomalous Hall effect in perovskite CaCrO$_3$ as a representative of 'collinear' antiferromagnetic materials. Our result shows that the C-type antiferromagnetic ordering generates the sizable anomalous Hall conductivity. Based on symmetry analyses, we show that the antiferromagnetic order parameter belongs to the same irreducible representation as the ferromagnetic order parameter in the nonsymmorphic space group, allowing the non-vanishing Berry curvatures in k space. By performing first-principles density-functional theory calculations, we find that the Berry-curvature 'hot spots' lie along the gapped nodal lines where spin-orbit coupling induces the spin splitting of Cr-3d bands near the Fermi energy and enhances the anomalous Hall effect in CaCrO$_3$

Corruption Perceptions During the Pandemic

This study delves into the response of corruption perception indices to the COVID-19 pandemic. We investigate whether a global shift in corruption indices occurred post-pandemic compared to pre-pandemic levels. Additionally, we assess changes in standard errors of these indices before and after the pandemic to gauge shifts in consensus among people regarding corruption levels of a country. Given the WGI-CC\u27s lack of year-to-year comparability across countries, we recalculated WGI-CC standard errors using methods akin to TI-CPI score calculations. Subsequently, we employ regression analysis, incorporating independent variables such as population, GDP, education, and political regime to explore whether changes in standard errors of corruption indices are statistically significantly influenced by COVID-19 data, including confirmed cases and deaths

DEVELOPMENT OF ACTIVE AND RECYCLABLE MAGNETIC NANOBIOCATALYSTS FOR GREEN AND SUSTAINABLE CHEMICAL AND FUEL PRODUCTION

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH