23 research outputs found
Associations of Underlying Health Conditions With Anxiety and Depression Among Outpatients: Modification Effects of Suspected COVID-19 Symptoms, Health-Related and Preventive Behaviors
Objectives: We explored the association of underlying health conditions (UHC) with depression and anxiety, and examined the modification effects of suspected COVID-19 symptoms (S-COVID-19-S), health-related behaviors (HB), and preventive behaviors (PB).Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 8,291 outpatients aged 18â85 years, in 18 hospitals and health centers across Vietnam from 14th February to May 31, 2020. We collected the data regarding participant's characteristics, UHC, HB, PB, depression, and anxiety.Results: People with UHC had higher odds of depression (OR = 2.11; p < 0.001) and anxiety (OR = 2.86; p < 0.001) than those without UHC. The odds of depression and anxiety were significantly higher for those with UHC and S-COVID-19-S (p < 0.001); and were significantly lower for those had UHC and interacted with âunchanged/moreâ physical activity (p < 0.001), or âunchanged/moreâ drinking (p < 0.001 for only anxiety), or âunchanged/healthierâ eating (p < 0.001), and high PB score (p < 0.001), as compared to those without UHC and without S-COVID-19-S, ânever/stopped/lessâ physical activity, drinking, âless healthyâ eating, and low PB score, respectively.Conclusion: S-COVID-19-S worsen psychological health in patients with UHC. Physical activity, drinking, healthier eating, and high PB score were protective factors
Analysis and optimization for weighted sum rate in energy harvesting cooperative NOMA systems
Abstract
We consider a cooperative non-orthogonal multiple access system with radio frequency energy harvesting, in which a user with good channel harvests energy from its received signal and serves as a decode-and-forward relay for enhancing the performance of a user with poor channel. We here aim at maximizing the weighted sum rate of the system by optimizing the power allocation coefficient used at the source and the power splitting coefficient used at the user with good channel. By exploiting the specific structure of the considered problem, we propose a low-complexity one-dimensional search algorithm, which can provide optimal solution to the problem. As a benchmark comparison, we derive analytic expressions and simple high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) approximations of the ergodic rates achieved at the two users and their weighted sum with fixed values of the power allocation and the power splitting coefficients, from which the scaling of the weighted sum in the high SNR region is revealed. Finally, we provide representative numerical results to demonstrate the validity of our results
Health Literacy and Preventive Behaviors Modify the Association between Pre-Existing Health Conditions and Suspected COVID-19 Symptoms: A Multi-Institutional Survey
People with pre-existing health conditions (PEHC) are vulnerable to viral infection while health literacy (HL) and preventive behaviors (PB) have been shown to benefit people during the COVID-19 pandemic. The aim of this study was to examine the association between PEHC and suspected COVID-19 symptoms (S-COVID-19-S), and to investigate the modification effect of HL and PB. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 8291 participants visiting outpatient departments at 18 hospitals and health centers across Vietnam from 14 February to 31 May 2020. Data were collected regarding participant’s characteristics, HL, PB, PEHC, and S-COVID-19-S. Regression models were used for analyzing the associations. Results showed that people with PEHC had a 3.38 times higher likelihood of having S-COVID-19-S (odds ratio, OR, 3.38; 95% confidence interval, 95% CI, 3.01, 3.79; p < 0.001). In comparison to participants without PEHC and with the lowest HL score, those with PEHC and one HL score increment had a 7% lower likelihood of having S-COVID-19-S (OR, 0.93; 95% CI, 0.92, 0.94; p < 0.001). In comparison to participants without PEHC and not adhering to mask wearing, those with PEHC and adhering to mask wearing had a 77% lower likelihood of having S-COVID-19-S (OR, 0.23; 95% CI, 0.16, 0.32; p < 0.001). Higher HL and adherence to mask wearing can protect people from having S-COVID-19-S, especially in those with PEHC
Sex Differences in Clustering Unhealthy Lifestyles Among Survivors of COVID-19: Latent Class Analysis
BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has underscored the significance of adopting healthy lifestyles to mitigate the risk of severe outcomes and long-term consequences.
ObjectiveThis study focuses on assessing the prevalence and clustering of 5 unhealthy lifestyle behaviors among Vietnamese adults after recovering from COVID-19, with a specific emphasis on sex differences.
MethodsThe cross-sectional data of 5890 survivors of COVID-19 in Vietnam were analyzed from December 2021 to October 2022. To examine the sex differences in 5 unhealthy lifestyle behaviors (smoking, drinking, unhealthy diet, physical inactivity, and sedentary behavior), the percentages were plotted along with their corresponding 95% CI for each behavior. Latent class analysis was used to identify 2 distinct classes of individuals based on the clustering of these behaviors: the âless unhealthyâ group and the âmore unhealthyâ group. We examined the sociodemographic characteristics associated with each identified class and used logistic regression to investigate the factors related to the âmore unhealthyâ group.
ResultsThe majority of individuals (male participants: 2432/2447, 99.4% and female participants: 3411/3443, 99.1%) exhibited at least 1 unhealthy behavior, with male participants being more susceptible to multiple unhealthy behaviors. The male-to-female ratio for having a single behavior was 1.003, but it escalated to 25 for individuals displaying all 5 behaviors. Male participants demonstrated a higher prevalence of combining alcohol intake with sedentary behavior (949/2447, 38.8%) or an unhealthy diet (861/2447, 35.2%), whereas female participants tended to exhibit physical inactivity combined with sedentary behavior (1305/3443, 37.9%) or an unhealthy diet (1260/3443, 36.6%). Married male participants had increased odds of falling into the âmore unhealthyâ group compared to their single counterparts (odds ratio [OR] 1.45, 95% CI 1.14-1.85), while female participants exhibited lower odds (OR 0.65, 95% CI 0.51-0.83). Female participants who are underweight showed a higher likelihood of belonging to the âmore unhealthyâ group (OR 1.11, 95% CI 0.89-1.39), but this was not observed among male participants (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.41-0.89). In both sexes, older age, dependent employment, high education, and obesity were associated with higher odds of being in the âmore unhealthyâ group.
ConclusionsThe study identified notable sex differences in unhealthy lifestyle behaviors among survivors of COVID-19. Male survivors are more likely to engage in unhealthy behaviors compared to female survivors. These findings emphasize the importance of tailored public health interventions targeting sex-specific unhealthy behaviors. Specifically, addressing unhealthy habits is crucial for promoting postâCOVID-19 health and well-being
Negative Impact of Fear of COVID-19 on Health-Related Quality of Life Was Modified by Health Literacy, eHealth Literacy, and Digital Healthy Diet Literacy: A Multi-Hospital Survey
Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been disseminating fear in the community, which has affected peopleâs quality of life, especially those with health problems. Health literacy (HL), eHealth literacy (eHEAL), and digital healthy diet literacy (DDL) may have potential impacts on containing the pandemic and its consequences. This study aimed to examine the association between the fear of COVID-19 scale (FCoV-19S) and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL), and to examine the effect modification by HL, eHEAL, and DDL on this association. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in 11 hospitals across Vietnam from 7 April to 31 May 2020. Data were collected on 4348 outpatients, including demographic characteristics, HL, eHEAL, DDL, FCoV-19S, and HRQoL. Multiple linear regression and interaction models were used to explore associations. Results: Patients with higher FCoV-19S scores had lower HRQoL scores (unstandardized coefficient, B = â0.78, p < 0.001). HL (B = 0.20, p < 0.001), eHEAL (B = 0.24, p < 0.001), and DDL (B = 0.20, p < 0.001) were positively associated with higher HRQoL scores. The negative impact of FCoV-19S on HRQoL was significantly attenuated by higher eHEAL score groups (from one standard deviation (SD) below the mean, B = â0.93, p < 0.001; to the mean, B = â0.85, p < 0.001; and one SD above the mean, B = â0.77, p < 0.001); and by higher DDL score groups (from one SD below the mean, B = â0.92, p < 0.001; to the mean, B = â0.82, p < 0.001; and one SD above the mean, B = â0.72, p < 0.001). Conclusions: eHealth literacy and digital healthy diet literacy could help to protect patientsâ health-related quality of life from the negative impact of the fear of COVID-19 during the pandemic
VinDr-CXR: An open dataset of chest X-rays with radiologistâs annotations
Measurement(s) diseases and abnormal findings from chest X-ray scans Technology Type(s) AI is used to detect diseases and abnormal findings Sample Characteristic - Location Vietna
Distal Hydrophobic Loop Modulates the Copper Active Site and Reaction of AA13 Polysaccharide Monooxygenases
Polysaccharide
monooxygenases (PMOs) use a type-2 copper
center
to activate O2 for the selective hydroxylation of one of
the two CâH bonds of glycosidic linkages. Our electron paramagnetic
resonance (EPR) analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations suggest
the unprecedented dynamic roles of the loop containing the residue
G89 (G89 loop) on the active site structure and reaction cycle of
starch-active PMOs (AA13 PMOs). In the Cu(II) state, the G89 loop
could switch between an âopenâ and âclosedâ
conformation, which is associated with the binding and dissociation
of an aqueous ligand in the distal site, respectively. The conformation
of the G89 loop influences the positioning of the copper center on
the preferred substrate of AA13 PMOs. The dissociation of the distal
ligand results in the bending of the T-shaped core of the Cu(II) active
site, which could help facilitate its reduction to the active Cu(I)
state. In the Cu(I) state, the G89 loop is in the âclosedâ
conformation with a confined copper center, which could allow for
efficient O2 binding. In addition, the G89 loop remains
in the âclosedâ conformation in the Cu(II)-superoxo
intermediate, which could prevent off-pathway superoxide release via
exchange with the distal aqueous ligand. Finally, at the end of the
reaction cycle, aqueous ligand binding to the distal site could switch
the G89 loop to the âopenâ conformation and facilitate
product release
Distal Hydrophobic Loop Modulates the Copper Active Site and Reaction of AA13 Polysaccharide Monooxygenases
Polysaccharide
monooxygenases (PMOs) use a type-2 copper
center
to activate O2 for the selective hydroxylation of one of
the two CâH bonds of glycosidic linkages. Our electron paramagnetic
resonance (EPR) analysis and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations suggest
the unprecedented dynamic roles of the loop containing the residue
G89 (G89 loop) on the active site structure and reaction cycle of
starch-active PMOs (AA13 PMOs). In the Cu(II) state, the G89 loop
could switch between an âopenâ and âclosedâ
conformation, which is associated with the binding and dissociation
of an aqueous ligand in the distal site, respectively. The conformation
of the G89 loop influences the positioning of the copper center on
the preferred substrate of AA13 PMOs. The dissociation of the distal
ligand results in the bending of the T-shaped core of the Cu(II) active
site, which could help facilitate its reduction to the active Cu(I)
state. In the Cu(I) state, the G89 loop is in the âclosedâ
conformation with a confined copper center, which could allow for
efficient O2 binding. In addition, the G89 loop remains
in the âclosedâ conformation in the Cu(II)-superoxo
intermediate, which could prevent off-pathway superoxide release via
exchange with the distal aqueous ligand. Finally, at the end of the
reaction cycle, aqueous ligand binding to the distal site could switch
the G89 loop to the âopenâ conformation and facilitate
product release