Faktor yang Berhubungan dengan Kecelakaan Lalu Lintas Pengemudi Sepeda Motor di Sumba Barat

Transportation is a very important part of human life. In fact, the existence of a vehicle can improve all human activities in carrying out the occupied routine, but problems arise such as traffic jams and increased traffic accidents. The Minister of Transportation stated that 4 (four) people died every day due to traffic accidents, 72% occurred in Indonesia and 73.9% involved motorbikes. The incident was an indication that motorbikes were the main cause of traffic accidents and contributed the most victims. The traffic accident data of the East Nusa Tenggara POLDA in 2018 showed a trend of increasing traffic accidents in 2018. The level of population mobilization in the legal territory of the West Sumba POLRES is relatively high. Based on the annual report book of West Sumba POLRES in 2018 there have been traffic accidents with 126 cases. The study aims to determine the factors associated with motorcycle driver traffic accidents in the area of West Sumba POLRES in 2019. This type of research is a quantitative study using a cross-sectional study approach. This research was conducted at the West Sumba Police Resort with a sample of 53 people. Analysis of the data used the chi-square statistical test. The results of this study indicate that the factors associated with traffic accidents are age (p = 0.004), behavior (p = 0.008), and lamp conditions (p = 0.005)

Analyse de la structure spatiale des forêts au Katanga

peer reviewe

Germination capacity and seed storage behaviour of threatened metallophytes from the Katanga copper belt (D.R. Congo): Implications for ex situ conservation

peer reviewedBackground and aims - Plant species adapted to metalliferous soil are of high conservation value, and actions for preserving these species (some of them are endemics) are urgent given the threat of mining activities. In the framework of an integrated conservation programme of cuprophytes (plants that tolerate a soil with a high level of copper) in Katanga (D.R.Congo), this study aims at: (1) providing new data on species whose germination has never been studied so far; (2) gaining new insight into the storage behaviour of these species; (3) discussing implications for ex situ conservation of these highly threatened species. Methods - Germination tests were conducted on fresh seeds of nineteen species. These tests were repeated after 6, 12 and 24 months of storage in dry-cold conditions. Key results - Most species kept or increased their germination capacity after 2 years storage in dry-cold conditions. Nine species showed a slight decrease in their viability (from 100% to > 80%) after 2 years storage in dry-cold conditions. The present study gives evidence that at least six of the 19 studied species are desiccation-tolerant (orthodox). Among these, two are strict endemics, Haumaniastrum robertii and Faroa malaissei, and two are broad endemics, Diplolophium marthozianum and Gladiolus robiliartianus. This means that ex situ seed banking of these species could form a useful part of a more comprehensive conservation strategy. Only two species have been identifed as desiccation-sensitive (recalcitrant), i.e. inappropriate for conservation in standard seed bank conditions. An orthodox behaviour has not been ruled out for the other species tested, but their response was less clear and needs further investigation. © 2013 National Botanic Garden of Belgium and Royal Botanical Society of Belgium

The case for investment in tobacco control: lessons from four countries in the Americas

Objective. To synthesize learnings from four national tobacco control investment cases conducted in the Ameri- cas (Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, Suriname) under the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO FCTC) 2030 project, to describe results and how national health authorities have used the cases, and to discuss implications for the role of investment cases in advancing tobacco control. Methods. We draw on findings from four national investment cases that included 1) a cost-of-illness analysis calculating the health and economic burden of tobacco use, 2) a return-on-investment analysis of implement- ing key tobacco control demand reduction measures, and 3) a subsidiary analysis of one tobacco control topic of national interest (e.g., equity implications of cigarette taxation). Co-authors reported how cases have been used to advance tobacco control. Results. In Colombia, Costa Rica, El Salvador, and Suriname, tobacco use causes social and economic losses equivalent to between 1.0 to 1.8 percent of GDP. Across these countries, implementing WHO FCTC demand reduction measures would save an average of 11 400 lives per year over the next 15 years. Benefits of the mea- sures would far outweigh the costs of implementation and enforcement. Governments are using the cases to advance tobacco control, including to improve tobacco control laws and their enforcement, strengthen tobacco taxation, prioritize tobacco control planning, coordinate a multisectoral response, and engage political leaders. Conclusions. National investment cases can help to strengthen tobacco control in countries, including by increasing public and political support for implementation of the WHO FCTC and by informing effective plan- ning, legislation, coordination and financing

Time to establish an international vaccine candidate pool for potential highly infectious respiratory disease: a community's view.

In counteracting highly infectious and disruptive respiratory diseases such as COVID-19, vaccination remains the primary and safest way to prevent disease, reduce the severity of illness, and save lives. Unfortunately, vaccination is often not the first intervention deployed for a new pandemic, as it takes time to develop and test vaccines, and confirmation of safety requires a period of observation after vaccination to detect potential late-onset vaccine-associated adverse events. In the meantime, nonpharmacologic public health interventions such as mask-wearing and social distancing can provide some degree of protection. As climate change, with its environmental impacts on pathogen evolution and international mobility continue to rise, highly infectious respiratory diseases will likely emerge more frequently and their impact is expected to be substantial. How quickly a safe and efficacious vaccine can be deployed against rising infectious respiratory diseases may be the most important challenge that humanity will face in the near future. While some organizations are engaged in addressing the World Health Organization's "blueprint for priority diseases", the lack of worldwide preparedness, and the uncertainty around universal vaccine availability, remain major concerns. We therefore propose the establishment of an international candidate vaccine pool repository for potential respiratory diseases, supported by multiple stakeholders and countries that contribute facilities, technologies, and other medical and financial resources. The types and categories of candidate vaccines can be determined based on information from previous pandemics and epidemics. Each participant country or region can focus on developing one or a few vaccine types or categories, together covering most if not all possible potential infectious diseases. The safety of these vaccines can be tested using animal models. Information for effective candidates that can be potentially applied to humans will then be shared across all participants. When a new pandemic arises, these pre-selected and tested vaccines can be quickly tested in RCTs for human populations

Factors Influencing the Online Buying Behaviour of the Consumer: A Case Study on Students of Marien Ngouabi University

The Republic of Congo is gaining importance as a lucrative market for traders. Since the recent economic revolution, Congolese consumers have recently begun understanding the benefits of using the internet to shop. However, a growing number of internet users have not been reflected in online sales. Therefore, it is important to identify the factors that affect the Republic of Congo in its bid for online shoppers to find a way to promote their online shopping behaviour. The purpose of this study was to identify factors that affect the perception of Republic of Congo consumers about online shopping by investigating Congolese consumer perceptions about online shopping. The tested factors include pre-identified features (Market Motivation, Psychological, personal and social) and specific factors in Congo (Social, Cost, and brand) for this study. The findings suggest that cost and product brand are important factors that influence the consumer's behaviour when shopping online