POPULATION GENETIC DIVERSITY OF CAMELLIA DILINHENSIS ON THE DI LINH PLATEAU OF VIETNAM REVEALED BY ISSR AND SCOT MARKERS

Genetic diversity of naturally distributed Camellia dilinhensis populations on the Di Linh plateau of Vietnam was assessed by the inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) and start codon targeted (SCoT) techniques separately and then by combining data from both techniques for satisfactory results. The genetic diversity parameters and genetic distances among individuals found with the ISSR technique (HeI = 0.1420, II = 0.2092, PPBI = 35.22%, GSCsI = 0.765–0.988, and AGSCI = 0.915) are lower than those found with the SCoT technique (HeS = 0.2100, IS = 0.381, PPBS = 52.27%, GSCsS = 0.644–0.985, and AGSCS = 0.866). Based on the combined data from both techniques, the level of genetic diversity of the investigated population is PPB = 43.77%, He = 0.1720, I = 0.2582, and the genetic similarities among individuals are GSCs = 0.764–0.973 with an average of AGSC = 0.894. The SCoT technique differentiated between individuals better and reflected a higher level of genetic diversity in the population than the ISSR technique, but the ISSR technique revealed more loci in Camellia dilinhensis plants than did the SCoT technique

Geographical variation in morphological leaf traits of Huperzia serrata (lycopodiaceae) from Vietnam

Morphological leaf traits can be used to assess adaptive responses of plants to environmental conditions. To assess how the representation of Huperzia serrata leaf traits, such as leaf length (LL), leaf width (LW) and leaf area (LA) response to changes in mean annual temperature (MAT), sunshine duration (SuH), mean annual precipitation (MAP), air humidity (Hu), intraspecific variation of the morphological leaf traits of the species was analyzed along a geographical gradient of Vietnam. The results showed that among the three populations at the three sites, leaf sizes increased with MAT and MAP. Huperzia serrata, climatic factors, morphological leaf traits, Vietnam.

Load Shedding in Microgrid System with Combination of AHP Algorithm and Hybrid ANN-ACO Algorithm

This paper proposes a new load shedding method based on the application of intelligent algorithms, the process of calculating and load shedding is carried out in two stages. Stage-1 uses a backpropagation neural network to classify faults in the system, thereby determining whether or not to shed the load in that particular case. Stage-2 uses an artificial neural network combined with an ant colony algorithm (ANN-ACO) to determine a load shedding strategy. The AHP algorithm is applied to propose load shedding strategies based on ranking the importance of loads in the system. The proposed method in the article helps to solve the integrated problem of load shedding, classifying the fault to determine whether or not to shedding the load and proposing a correct strategy for shedding the load. The IEEE 25-bus 8-generator power system is used to simulate and test the effectiveness of the proposed method, the results show that the frequency of recovery is good in the allowable range

Universality in odd-even harmonic generation and application in terahertz waveform sampling

Odd-even harmonics emitted from a laser-target system imprint rich, subtle information characterizing the system's dynamical asymmetry, which is desirable to decipher. In this Letter, we discover a simple universal relation between the odd-even harmonics and the asymmetry of the THz-assisted laser-atomic system -- atoms in a fundamental mid-IR laser pulse combined with a THz laser. First, we demonstrate numerically and then analytically formulize the harmonic even-to-odd ratio as a function of the THz electric field, the source of the system's asymmetry. Notably, we suggest a scaling that makes the obtained rule universal, independent of the parameters of both the fundamental pulse and atomic target. This universality facilitates us to propose a general pump-probe scheme for THz waveform sampling from the even-to-odd ratio, measurable within a conventional compact setup

Genetic diversity of Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus K. Komatsu, s. Zhu & S.Q. cai population in western north of vietnam detected by inter simple sequence repeat markers

Panax vietnamensis var. fuscidiscus is a precious medicinal plant which was recently discovered in Sin Ho and Muong Te district, Lai Chau province of Vietnam. Over exploitation of the species in the native habitat poses a serious threat to its existence. Adequate information on the nature and the extent of genetic diversity in this important species is required for developing suitable strategy for its conservation. In this study, inter simple sequence repeat markers were employed to investigate the genetic diversity and variability of 46 individuals belonging to a naturally distributed population of this variety in Vietnam. Genetic diversity at the population level was high (He = 0.2300, I = 0.3665, and PPB = 96.98 %). The group of mature individuals possessed the higher genetic diversity (HeO = 0.2291, IO = 0.3563, and PPBO = 84.34 %) as compared to group of young individuals (HeY = 0.2086, Iy = 0.3291, and PPBY = 81.5 %). The intergroup gene differentiation was high (GST = 0.0499) with the genetic distance among groups was 0.0298. The similarity coefficient among mature individuals was more moderate (Maximum = 0.873, Minimum = 0.614 and Average = 0.741) than among young individuals (Maximum = 0.916, Minimum = 0.596 and Average = 0.759). Otherwise, the number of discovered individuals was small, distribution area is narrow habitats, and the population showed the reduction in genetic diversity due to the human affects in the habitat and over-exploitation. Results on genetic diversity and variability showed that the investigated population has coped with the risk of decline and needed to be protected

Myosin-II proteins are involved in the growth, morphogenesis, and virulence of the human pathogenic fungus Mucor circinelloides

Mucormycosis is an emerging lethal invasive fungal infection. The infection caused by fungi belonging to the order Mucorales has been reported recently as one of the most common fungal infections among COVID-19 patients. The lack of understanding of pathogens, particularly at the molecular level, is one of the reasons for the difficulties in the management of the infection. Myosin is a diverse superfamily of actin-based motor proteins that have various cellular roles. Four families of myosin motors have been found in filamentous fungi, including myosin I, II, V, and fungus-specific chitin synthase with myosin motor domains. Our previous study on Mucor circinelloides, a common pathogen of mucormycosis, showed that the Myo5 protein (ID 51513) belonging to the myosin type V family had a critical impact on the growth and virulence of this fungus. In this study, to investigate the roles of myosin II proteins in M. circinelloides, silencing phenotypes and null mutants corresponding to myosin II encoding genes, designated mcmyo2A (ID 149958) and mcmyo2B (ID 136314), respectively, were generated. Those mutant strains featured a significantly reduced growth rate and impaired sporulation in comparison with the wild-type strain. Notably, the disruption of mcmyo2A led to an almost complete lack of sporulation. Both mutant strains displayed abnormally short, septate, and inflated hyphae with the presence of yeast-like cells and an unusual accumulation of pigment-filled vesicles. In vivo virulence assays of myosin-II mutant strains performed in the invertebrate model Galleria mellonella indicated that the mcmyo2A-knockout strain was avirulent, while the pathogenesis of the mcmyo2B null mutant was unaltered despite the low growth rate and impaired sporulation. The findings provide suggestions for critical contributions of the myosin II proteins to the polarity growth, septation, morphology, pigment transportation, and pathogenesis of M. circinelloides. The findings also implicate the myosin family as a potential target for future therapy to treat mucormycosis

CAMELLIA SINENSIS VAR. MADOENSIS (SECT. THEA, THEACEAE), A NEW TAXON FROM VIETNAM

Camellia sinensis var. madoensis is described and illustrated as a new variety of Camellia sinensis (section Thea, Theaceae) from Xuan Loc Commune, Song Cau District, Phu Yen Province. The new variety is easily distinguishable from C. sinensis var. sinensis by style free ½ to the base. The ITS sequence of this variety is also different from that of Camellia sinensis and its other varieties, while the matK gene sequences are nearly identical among Camellia taxa

Required flows for aquatic ecosystems in Ma River, Vietnam

Ecological flow requirements for the Ma River in dry season were assessed in three reaches of Ma – Buoi, Ma – Len and Ma – Chu. 5 indictor fish species was chosen based on biodiversity survey and roles of those species in aquatic ecosystem as well as local communities. Biological and hydrological data (dry season of 2016- 2017) and 35 year recorded hydrological data were collected and analyzed as input data for a physical habitat model River HYdraulic and HABitat SImulation Model – RHYHABSIM. Model results shown that the optimal flows of the reaches were very much higher compare with the minimum annual low flow - MALF. In this study, MALF7day were applied to calculate the recommended minimum flows of the three reaches. The recommended required minimum flows for Ma – Buoi, Ma – Len and Ma – Chu reaches were 51 m3/s, 49 m3/s and 61 m3/s, respectively. It must be stressed that this study only assessed whether or not there is enough habitat available for the river to sustain a healthy ecosystem

CAMELLIA SINENSIS VAR. MADOENSIS (SECT. THEA, THEACEAE), A NEW TAXON FROM VIETNAM

Camellia sinensis var. madoensis is described and illustrated as a new variety of Camellia sinensis (section Thea, Theaceae) from Xuan Loc Commune, Song Cau District, Phu Yen Province. The new variety is easily distinguishable from C. sinensis var. sinensis by style free ½ to the base. The ITS sequence of this variety is also different from that of Camellia sinensis and its other varieties, while the matK gene sequences are nearly identical among Camellia taxa.Camellia sinensis var. madoensis được mô tả và minh họa với vai trò là một thứ mới của Camellia sinensis (section Thea, Theaceae) ghi nhận tại xã Xuân Lộc, huyện Sông Cầu, tỉnh Phú Yên. Thứ mới này có thể dễ dàng phân biệt với C. sinensis var. sinensis bởi vòi nhụy rời ½ tính từ đế. Trình tự ITS của thứ này cũng khác với Camellia sinensis và các thứ khác của nó

Rifampicin tolerance and growth fitness among isoniazid-resistant clinical Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates: an in-vitro longitudinal study.

Antibiotic tolerance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis leads to less effective bacterial killing, poor treatment responses and resistant emergence. There is limited understanding of antibiotic tolerance in clinical isolates of M. tuberculosis . Therefore, we investigated the rifampicin tolerance of M. tuberculosis isolates, with or without pre-existing isoniazid-resistance. In-vitro rifampicin survival fractions determined by minimum duration of killing assay in isoniazid susceptible (n=119) and resistant (n=84) M. tuberculosis isolates. Rifampicin tolerance was correlated with bacterial growth, rifampicin minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and isoniazid-resistant mutations. The longitudinal isoniazid-resistant isolates were analyzed for rifampicin tolerance based on collection time from patients and associated emergence of genetic variants. The median duration of rifampicin exposure reducing the M. tuberculosis surviving fraction by 90% (minimum duration of killing-MDK90) increased from 1.23 (95%CI 1.11; 1.37) and 1.31 (95%CI 1.14; 1.48) to 2.55 (95%CI 2.04; 2.97) and 1.98 (95%CI 1.69; 2.56) days, for IS and IR respectively, during 15 to 60 days of incubation respectively. Increase in MDK90 time indicated the presence of fast and slow growing tolerant sub-populations. A range of 6 log 10 -fold survival fraction enabled classification of tolerance as low, medium or high and revealed isoniazid-resistance association with increased tolerance with faster growth (OR=2.68 for low vs. medium, OR=4.42 for low vs. high, P -trend=0.0003). The high tolerance in longitudinal isoniazid-resistant isolates was specific to those collected during rifampicin treatment in patients and associated with bacterial genetic microvariants. Our study identifies a range of rifampicin tolerance and reveals that isoniazid resistance is associated with higher tolerance with growth fitness. Furthermore, rifampicin treatment may select isoniazid-resistant isolate microvariants with higher rifampicin tolerance, with survival potential similar to multi-drug resistant isolates. These findings suggest that isoniazid-resistant tuberculosis needs to be evaluated for rifampicin tolerance or needs further improvement in treatment regimen