Own-consumption PV system for a coffee shop

Solar energy is becoming popular for building integrated applications. Based on this, the idea of my thesis is to design of an own-consumption photovoltaic system for a coffee shop located in Valladolid, Spain. Grid connected photovoltaic system is simulated using the PVsyst V6.62 software. There will be a comparison among numerous of simulations to find the most ideal power for the coffee shop and the optimal tilt for the PV modules in order to bring back the maximum savings for the owner. In summary, the coffee shop consumes approximately 99116 kWh per year. The user’s need is covered by both the PV system and the grid. In one year, the PV system will generate 57.7 MWh, including 45.3 MWh is supplied to the user and 12.3 MWh is the excess energy will be injected to the grid. The lack of energy is taken from the grid with 53.8 MWh. The PV system comprises 96 PV modules, together with one triphased inverter connected to a grid. Performance ratio of the system is about 87.07% due to several losses from irradiation, PV modules, inverter, wirings, etc. The economical evaluation, the pros and cons when using the own-consumption photovoltaic system is also suggested in this study.Departamento de Ingeniería EléctricaGrado en Ingeniería Eléctric

Physical Modeling of Dust Polarization from Magnetically Enhanced Radiative Torque (MRAT) Alignment in Protostellar Cores with POLARIS

Magnetic fields ($\textbf{B}$) are an important factor that controls the star formation process. The leading method to observe $\textbf{B}$ is using polarized thermal emission from dust grains aligned with $\textbf{B}$. However, in dense environments such as protostellar cores, dust grains may have inefficient alignment due to strong gas randomizations, so that using dust polarization to trace $\textbf{B}$ is uncertain. Hoang $\&$ Lazarian (2016) demonstrated that the grain alignment by RAdiative Torques is enhanced if dust grains contain embedded iron inclusions. Here we extend POLARIS code to study the effect of iron inclusions on grain alignment and thermal dust polarization toward a protostellar core, assuming uniform magnetic fields. We found that paramagnetic grains produce a low polarization degree of $p \sim 1\%$ in the envelope and negligible $p \ll 1\%$ in the central region due to the loss of grain alignment. In contrast, grains with a high level of iron inclusions can have perfect alignment and produce high $p \sim 40\%$ in the envelope and low $p \leq 10\%$ in the central region. Grains with a moderate level of iron inclusions induce the polarization flipping from $\textbf{P}$ $\parallel$ $\textbf{B}$ at millimeter to $\textbf{P}$ $\perp$ $\textbf{B}$ at submillimeter due to the change in the internal alignment caused by slow internal relaxation. The weak alignment of very large grains of $a \geq 10\mu m$ reduces the polarization by dichroic extinction at submillimeter wavelengths. We found a positive correlation between p and the level of iron inclusions, which opens a new window to constrain the abundance of irons locked in dust through dust polarimetry.Comment: 35 pages, 25 figure

Ranking load in microgrid based on fuzzy analytic hierarchy process and technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution algorithm for load shedding problem

This paper proposes a method to rank the loads in the microgrid by means of a weight that combines the criteria together in terms of both technical and economic aspects. The fuzzy analytic hierarchy process technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (fuzzy AHP TOPSIS) algorithm is used to calculate this combined weight. The criteria to be considered are load importance factor (LIF), voltage electrical distance (VED) and voltage sensitivity index (VSI). The fuzzy algorithm helps to fuzzy the judgment matrix of the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method, making it easier to compare objects with each other and remove the uncertainty of the AHP method. The technique for order of preference by similarity to ideal solution (TOPSIS) algorithm is used to normalize the decision matrix, determine the positive and negative ideal solutions to calculate the index of proximity to the ideal solution, and finally rank all the alternatives. The combination of fuzzy AHP and TOPSIS algorithms is the optimal combination for decision making and ranking problems in a multi-criteria environment. The 19-bus microgrid system is applied to calculate and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method

An Extended RFM Model for Customer Behaviour and Demographic Analysis in Retail Industry

Background: Customer segmentation has become one of the most innovative ways which help businesses adopt appropriate marketing campaigns and reach targeted customers. The RFM model and machine learning combination have been widely applied in various areas. Motivations: With the rapid increase of transactional data, the RFM model can accurately segment customers and provide deeper insights into customers’ purchasing behaviour. However, the traditional RFM model is limited to 3 variables, Recency, Frequency and Monetary, without revealing segments based on demographic features. Meanwhile, the contribution of demographic characteristics to marketing strategies is extremely important. Methods/Approach: The article proposed an extended RFMD model (D-Demographic) with a combination of behavioural and demographic variables. Customer segmentation can be performed effectively using the RFMD model, K-Means, and K-Prototype algorithms. Results: The extended model is applied to the retail dataset, and the experimental result shows 5 clusters with different features. The effectiveness of the new model is measured by the Adjusted Rand Index and Adjusted Mutual Information. Furthermore, we use Cohort analysis to analyse customer retention rates and recommend marketing strategies for each segment. Conclusions: According to the evaluation, the proposed RMFD model was deployed with stable results created by two clustering algorithms. Businesses can apply this model to deeply understand customer behaviour with their demographics and launch efficient campaigns

XÁC ĐỊNH TẦNG CHỨA VÀ QUAN TRẮC BIẾN ĐỘNG MÔI TRƢỜNG NƢỚC DƢỚI ĐẤT TẠI KHU CÔNG NGHIỆP BẮC THĂNG LONG - QUANG MINH, HÀ NỘI BẰNG PHƢƠNG PHÁP ĐỊA VẬT LÝ THỦY VĂN

Geophysical  methods  were  applied  for  hydrogeological  targets  in  many  countries  including  Vietnam.  This  paper resents  results  of  using  complex  geophysical  techniques  as  well  as  2D  electrical  resistivity  imaging  (ERI),  vertical electrical  sounding  (VES),  very  low  frequency  (VLF)  and  seismic  refraction  for  geological  structure  investigation  to aquifers locate and to assess of hydrogeological condition for groundwater potential in North Thanglong and Quangminh industrial zones, Hanoi, Vietnam. The locations of two aquifers are determined by their depth and thickness on the basis of resistivity and seismic velocity values which were proved by stratifications of three boreholes to 40-60m of depth on study area. There are connecting from surface water to shallow aquifer by hydraulic windows from VLF data. The deeper aquifer can be considered as potential groundwater for supplying in the area. Groundwater level, electrical conductivity and  water  temperature  were  measured  in  six  monitoring  wells,  complemented  by  anion,  cation  and  stable  isotope analyses of ground and surface water. This study also reviews, compiles and comprehensively analyzes spatiotemporal variations of hydrological and hydrogeological characteristics of shallow and deep groundwater aquifers in area and in nearby Red River water. The results show that groundwater in both shallow and deep aquifers was fresh, but mainly calcium-bicarbonate type. With the goal of devising sustainable water use regulations, more research must be directed toward long-term monitoring of groundwater and surface water quality, as well as toward detailed investigation of the hydraulic characteristics of local aquifers in the study area.ReferencesAGI, 2003. The SuperSting with Swift automatic resistivity and IP system instruction manual, Advanced Geosciences, Inc., Austin, Texas, U.S.A.Lê Đức An, 1996. 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Proceedings of the International Symposium on Environment and Injure for Community Health Caused by Pollution during the Urbanization and Industrialization. Hanoi Dec. 28-29, 2002. VNU Hanoi, p.55-69.P. Derecke, 1980. The generalized reciprocal method of seismic refraction interpretation, Society of Exploration Geophysicists, 104. Nguyễn Địch Dỹ, 1998. Nghiên cứu quy luật địa tầng Đệ Tứ ở Việt Nam và một số đề xuất. TC. Các KH về TĐ, T.20, (4), 258-265. Fagin S.W., 1991. Seismic modelling of geologic structures: Applications to Exploration problems. Geophysical Development, V. 2, SEG, 3-92. N.V. Giang, T.D. Nam, M. Bano, 2012. Groundwater investigation on sand dunes area in southern part of Vietnam by Magnetic Resonance Sounding, Acta  Geophysica vol. 60, no. 1, 157-172 DOI: 10.2478/s11600-011-0064-7. N. V. Giang, 2005. Application of Geophysical Methods for Engineering Geology in Vietnam. Advances in Natural Sciences, vol. 5, no. 3, 325-332. Nguyễn Văn Giảng, 1998. 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Hori K., Tanabe S., Saito Y., Haruyama S., Viet N., Kitamura A., 2004. Delta initiation and Holocene sea-level change: Example from the Red river delta, Vietnam. Sed. Geol., 164, 237-249. Hubbard S.S., Rubin Y., 2000. Hydrogeological parameter estimation using geophysical data: a review of selected techniques. J. of Contaminant Hydrology 45, 3-34. Hubbard S.S., Rubin Y.,Majer E., 1999. Spatial Correlation Structure Estimation Using Geophysical and Hydrogeological Data. Water Resources Research, 35, 1809-1825. Karous  M.,  Hjelt S.E., 1983. Linear  filtering  of  VLF  dip-angle measurements. Geophysical Prospecting, 31, 782-894. Keller G.V. and Frischknecht F.C., 1966. Electrical methods in geoelectric prospecting, Pergamon Press, Inc., 517. Loke. M. H., 2004. Tutoral: 2-D and 3-D electrical imaging survey. Trần Nghi, Ngô Quang Toàn, 1991. Đặc điểm chu kỳ trầm tích và lịch sử tiến hóa địa chất Đệ Tứ của châu thổ Sông Hồng, Tạp chí Địa chất số 206-207, tr. 65-77. Ogilvy, R.D. and Lee, A.C., 1991. Interpretation of VLF-EM in-phase data using current density pseudo-sections. Geophysical Prospecting, 39, 567-580. Owen, S.J.; Jones, N.L., and Holland, J.P., 1996. A comprehensive modeling environment for the simulation of groundwater flow and transport. Engineering with Computers 12 (3-4), 235-242. doi:10.1007/BF01198737. F. F. Pedersen, N.V. Giang, 2002. Saltwater Intrusion in Aquifer-TEM Mapping around Gialoc-Haiduong, Vietnam. Advances in Natural Sciences, Vol.3, No.3, 289-295.Pham V. N., D. Boyer, N. T. K. Thoa,  N.V.Giang, 1994. Deep Ground water Investigation in South Vietnam by Combined VES/MTS Methods, Ground Water, vol.32, N.4, July-August, 675-683. Rangin C, Klein M, Roques D, Le Pichon X and Trang L V, 1995. The Red river fault system in the Tonkin Gulf, Vietnam. Tectonophysics, 243; 209-222. Rubin Y. and Hubbard S.S, 2005. Hydrogeophysics, Series: Water Science and Technology Library, Springer, Vol. 50, 523. Sandberg S.K., Slater L.D., Versteeg R., 2002. An integrated geophysical investigation of the hydrogeology of an anisotropic unconfined aquifer. J. of Hydrology. 267, 227-243. Telford, W.M.; L.P. Geldart, R.E. Sheriff, 1990. Applied Geophysics (2nd ed.), 480. Vickery A., Hobbs B.A., 2003. Resistivity imaging to determine clay cover and permeable units at an ex-industrial site. Near Surface Geophys., 1, 21-30. WTO, 2004. Guidelines for drinking water quality; Training Pack, WTO, Geneva, Switzerland.  Geophysical  methods  were  applied  for  hydrogeological  targets  in  many  countries  including  Vietnam.  This  paper presents  results  of  using  complex  geophysical  techniques  as  well  as  2D  electrical  resistivity  imaging  (ERI),  vertical electrical  sounding  (VES),  very  low  frequency  (VLF)  and  seismic  refraction  for  geological  structure  investigation  to aquifers locate and to assess of hydrogeological condition for groundwater potential in North Thanglong and Quangminh industrial zones, Hanoi, Vietnam. The locations of two aquifers are determined by their depth and thickness on the basis of resistivity and seismic velocity values which were proved by stratifications of three boreholes to 40-60m of depth on study area. There are connecting from surface water to shallow aquifer by hydraulic windows from VLF data. The deeper aquifer can be considered as potential groundwater for supplying in the area. Groundwater level, electrical conductivity and  water  temperature  were  measured  in  six  monitoring  wells,  complemented  by  anion,  cation  and  stable  isotope analyses of ground and surface water. This study also reviews, compiles and comprehensively analyzes spatiotemporal variations of hydrological and hydrogeological characteristics of shallow and deep groundwater aquifers in area and in nearby Red River water. The results show that groundwater in both shallow and deep aquifers was fresh, but mainly calcium-bicarbonate type. With the goal of devising sustainable water use regulations, more research must be directed toward long-term monitoring of groundwater and surface water quality, as well as toward detailed investigation of the hydraulic characteristics of local aquifers in the study are

Studying Magnetic Fields and Dust in M17 Using Polarized Thermal Dust Emission Observed by SOFIA/HAWC

We report on the highest spatial resolution measurement to date of magnetic fields (B-fields) in M17 using thermal dust polarization measurements taken by SOFIA/HAWC+ centered at a wavelength of 154 μm. Using the Davis–Chandrasekhar–Fermi method, in which the polarization angle dispersion calculated using the structure function technique is the quantity directly observed by SOFIA/HAWC+, we found the presence of strong B-fields of 980 ± 230 and 1665 ± 885 μG in the lower-density M17-N and higher-density M17-S regions, respectively. The B-field morphology in M17-N possibly mimics the fields in gravitationally collapsing molecular cores, while in M17-S the fields run perpendicular to the density structure. M17-S also displays a pillar feature and an asymmetric large-scale hourglass-shaped field. We use the mean B-field strengths to determine Alfvénic Mach numbers for both regions, finding that B-fields dominate over turbulence. We calculate the mass-to-flux ratio, λ, finding λ = 0.07 for M17-N and 0.28 for M17-S. These subcritical λ values are consistent with the lack of massive stars formed in M17. To study dust physics, we analyze the relationship between dust polarization fraction, p, emission intensity, I, gas column density, N(H2), polarization angle dispersion function, S, and dust temperature, T d. p decreases with intensity as I −α with α = 0.51. p tends to first increase with T d, but then decreases at higher T d. The latter feature, seen in M17-N at high T d when N(H2) and S decrease, is evidence of the radiative torque disruption effect

Prevalence of Opisthorchis viverrini-like fluke infection in ducks in Binh Dinh Province, Central Vietnam

Following the first report of Opisthorchis viverrini infection in a domestic duck in Phu My District of Binh Dinh Province, Central Vietnam, many other cases were observed in the province. We determined the infection rate and intensity of O. viverrini infection in ducks in 4 districts of the province. A total of 178 ducks were randomly selected from 34 farms for examination of flukes in the liver and gall bladder. An infection rate of 34.3% (range 20.7-40.4% among districts) was found; the intensity of infection was 13.8 worms per infected duck (range 1-100). These findings show the role of ducks as a host for O. viverrini, duck genotype, which is sympatric with the human O. viverrini genotype in this province. It also stresses the need for investigations on the zoonotic potential and the life cycle of this parasite

Nanomaterial for Adjuvants Vaccine: Practical Applications and Prospects

Vaccines contain adjuvants to strengthen the immune responses of the receiver against pathogen infection or malignancy. A new generation of adjuvants is being developed to give more robust antigen-specific responses, specific types of immune responses, and a high margin of safety. By changing the physical and chemical properties of nanomaterials, it is possible to make antigen-delivery systems with high bioavailability, controlled and sustained release patterns, and the ability to target and image. Nanomaterials can modulate the immune system so that cellular and humoral immune responses more closely resemble those desired. The use of nanoparticles as adjuvants is believed to significantly improve the immunological outcomes of vaccination because of the combination of their immunomodulatory and delivery effects. In this review, we discuss the recent developments in new adjuvants using nanomaterials. Based on three main vaccines, the subunit, DNA, and RNA vaccines, the possible ways that nanomaterials change the immune responses caused by vaccines, such as a charge on the surface or a change to the surface, and how they affect the immunological results have been studied. This study aims to provide succinct information on the use of nanomaterials for COVID-19 vaccines and possible new applications