The Language and Literacy Practices of English Language Learners (ELLs) in a Philadelphia High School: The Hyphenated Experiences of Immigrant Students in Content Area Classrooms

This multiple case study results from an ethnographic immersion in a local public high school, focusing on English language learners (ELLs) in content area classrooms. The primary goals were to 1) explore the language and literacy practices of ELLs within this setting, 2) gain an understanding of the complexity and multiplicity of the learners\u27 schooling experiences, and 3) discuss implications pertaining to practice and research. Four focal students, each from a different country and each with different home or first languages, are discussed to provide a nuanced perspective of immigrant and refugee students. Importantly, the theoretical framework of hyphenated reality and interlanguage contributed to uncovering the ELLs\u27 subterranean layers. The study was informed by qualitative research methodologies, including critical ethnography. Data collection namely included field observations in classrooms, interviews with students and teachers, and student work. Within-case and cross-case analysis was conducted through a general inductive analysis approach. Major findings include the need to view ELLs as theory constructors, who form sophisticated notions regarding second language acquisition and the linguistic features of the English language, given their unique position as learners of another language and their heightened metalinguistic awareness. ELLs also theorize schooling and act as rational agents within the structure of school. They enter school with a logical agenda and, according to their observations and experiences, adjust themselves and devise strategies for performing school. Finally, the concept of the micro-macro dialectic grew empirically from this study, thereby building upon existing scholarship. The micro-macro dialectic calls for intentionally juxtaposing a larger, contextual layer to understanding ELLs, such that their personal narratives become enriched by official facts and vice versa. This framework also complicates dichotomies that have been established to categorize students, academic fields, and pedagogical ideologies, such as the notion of ELLs compared to bilingual/multilingual learners. These supposedly irreconcilable differences exist in the academy and in theory but do not hold up in the hyphenated experiences of learners

The impacts of market economy on social Relations: a perspective from household Pottery production in Lai Thieu, Binh Duong Province, South Vietnam

Produksi dan kerajinan keramik yang berkembang pesat di Lai Thieu, Vietnam, tidak terlepas dari kedatangan para imigran dari Cina pada abad ke- 1 9. Perusahaan keramik dapat dibedakan menjadi lima, yaitu perusahaan milik negara, patungan, swasta, perseroan terbatas, dan rumah tangga. Kebanyakan perusahaan keramik di Lai Thieu berkembang menjadi perusahaan modern karena perkembangan teknologi dan keharusan berkompetisi dengan produsen lain. Dart sisi manajemen, ada perubahan dari manajemen keluarga ke arah manajemen yang Iebih maju dan terbuka. Perkawinan antara etnis Cinadan wargaVietnam memungkinkan perusahaan keramik yang semula bersifat tertutup menjadi semakin terbuka dan kompetitif. Kata Kunci : keramik, imigran, manajemen, perkawinan campur, perkembangan kompetiti

Cost-effectiveness analysis of vaccinating children in Malawi with RTS,S vaccines in comparison with long-lasting insecticide-treated nets

BACKGROUND: New RTS,S malaria vaccines may soon be licensed, yet its cost-effectiveness is unknown. Before the widespread introduction of RTS,S vaccines, cost-effectiveness studies are needed to help inform governments in resource-poor settings about how best to prioritize between the new vaccine and existing malaria interventions. METHODS: A Markov model simulated malaria progression in a hypothetical Malawian birth cohort. Parameters were based on published data. Three strategies were compared: no intervention, vaccination at one year, and long-lasting, insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) at birth. Both health service and societal perspectives were explored. Health outcomes were measured in disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) averted and costed in 2012 US$. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratios (ICERs) were calculated and extensive sensitivity analyses were conducted. Three times GDP per capita ($1,095) per DALY averted was used for a cost-effectiveness threshold, whilst one times GDP ($365) was considered ‘very cost-effective’. RESULTS: From a societal perspective the vaccine strategy was dominant. It averted 0.11 more DALYs than LLINs and 0.372 more DALYs than the no intervention strategy per person, while costing$10.04 less than LLINs and $59.74 less than no intervention. From a health service perspective the vaccine’s ICER was$145.03 per DALY averted, and thus can be considered very cost-effective. The results were robust to changes in all variables except the vaccine and LLINs’ duration of efficacy. Vaccines remained cost-effective even at the lowest assumed efficacy levels of 49.6% (mild malaria) and 14.2% (severe malaria), and the highest price of $15. However, from a societal perspective, if the vaccine duration efficacy was set below 2.69 years or the LLIN duration of efficacy was greater than 4.24 years then LLINs became the more cost-effective strategy. CONCLUSION: The results showed that vaccinating Malawian children with RTS,S vaccines was very cost-effective from both a societal and a health service perspective. This result was robust to changes in most variables, including vaccine price and vaccine efficacy, but was sensitive to the duration of efficacy of the vaccine and LLINs. Given the best evidence currently available, vaccines can be considered as a very cost-effective component of Malawi’s future malaria control programmes. However, long-term follow-up studies on both interventions are needed

Insights into the magnetic origin of CunCr (n= 9÷11) clusters: A superposition of magnetic and electronic shells

Interests in Cu-Cr sub-nanometer systems have been increasing due to the recently-found icosahedral Cu12Cr cluster as a superatomic molecule, where the 3d-Cr and 4s-Cu electrons can phenomenologically form the 18-e molecular shell (1S21P61D10) of Cu12Cr. In this report, we set out to investigate the energetically-preferred geometries and stabilities of CunCr (n = 9÷11) clusters using the density-functional-theory calculations. It is found that not all of 3d-Cr electrons involve in the formation of the cluster shell and the remaining localized ones cause the magnetic moment of the clusters, which is different from what was believed

Residue of Selected Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPs) in Soil of Some Areas in Vietnam

This chapter evaluates the contamination of selected persistent organic pollutants (S-POPs) in soil of some typical areas in Vietnam (mangrove forest, industrial, and urban areas in northern part). S-POPs are composed of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The collected data and analyzed results indicated the wide occurrence of significant S-POPs residues in study areas. The main sources of S-POPs are discussed by using composition analyses and diagnostic ratios of S-POPs indicator. Risk assessment of S-POPs in soil is assessed by using the guidance of the US Environmental Protection Agency. The obtained results have contributed to assess the S-POPs fate in the soil environment in Vietnam

The Improvement Model of Navigational Safety for Inland Waterway Transport

This paper aims at evaluating navigational safety for inland waterway transport (IWT). In doing so, the literature and operational features of IWT were initially reviewed to figure out risk elements (REs) influencing the navigational safety for IWT. After that, a fuzzy Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) approach was adopted to estimate the weight for the likelihood and consequence measures of REs. Then, continuous risk matrix (RM) was introduced to identify REs\u27 risk level. Lastly, to test the proposed research model\u27s applicability, IWT operators across Vietnam were empirically surveyed. The empirical findings could be useful for IWT operators in launching managerial policies to boost their navigational safety. Furthermore, the proposed risk evaluation framework may serve as a methodological reference in relevant literature

The Improvement Model of Navigational Safety for Inland Waterway Transport

This paper aims at evaluating navigational safety for inland waterway transport (IWT). In doing so, the literature and operational features of IWT were initially reviewed to figure out risk elements (REs) influencing the navigational safety for IWT. After that, a fuzzy Analytic Hierarchical Process (AHP) approach was adopted to estimate the weight for the likelihood and consequence measures of REs. Then, continuous risk matrix (RM) was introduced to identify REs\u27 risk level. Lastly, to test the proposed research model\u27s applicability, IWT operators across Vietnam were empirically surveyed. The empirical findings could be useful for IWT operators in launching managerial policies to boost their navigational safety. Furthermore, the proposed risk evaluation framework may serve as a methodological reference in relevant literature

PREPARATION OF ORAL CURCUMIN DELIVERY FROM 3D-NANO-CELLULOSE NETWORKS MATERIAL PRODUCED BY ACETOBACTER XYLINUM USING OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE

Objective: To prepare oral curcumin delivery and optimize curcumin loading of 3D-nano-cellulose networks material (3DCM) by looking into the impact of process variables on the response utilizing response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design. Methods: Optimization of curcumin loading of 3DCM was conducted using RSM and Box-Behnken model. Impact of four independent variables, including, the concentration of curcumin (X1), temperature (X2), shaking speed (X3), and time of loading (X4), was studied on one dependent response, that is, an amount of loaded curcumin (Y). Characterization of optimized 3DCM including curcumin was examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis . Results: R2 value for Y was approximately 0.94. X1 possessed the biggest positive impact compared to X2, X3 and X4. Optimized conditions for curcumin loading of 3DCM were X1 at 3 mg/ml, X2 at 40 °C, X3 at 120 rpm and X4 at 120 min. SEM photograph of 3DCM surfaces were found including fibers creating a 3D network structure. FTIR spectra studies depicted that there was no interaction between curcumin and 3DCM. Conclusion: The data obtained in this study thus suggest that curcumin loaded 3DCM was successfully fabricated to give a potential oral delivery system of curcumin

Hopf algebras and alternating multiple zeta values in positive characteristic

In \cite{IKLNDP23} we presented a systematic study of algebra structures of multiple zeta values in positive characteristic introduced by Thakur as analogues of classical multiple zeta values of Euler. In this paper we construct algebra and Hopf algebra structures of alternating multiple zeta values introduced by Harada, extending our previous work. Our results could be considered as an analogue of those of Hoffman \cite{Hof00} and Racinet \cite{Rac02} in the classical setting. The proof is based on two new ingredients: the first one is a direct and explicit construction of the shuffle Hopf algebra structure, and the second one is the notion of horizontal maps.Comment: 37 pages. arXiv admin note: text overlap with arXiv:2301.0590