Determinants of Capital Structure in the Presence of Supply Chain Activities of Listed Construction Firms in Vietnam

The study aims to identify the capital structure determinants in the presence of the supply chain of the listed construction firms in Vietnam. The determinants of capital structure are factors affecting firm financial leverage, including firm profitability, size, growth rate, fixed assets, liquidity, interest coverage and state ownership along with the supply chain activities. The study is based on a data of 53 listed construction firms in the Hanoi and Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange over the period 2014-2018. The results indicated that the supply chain activities along with other determinants except profits and liquidity have a positive association with the capital structure of the listed construction firm in Vietnam. These findings guided to the policymakers that they should enhance the intensions towards the determinant of the capital structure along with supply chain activities to improve the organizational performance.

Forest - Related Culture and Contribution to Sustainable Development in the Northern Mountain Region in Vietnam

The culture of communities living near/in forests indelibly interacts with forest ecosystems, both shaping and adapting to the natural environment. Forest-related cultural dimensions also provide benefits for local economies and social welfare. This study analyses the relationship between local culture and forests of the Tay and the Dao minorities and their contribution to sustainable development in Vo Nhai, a mountainous district in northern Vietnam. The study uses methods of a literature review, participant observation and qualitative interviews with local people. The strong embedded culture with forests that developed over many generations of Tay and Dao people was expressed through their knowledge systems of understanding nature, skills for environmental adaption, health protection and spiritual and recreational activities. The potentials of forest - related culture as a feature of local sustainable development were analysed through contributions in natural resource conservation, economic development and social cohesion. To integrate forest - related culture in sustainable development, some issues need to be better focused on the locality

CARE Rapid Gender Analysis for COVID-19

Vietnam reported its first known case of COVID-19 on 23 January 2020. As of 19 May, the country had 324 confirmed cases, with 263 recoveries and no deaths. In Vietnam, COVID-19 presents a range of contextual challenges including high numbers of migrant workers, high numbers of employees in the garment industry, many people working in the informal sector, and linguistically and culturally diverse ethnic minorities. The impacts of COVID-19 on vulnerable groups, such as migrant workers, informal workers, garment factory workers, and ethnic minorities are further marginalising these groups, exacerbating poverty and inequality and increasing their exposure to other social, economic and protection risks. Women in Vietnam have historically been underrepresented in public decision-making processes, a trend that is reflected in high-level decision-making structures on COVID-19. This means that even as women are disproportionately affected by the crisis, they have less say in how their country should respond to it

CARE Rapid Gender Analysis for COVID-19 VIETNAM

Vietnam reported its first known case of COVID-19 on 23 January 2020. As of 19 May, the country had 324 confirmed cases, with 263 recoveries and no deaths. In Vietnam, COVID-19 presents a range of contextual challenges including high numbers of migrant workers, high numbers of employees in the garment industry, many people working in the informal sector, and linguistically and culturally diverse ethnic minorities. The impacts of COVID-19 on vulnerable groups, such as migrant workers, informal workers, garment factory workers, and ethnic minorities are further marginalising these groups, exacerbating poverty and inequality and increasing their exposure to other social, economic and protection risks

Criminal Justice Responses to Trafficking in Persons

Human trafficking is a domestic and transnational crime that poses complex law enforcement challenges to all nations. Vietnam is particularly affected due to rapid growth in labour migration and international tourism. The presumption of law makers is that by improving the criminal justice response to trafficking in persons (TIP), its incidence within the country and beyond its borders will decrease. Inherent in this premise is the assumption that strong legal sanctions deter would-be traffickers. This paper describes Vietnam’s criminal justice responses to human trafficking with reference to the legal framework and institutions. Barriers and challenges in implementing the ASEAN Convention on Trafficking in Persons (ACTIP), and the underlying reasons why the current response is inadequate in addressing TIP are identified with a focus on issues associated with victims and trials. The paper argues that Vietnam needs to increase efforts to meet its obligations and standards as set out in the United Nation’s Recommended Principles and Guideline on Human Rights and Human Trafficking and ACTIP. In particular, prosecution of traffickers and the protection of victims need to be prioritised.    Keywords: Human Trafficking, Human Rights, Labor Migration, Criminal Justice, Vietna

PREPARATION OF ORAL CURCUMIN DELIVERY FROM 3D-NANO-CELLULOSE NETWORKS MATERIAL PRODUCED BY ACETOBACTER XYLINUM USING OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE

Objective: To prepare oral curcumin delivery and optimize curcumin loading of 3D-nano-cellulose networks material (3DCM) by looking into the impact of process variables on the response utilizing response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design. Methods: Optimization of curcumin loading of 3DCM was conducted using RSM and Box-Behnken model. Impact of four independent variables, including, the concentration of curcumin (X1), temperature (X2), shaking speed (X3), and time of loading (X4), was studied on one dependent response, that is, an amount of loaded curcumin (Y). Characterization of optimized 3DCM including curcumin was examined by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis . Results: R2 value for Y was approximately 0.94. X1 possessed the biggest positive impact compared to X2, X3 and X4. Optimized conditions for curcumin loading of 3DCM were X1 at 3 mg/ml, X2 at 40 °C, X3 at 120 rpm and X4 at 120 min. SEM photograph of 3DCM surfaces were found including fibers creating a 3D network structure. FTIR spectra studies depicted that there was no interaction between curcumin and 3DCM. Conclusion: The data obtained in this study thus suggest that curcumin loaded 3DCM was successfully fabricated to give a potential oral delivery system of curcumin

Asian Values and Human Rights: A Vietnamese Perspective

This paper examines the impact of the ideology of ‘Asian Values' on the legal norms and practices that frame the recognition and protection of human rights in Vietnam. Specifically, the paper focusses on the extent to which Asian Values has been deployed to discourage the adoption of international human rights norms and practices in the context of Vietnam’s rapid economic development since the mid- 1980s. The paper first sketches the adoption of Asian Values in Vietnam’s politics and society. Cultural and political factors that have shaped the conception of human rights are reviewed. Human rights language and norms, as manifest in political ideologies, policies and laws are then analysed, with particular reference to the different versions of Vietnam’s Constitution. It is shown that both the Communist Party of Vietnam (CPV) and the State of Vietnam have clearly articulated Asian Values in formulating their conceptions of human rights. This outcome is argued to result from the fact that Vietnamese political leaders, alike with Lee Kwan Yew in Singapore, the progenitor of Asian Rights, have been strongly influenced by Confucian ideals of governance. Confucianism is not, however, the only basis for political ideas in Vietnam. Although Vietnam is a market economy it remains a one- party state  controlled  by  the  CPV.  The  Marxist-Leninist  principles  on  which the current State of Vietnam was based at its inception in 1975 remain intact. This ideology was however layered onto generations of collectivist principles embodied in the dominant agrarian society. The influence of Asian Values, on the recognition of and support for human rights in Vietnam has, however, been largely negative rather than positive, especially in relation to recognising civil and political rights as codified in universal human rights instruments. Thus, the protection and promotion of human rights in Vietnam, going forward, essentially mandates eliminating the influence of Asian Values in the ideology of political leaders and in the wider society. Key words: Human rights, Asian Values, democracy, constitution, Communist Party, Vietna

Рудопроявление Суой Кун как пример потенциальной золото-сульфидной минерализации карлин-типа в северо-восточном Вьетнаме

The territory of the northeast of Vietnam is the most important region of the country in terms of metallogeny, especially for precious and non-ferrous metals. A large number of Au, Pb, Zn, Sb, Hg, and Ni-Cu-PGE deposits are located in this territory, regionally confined to the southwestern margin of the South China Block. This region is located northeast of the Red River Shear Zone, which marks the boundary between two large geoblocks. The Song Hien rift basin is an important metallogenic region of northeastern Vietnam and extends for more than 200 km in the NW-SE direction, up to the state border with China. On the adjacent territory of China, the Song Hien structure passes into the Youjiang rift basin, where a large number of gold deposits attributed to the Carlin formation are also known. The Suoi Cun deposit is located to the east and southeast of the Cao Bang city and the large Cu-Ni-Pt-bearing mafic-ultramafic Suoi Cun massif. The mineralization is hosted by the rhyolites of the Triassic Song Hien formation and represents by hydrothermal low-temperature veins and crushing zones with chalcedonic quartz. Ore minerals in quartz-vein and metasomatically altered rhyolites are represented by pyrite, marcasite, and arsenopyrite. The amount of ore minerals is not constant and varies in a wide range from poor dissemination to 30 %. Ore zones have a zonal structure. The outer zones, 50–100 meters wide, are represented by altered rhyolites. The central part of the ore bodies is ore breccia, the fragments of which are represented by both massive pyrite aggregates and differently altered and mineralized rhyolites. The cement of the breccias is different and depends on the spatial position in the section of the ore body. The outer part of the inner mineralized zone is cemented by quartz and, more rarely, by carbonate. According to the results of Ar-Ar dating, the calculated age of hydrothermal sericite from the axial part of the mineralized zone was 218 ± 1 Ma. The main geological and mineral characteristics of the Suoi Cun deposit include: (1) the confinement of mineralization to zones of crushing and multiple breccia formation in the rhyolites of the Song Hien Formation; (2) wide development of chalcedonic quartz and marcasite, indicating low temperatures of mineral formation; (3) chloritization, sericitization, silicification, and sulfidization as the dominant types of metasomatic transformation; (4) mineral association represented by pyrite, marcasite, arsenopyrite, and stibnite; (5) absence of native gold in ores, positive correlation between gold and Carlin group elements (As, Sb, Hg, Tl); (6) relation of mineral formation with regional tectonic events, lack of genetic relationship with magmatism. Using the critical characteristics for Carlin type deposits, we conclude that the Suoi Cun deposit is represented by this formation