Kinematic Study Of Motile Microalgae Under The Influence Of Low Gradient Magnetic Field

Mikrosfera magnet, yang terdiri daripada teras polistirena (PS), nanopartikel oksida besi (IONPs) dan polielektrolit kationik, disintesis melalui teknik penyusunan secara berlapis-lapis. IONPs disintesis melalui kaedah pemendakan bersama. Pengendapan IONPs diikuti dengan polielektrolik pada permukaan teras PS dikenal pasti melalui pemeriksaan kegerakan elektroforesis. Morfologi teras-petala mikrosfera magnet dibuktikan melalui mikrograf mikroskopi transmisi elektron manakala jisim magnet dan sifat magnetnya dikaji dengan menggunakan spektroskopi serapan atom dan magnetometer sampel bergetar. Mikro-robot magnetik buatan dibentuk dengan mengikatkan mikrosfera magnet dengan mikroalga melalui saling tindak elektrostatik. Tingkah laku kinematik mikro-robot yang membawa mikrosfera magnet dengan diameter 2 μm dan 4.5 μm telah dikaji di bawah pengaruh dan tanpa pengaruh medan magnet berkecerunan rendah

μ-Adipato-κ2 O 1:O 4-bis­{[2,6-bis­(1H-benzimidazol-2-yl-κN 3)pyridine-κN](nitrato-κO)lead(II)}

The dinuclear title compound, [Pb2(C6H8O4)(NO3)2(C19H13N5)2], lies with the mid-point of the butyl chain of the bridging adipate unit on a center of inversion. The PbII ion is covalently bonded to the nitrate anion and is bonded to a carboxyl­ate group of the adipate unit by another covalent bond. The N-heterocycle functions in a chelating tridentate mode. The metal atom exists in a Ψ-octa­hedral coordination environment. When weaker Pb⋯O inter­actions are also considered, the geometry is a Ψ-tricapped trigonal prism in which the lone-pair electrons occupy one face of the trigonal prism. Adjacent mol­ecules are linked into a layer structure by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds

1,1′-Di-n-butyl-4,4′-bipyridinium 2.375-bromido-1.625-chloridocadmate

The title salt, (C18H26N2)[CdBr2.375Cl1.625], consists of non-inter­acting cations and tetra­hedral cadmate(II) anions. The halogen atoms are all disordered, the bromine components being in 0.9035 (17):0.0965 (17), 0.6581 (18):0.3419 (18), 0.5019 (19):0.4981 (19) and 0.6847 (19):0.3153 (18) ratios. The aromatic rings of the cation are twisted by 25.0 (1)°

Normative beliefs, attitudes, and social norms: people reduce waste as an index of social relationships when spending leisure time

This study has adopted and refined Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior, theory of reasoned action, and the value–belief–norm theory by Stern et al. to investigate the effects of normative beliefs, attitudes,andsocialnormsonpro-environmentalbehavioralintentions. Atotalof391validresponses were collected from visitors to a theme park in Taiwan. A structure equation analysis indicated that the overall fit of the proposed model was supported. It was also found that both attitudes and social norms had positive and significant influence on waste reduction. While the results did not reveal any direct relation between normative beliefs and behavioral intentions, normative beliefs had positive direct influence on social norms and attitudes, which in turn had an impact on behavioral intentions. The findings provided further insights about pro-environmental behavioral intentions from an Asia perspective and highlighted important implications for environmental policies and education to reduce waste

Case Study: First-Time Success ASIC Design Methodology Applied to a Multi-Processor System-on-Chip

Achieving first-time success is crucial in the ASIC design league considering the soaring cost, tight time-to-market window, and competitive business environment. One key factor in ensuring first-time success is a well-defined ASIC design methodology. Here we propose a novel ASIC design methodology that has been proven for the RUMPS401 (Rahman University Multi-Processor System 401) Multiprocessor System-on-Chip (MPSoC) project. The MPSoC project is initiated by Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman (UTAR) VLSI design center. The proposed methodology includes the use of Universal Verification Methodology (UVM). The use of electronic design automation (EDA) software during each step of the design methodology is also presented. The first-time success RUMPS401 demonstrates the use of the proposed ASIC design methodology and the good of using one. Especially this project is carried on in educational environment that is even more limited in budget, resources and know-how, compared to the business and industrial counterparts. Here a novel ASIC design methodology that is tailored to first-time success MPSoC is presented

Pr0.67Ba0.33MnO3 in bulk and thin film ceramic

Bulk polycrystalline of Pr0.67Ba0.33MnO3 (PBMO) ceramic prepared via solid‐state reaction and converted into thin films on corning glass, fused silica and MgO (100) by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique. As compared to bulk PBMO, the unit cell in thin film PBMO experienced positive misfit due to lattice strain induced by substrate used resulting MnO6 to deform (change in Mn‐O‐Mn bond angle and Mn‐O bond length). Bulk PBMO had large grains (∼1.5μm) as compared to thin film which are nano‐sized (<100 nm). Two metal‐insulator transition temperatures, TP (156 K and 190 K) were observed in bulk due to core‐shell effect as proposed by Zhang et al.. In summary, variation of electrical behaviour was observed between bulk and thin film samples which believed to be due to the difference of ordering in core (body) and grain surface

Effect of rare earth elements substitution in La site for LaMnO3 Manganites

With a view to understanding the effect of rare earth element (Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm and Gd) substitution for the La site in LaMnO3 (LMO), the samples were prepared via solid-state reaction. Structure investigation by X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that structure transformation from trigonal (LMO) to orthorhombic (PMO, NMO, SMO and GMO) occurred when smaller trivalent rare earth element was replaced. The MnO6octahedra were tilted and elongated or compressed, corresponding to the ionic radii of the rare earth inserted. Meanwhile, microstructure study using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) illustrated that La substitution by another rare earth element caused a reduction in grain size. This might due to the changes in enthalpy of fusion by other rare earth ions, where higher enthalpy of fusion favours formation of smaller grain size. However, CeMnO3 did not form under this preparation condition. The magnetic properties studied from the hysteresis plot taken at room temperature indicated that the substitution of La with other magnetic trivalent rare earth ions strongly weakened the magnetic strength of the system

Microstructure and magnetic properties of PrMnO3 bulk and thin film

Perovskite PrMnO3 (PMO) had been prepared in bulk by solid state reaction and thin films on corning glass, fused silica and MgO (100) glass substrate by pulsed laser deposition technique. SEM micrographs show that grains with size 2∼3 μm is observed in bulk PMO while thin films PMO show strongly connected grain structure with particle size that not larger than 100 nm. X‐ray diffraction analysis shows that all samples are in single phase with orthorhombic crystal structure. Bulk PMO sample had lattice strain of 0.134% which is the lowest value among others. However, larger lattice strain was observed in thin film samples due to lattice mismatch between film‐substrate and caused the MnO6 to deform. All samples shown paramagnetic or antiferromagnetic behavior, enhancement in magnetization value occurred for all PMO grew as film. We believe that larger lattice strain favor the grain growth of PMO towards more order phase. In summary, formation of structure and microstructure of thin film PMO depends on type of substrate used and it affect the magnetic property

What are the barriers faced by patients using insulin? a qualitative study of Malaysian health care professionals' views

BACKGROUND: Patients with type 2 diabetes often require insulin as the disease progresses. However, health care professionals frequently encounter challenges when managing patients who require insulin therapy. Understanding how health care professionals perceive the barriers faced by patients on insulin will facilitate care and treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE: This study explores the views of Malaysian health care professionals on the barriers faced by patients using insulin. METHODS: Semi-structured qualitative interviews and focus group discussions were conducted with health care professionals involved in diabetes care using insulin. Forty-one health care professionals participated in the study, consisting of primary care doctors (n = 20), family medicine specialists (n = 10), government policymakers (n = 5), diabetes educators (n = 3), endocrinologists (n = 2), and one pharmacist. We used a topic guide to facilitate the interviews, which were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using a thematic approach. RESULTS: FIVE THEMES WERE IDENTIFIED AS BARRIERS: side effects, patient education, negative perceptions, blood glucose monitoring, and patient adherence to treatment and follow-up. Patients perceive that insulin therapy causes numerous negative side effects. There is a lack of patient education on proper glucose monitoring and how to optimize insulin therapy. Cost of treatment and patient ignorance are highlighted when discussing patient self-monitoring of blood glucose. Finally, health care professionals identified a lack of a follow-up system, especially for patients who do not keep to regular appointments. CONCLUSION: This study identifies five substantial barriers to optimizing insulin therapy. Health care professionals who successfully identify and address these issues will empower patients to achieve effective self-management. System barriers require government agency in establishing insulin follow-up programs, multidisciplinary diabetes care teams, and subsidies for glucometers and test strips