Eficácia da fisioterapia respiratória em pacientes adultos com pneumonia: revisão sistemática

Mestrado em FisioterapiaIntrodução: A pneumonia caracteriza-se por ser uma doença inflamatória do tecido pulmonar, que causa dano nas vias aéreas distais. É reconhecido como um dos problemas de saúde que afectam um elevado número de pessoas em todo o mundo, responsável por elevadas taxas de morbilidade e mortalidade. A sua terapêutica de primeira linha tem por base os compostos antimicrobianos, no entanto podem ser introduzidas terapias coadjuvantes como a fisioterapia respiratória. Objectivo: 1) Perceber qual o contributo da fisioterapia respiratória, enquanto terapia coadjuvante, no quadro clínico de pneumonia no adulto; 2) Verificar os efeitos da intervenção da fisioterapia em pacientes adultos com pneumonia na: a) Drenagem de secreções; b) Níveis de dispneia; c) Saturação periférica de oxigénio; d) Tempo de internamento. Metodologia: Trata-se de uma revisão sistemática. Foi realizado a pesquisa nas bases de dados, SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Bireme e B-on para estudos entre 1978 a 2015, com as seguintes palavras-chaves: Eficácia, Fisioterapia respiratória, Pneumonia no adulto, respiratory therapy, respiratory physiotherapy, chest physiotherapy, pneumoniae, chest therapy. Resultados: Dos 47 estudos seleccionados e identificados, foram incluídos apenas nove. Destes nove estudos, cinco demonstraram eficácia nas técnicas utilizadas para a recuperação do doente. Os quatro estudos que não demonstraram eficácia também demonstram falta de robustez no seu desenho. Conclusão: Observou-se uma influência positiva da aplicação de técnicas de fisioterapia respiratória (higiene brônquica, drenagem postural, percussão, vibração-compressão) em combinação com antibioterapia. No entanto, é necessária a realização de mais estudos de forma a contribuírem para um maior esclarecimento quanto ao seu benefício num quadro de pneumonia.ABSTRACT - Introduction: Pneumonia is characterized by an inflammatory disease of lung tissue, causing damage in the distal airways. It is recognized worldwide as one of the health problems that affect a large number of people around the world, responsible for high rates of morbidity and mortality. Its first-line therapy is based on the antimicrobial compounds, however can be introduced supporting therapies such as physiotherapy. Objective: Realize that the contribution of respiratory therapy as adjunctive therapy in the clinical picture of pneumonia in adults; 2) Check the effects of physiotherapy intervention in adult patients with pneumonia: a) secretions drainage; b) dyspnea levels; c) peripheral oxygen saturation; d) hospitalization time. Methodology: This is a systematic review researche in databases, SciELO, LILACS, PubMed, Bireme and B-on was conducted for studies between 1978 and 2015, with the following key words: Effectiveness, respiratory physiotherapy, pneumonia in adults, respiratory therapy, respiratory physiotherapy, chest physiotherapy, pneumonia, chest therapy. Results: Of the 47 selected and identified studies were included only nine. These nine studies demonstrated efficacy in five respiratory physiotherapy techniques used for the recovery of the patient with pneumoniae. The four studies that did not demonstrate efficacy show a lack of robustness in its design. Conclusion: There was a positive influence of application of respiratory physiotherapy techniques in combination with antibiotics. However further studies are required in order to contribute to further clarification regarding tthe benefits in pneumonia frame.N/

Photoswitches and Luminescent Rigidity Sensors Based on fac-[Re(CO)(3)(Me(4)phen)(L)](+)

The fac-[Re(CO)(3)(Me(4)phen)(trans-L)](+) complexes, Me(4)phen = 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and L = 4-styrylpyridine, stpy, or 1,2-bis(4-pyridyl)ethylene, bpe, were synthesized and characterized by their spectroscopic, photochemical, and photophysical properties. The complexes exhibit trans-to-cis isomerization upon 313, 334, 365, and 404 nm irradiation, and the true quantum yields can be efficiently determined by absorption changes combined with (1)H NMR data. For fac-[Re(CO)(3)(Me(4)phen)(trans-bpe)](+) similar quantum yields were determined at all wavelengths investigated. However, a lower value (phi(true) = 0.35) was determined for fac-[Re(CO)(3)(Me(4)phen)(trans-stpy)](+) at 404 nm irradiation, which indicates different pathways for the photoisomerization process. The photoproducts, fac-[Re(CO)(3)(Me(4)phen)(cis-L)](+), exhibit luminescence at room temperature with two maxima ascribed to the (3)IL(Me4phen) and (3)MLCT(Re -> Me4phen) excited states. The luminescence properties were investigated in different media, and the behavior in glassy EPA at 77 K showed that the contribution of each emissive state is dependent on the excitation wavelength. The photochemical and photophysical behavior of the complexes were rationalized in terms of the energy gap of excited states and can be exploited in photoswitchable luminescent rigidity sensors.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)FAPESP Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao PauloFAPESPFundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)CNPq Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnologicoConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)CNPqConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq

Photoelectrochemical solar cell using extract of Eugenia jambolana Lam as a natural sensitizer

The extract of Jambolão (java plum), Eugenia jambolana Lam, was used as a natural sensitizer of a wide band-gap semiconductor (TiO2) in photoelectrochemical solar cells. The natural dye, adsorbed onto the semiconductor surface, absorbs visible light and promotes electron transfer across the dye/semiconductor interface. Photogenerated current and voltage as high as 2.3 mA and 711 mV, respectively, were obtained and effective conversion of visible light into electricity was achieved. The use of a natural product as the semiconductor sensitizer enables a faster and simpler production of cheaper and environmentally friendly solar cells.O extrato de Jambolão, Eugenia jambolana Lam, foi utilizado como um sensibilizador natural de um semicondutor com separação grande de bandas (TiO2) nas células solares fotoeletroquímica. O corante natural, adsorvido na superfície do semicondutor, absorve luz visível e promove transferência eletrônica na interface corante/semicondutor. A corrente e o potencial fotogerados tão altos como 2,3 mA e 711 mV, respectivamente, foram obtidos observando-se conversão eficiente de luz visível em eletricidade. O uso de um produto natural como o sensibilizador de semicondutor possibilita uma produção mais rápida e simples de células solares mais baratas que não agridem o meio ambiente

Optomechanical trans-to-cis and cis-to-trans isomerization and unusual photophysical behavior of fac-[Re(CO)(3)(phen)(CNstpy)](+)

Unusual high photoassisted quantum yields for cis-to-trans (phi(254) (nm) = 0.27 +/- 0.05) isomerization of CNstpy coordinated to fac-[Re(CO)(3)(phen)(CNstpy)](+) were determined along with trans-to-cis ones (phi(313) (nm)= 0.58 +/- 0.02; phi(365) (nm)= 0.61 +/- 0.06; phi(404) (nm) = 0.42 +/- 0.02). Additionally, in contrast to other similar rhenium(I) complexes, the cis photoproduct is quasi non-emissive and comparable to the trans-complex. The cis-to-trans photoisomerization is due to the deactivation from the ILcis-CNstpy excited state in competition to the usual (MLCTRe -> phen)-M-3 luminescence. These efficient cis to trans and trans to cis photoisomerization can be conveniently used in light powered molecular machines. (C) 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Fundacao de Amparo a Pesquisa do Estado de Sao Paulo (FAPESP)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq)Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPq

Visible Photosensitization of <i>trans</i>-Styrylpyridine Coordinated to <i>fac</i>-[Re(CO)₃(dcbH₂)]⁺: New Insights

A strategic methodology has been developed to effectively synthesize the <i>fac</i>-[Re­(CO)₃(dcbH₂)­(<i>trans</i>-stpy)]⁺ complex, where dcbH₂ = 2,2′-bipyridine-4,4′-dicarboxylic acid and <i>trans</i>-stpy = <i>trans</i>-4-styrylpyridine, which has been designed to efficiently absorb visible light. The complex exhibits outstanding <i>trans</i>-to-<i>cis</i> photoisomerization with 436 nm irradiation (Φ_{<i>trans</i>→<i>cis</i>} = 0.50 ± 0.03), in contrast to the photochemical behavior previously reported in the literature (Faustino, L. A.; et al. <i>Inorg. Chem.</i> <b>2018</b>, <i>57</i>, 2933–2941). The main emphasis here is to address the synthetic strategy for obtaining the actual complex, its characterization, and an accurate description of its photochemical and photophysical behavior, which reveal new insights into this complex

XPS characterization of sensitized n-TiO2 thin films for dye-sensitized solar cell applications

TiO2 thin films, employed in dye-sensitized solar cells, were prepared by the sol-gel method or directly by Degussa P25 oxide and their surfaces were characterized by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The effect of adsorption of the cis-[Ru(dcbH(2))(2)(NCS)(2)] dye, N3, on the surface of films was investigated. From XPS spectra taken before and after argon-ion sputtering procedure, the surface composition of inner and outer layers of sensitized films was obtained and a preferential etching of Ru peak in relation to the Ti and N ones was identified. The photoelectrochemical parameters were also evaluated and rationalized in terms of the morphological characteristics of the films. (c) 2007 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved