Simplified Equation Models for Greenhouses Gases Assessment in Road Transport Sector in Burkina Faso

Transport sector is cited among the key emitted sector. In Burkina Faso, road transport occupies more than 60% of the emissions of the entire transport sector. However, there is no model equation for greenhouse gases modelling in transport sector. A methodology combining literature review and survey has been adopted to develop the simplified model equation in transport sector. The vehicle type survey allowed the identification of the type of vehicle and the literature review allowed the identification of the key parameters used for greenhouses gases modelling. The results revealed 10 vehicle types for road transport in Burkina Faso such as: Private cars, Public Transport/Buses, Special Vehicle (Ambulances, Fire bus, Funeral vehicles), other vehicle, Motorcycles, Wheeler, Rail, Van, Lorries and Truck Tractor. The keys parameters for greenhouse gases modelling are Fleet availability, Average annual distance travelled, Fuel Economy and Fuel emission factor. For all vehicle type identified simplified model equation was developed to support Burkina Faso, assessing greenhouse gases emission in the sector of transport. This approach could be replicated in other countries in the sub-Saharan Region

Ethnobotanical study of cultivated yellow nutsedge, (Cyperus esculentus L.) in Burkina Faso

The yellow nutsedge, Cyperus esculentus L. is an herbaceous species whose tubers are the edible parts. The tubers are very popular with children, and can be eaten raw, fried or after processing into a drink (Horchata). However, it does not exist in Burkina, a centralized collection and studies on the genetic variability, the socio-cultural and economic aspects of this species. In order to identify the morphotypes and to welcome the peasant knowledge on the management of the, yellow nutsedge, a prospection followed by collection of tubers were carried out in the main areas of production of this crop. A total of 22 villages in eight districts were visited and 108 accessions of tubers were collected. It emerges from this study that the cultivation is mainly practiced by women (97% of farmers). The cultivated yellow nutsedge is adapted to drought and to several types of soil. In addition, farmers classify the tubers according to their shape and size. Thus, the spherical tubers are qualified as "small tubers the non-spherical tubers as" large tubers. The number of tubers produced per foot varies from 20 to 60. Farmers use phenotypic characters, sexual dimorphism and ethnicity to name accessions for sweet peas. Vernacular names and methods of producing yellow nutsedge vary by region and ethnicity. According to the respondents, 84.34% think that the nut is of Burkinabé origin, 9.26% Ghanaian, 1.85% from Mali and 5.35% have no answers. There is great diversity in local knowledge and accessions collected in Burkina.Keywords: Ethnobotany, tubers, accessions, morphotypes

Climate Change Impact Assessment and Disaster Risk Financing Strategies in Mali: A Comprehensive Analysis of Drought and Flood Events

Climate change impact increasingly led to humanitarian assistance increase and needed. To better address climate change impacts mitigation, a suitable financing instrument is essential to facilitate government, humanitarian, and other stakeholders' finance mobilization. However, few studies have been done on disaster risk profiling to guide decision-makers in their choices.  Disaster risk profile analysis has been conducted in Mali to facilitate financial resources mobilization and climate finance instrument choice by identifying Historical drought and flood events. To do so, published papers; and some international institution websites dealing with climate hazard events such as Reliefweb, Hazard/risk, climate information services, Relief Web; CRED- EM-DAT; World Bank Climate Knowledge Portal, World Bank- UNDRR -ThinkHazard, WFP ARC/GeoNode/VAM/DataViz addressing Mali country have been assimilated for evidence accumulation and synthesis and presented in a database. Furthermore, national statistics and national reports on hazards have been also reviewed. Before starting the reading exercise, a reading/analytical framework has been elaborated.  In Mali the year 1984 to 2019, 21 flood events occurred in Mali and the most exposed regions to floods are Koulikoro, Bamako and Gao. From 1969 to 2020, 21 drought events were registered in in Mali and the most affected regions are Koulikoro, Mopti, Gao, Kayes.  The time return period of drought has been estimated to 3 years while the time return of flood has been estimated to be about 2 years. Drought events are less frequent than flood events, however, drought events affect more population than floods.  Also, Also, the yearly response cost for drought events is USD million 277.46   with an average US USD 204.37 cost per affected population.  For the flood, even the yearly response cost is USD 11.107 million With USD 261.82 per affected population.  Macro-insurance and CAT bonds are more suitable disaster risk financing instruments and are recommended to better address drought events while Anticipatory action and government contingency funds are more suitable climate disaster risk financing instruments to better address flood events in Mali

Disaster Risk Profile Analysis for Better Decision on Climate Financing Instrument in Mauritania

Climate change impact increasingly led to humanitarian assistance increase and needed. To better address climate change impacts mitigation, a suitable financing instrument is essential to facilitate government, humanitarian, and other stakeholders finance mobilization. However, few studies are done on disaster risk profiling to guide decision makers in their chois. Disaster risk profile analysis has been conducted in Mauritania to facilitate financial resources mobilization and climate finance instrument chois by identifying Historical drought and flood events. To do so, published papers; and some international institution website dealing with climate hazard events such as Reliefweb, Hazard/risk, climate information services, Relief Web; CRED- EM-DAT; World Bank Climate Knowledge Portal, World Bank- UNDRR -ThinkHazard, WFP ARC/GeoNode/VAM/DataViz addressing Mauritania country have been assimilated for evidence accumulation and synthesis and presented in a database. Furthermore, national statistics and national reports on hazards have been also being reviewed. Before starting the reading exercise, a reading/analytical framework has been elaborated. Thirteen (13) drought events have been occurred between 1965 t0 2020; in Mauritania and the most exposed regions of drought are Brakna , Gorgol and Assaba. while from year 1984 to 2020; fifteen 15 floods year events have been occurred in Mauritania and the most regions impacts are Tangant, Trarza and Inchiri.Time return period of identified hazards has been estimated and compared to identify the suitable climate disaster risk financing instrument for flood and for drought. Drought events are less frequent than flood events, however, drought event affect more population than flood. Also, the yearly response cost for drought event is US D million 192.984 with an average US 204.37 cost per affected population. For the flood event the yearly response cost is US D 1 428 707 With USD 90. 45 per affected population. Macro-insurance and CAT bonds are more suitable and recommended to better address drought events while Anticipatory action and government contingence fund are more suitable to better address flood events in Mauritania