Turkey’s Map of Emotions and Its Political Reflections

Political psychology is an interdisciplinary scientific field that that combines politics and psychology to explore the effect of emotions in politics. It examines the backgrounds of political decisions at the individual and community levels. This study analyzes the political decisions of voters in Turkey, focusing on positive and negative reactions, such as trust and fear. Using conclusions drawn from the Addiction Map of Turkey Study (TURBAHAR), which involved interviews with approximately twenty-five thousand participants during five months in 2018, this study analyzed the results of local elections held in thirty metropolitan districts and fifty-one provinces in Turkey on March 31, 2019. Eighty-six percent of the electorate participated in the elections. The data are organized into three groups or zones that identified vote pool areas: the People’s Alliance (Zone 1), consisting of the Justice and Development Party (AKP) and the Nationalist Movement Party (MHP); the Nation Alliance (Zone 2), consisting of the Republican People’s Party (CHP) and the IYI Party; and the People’s Democratic Party (HDP) (Zone 3). This study tries to interpret the decision mechanisms and the positive and negative emotions of the voters in these three zones. The aim of the study is to analyze the recent psychopolitical reactions of Turkish voters in terms of anger, identity, inequality, uncertainty, polarization, discrimination, and tolerance of the society

Avaliação da eficácia da eletroconvulsoterapia contínua para esquizofrenia resistente ao tratamento

Background : Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been reported being a safe and effective treatment in schizophrenia. However, there are a limited number of studies assessing continuation ECT utilization in patients with schizophrenia giving partial response to pharmacological treatment. Objective : The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of continuation ECT in preventing relapse in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia. Methods : In this retrospective analysis, schizophrenia patients (n = 73) were defined in three groups such as patients who received only AP treatment (only AP), patients who received acute ECT only during hospitalization (aECT+AP), patients who received acute ECT and continuation ECT (a-cECT+AP). Three groups were compared according to positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) and Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS) scores. Results : As per comparison of only AP group, aECT+AP group and a+cECT+AP groups in terms of after discharge PANSS and after discharge BPRS scores for 1st month, 3rd month and 6th month; 3rd and 6th month’s PANSS scores of a+cECT+AP group were statistically significantly lower than other two groups. Discussion : Although this study suffers the limitations of retrospective medical chart analysis, results suggest that, in patients with a diagnosis of schizophrenia who have responded to an acute course of ECT, continuation ECT in combination with antipsychotics is more effective than antipsychotics alone in preventing relapse.Contexto : A eletroconvulsoterapia (ECT) tem mostrado ser um tratamento seguro e eficaz para esquizofrenia. No entanto, o número de estudos que avaliam a utilização contínua de ECT em pacientes com esquizofrenia e a resposta parcial ao tratamento farmacológico é limitado. Objetivo : O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar a eficácia da ECT de continuação na prevenção de recaída em pacientes com esquizofrenia resistente ao tratamento. Métodos : Nesta análise retrospectiva, pacientes com esquizofrenia (n = 73) foram alocados em três grupos: pacientes que receberam apenas o tratamento AP (somente AP), pacientes que receberam um curso agudo de ECT durante a hospitalização (aECT+AP) e pacientes que receberam um curso agudo de ECT durante a hospitalização e ECT de continuação (a-cECT+AP). Esses três grupos foram comparados de acordo com a pontuação atribuída na Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) e na Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS). Resultados : De acordo com a comparação dos grupos, somente em AP, aECT+AP e a+cECT+AP, em termos de PANSS e BPRS, após descarga no primeiro, terceiro e sexto mês, as pontuações na PANSS no terceiro e sexto mês no grupo a+cECT+AP foram estatística e significativamente menores do que nos outros dois grupos. Conclusões : Embora este estudo mostre limitações causadas pela análise retrospectiva de prontuários, os resultados sugerem que a continuação da ECT em combinação com antipsicóticos é mais eficaz do que somente os antipsicóticos, na prevenção da recaída em pacientes com diagnóstico de esquizofrenia que responderam ao curso agudo de ECT

Neurobiological Perspective and Personalized Treatment in Schizophrenia

Personalized treatment is the focus of researchers and comes into prominence for both genetic sciences and neurotechnology. Recently, clinical practice tries to follow the idea and principles of personalized medicine. Besides predicting an individual’s sensibility or predisposition for developing schizophrenia, pharmacogenetic and pharmacogenomic approaches attempt to define and acknowledge important indicators of clinical response to antipsychotics namely their efficacy and adverse effects. Particularly in the treatment of schizophrenia, clinicians are very helpless in resistant cases, and clinical pharmacogenomics contributes in a revolutionary way. With both phenotyping, namely Therapeutic Drug Monitoring (TDM) and genotyping, “big expectations” emerged both with the right drug, the right dose, and the right time. Both pharmacokinetic genotyping, CYP400 enzyme activity, and pharmacodynamic genotyping could be measured. The chapter handles schizophrenia with neurobiological views and covers personalized treatment approaches from various perspectives. Personalized treatment in the diagnosis and treatment of schizophrenia is presented first. Following comorbid schizophrenia in addition to the use of various substances, psychopharmacology of schizophrenia and the mechanism of action of antipsychotic drugs are presented. Genetics and epigenetics in schizophrenia are studied in detail and in silico application and computational approaches covering the feature extraction process and destructive impact of the metaverse are shared lastly

New Diagnosis and Treatment Approaches to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a mental health condition and disorder causing psychological deterioration triggered by terrifying events or traumatic experiences either by experiencing or by witnessing it. Though many people have common feelings, PTSD symptoms vary from one person to another. So it is strongly recommended to focus on new diagnostic and therapeutic methods relying and structured on a neurobiological dimension by collecting and processing neuroimaging data. It is crucial to make a profound analysis of PTSD in terms of its ontological, biological, developmental, psychological, and sociological aspects. Both with the new treatment opportunities and involvement of in silico-based artificial intelligence applications, new psychotherapy techniques and new discourses in digital media will be possible. Within the scope of the study, ontological discussions are followed and juxtaposed by Neuro-Biological Perspectives on Genomics and Epigenomics as well as the clinical and neuro-imaginative perspectives and clinical overviews of PTSD. Besides, the neuro-developmental views in the context of children along with adverse childhood experiences (ACE) and their relation to PTSD are analyzed by emphasizing the significance of brain development. Sociological aspects of PTSD in the digital habitus are collocated to develop unique therapy approaches that embrace sociological perspectives of Information Society

Tinnitus’da Yeni Tedavi Yaklaşımları: Repetetif Transkraniyal Manyetik Stimulasyon ve Transkraniyal Doğru Akım Uyarımının Yeri

Tinnitus, akustik uyarım olmadığı zamanlarda algılanan ses olarak tanımlanır. Son yapılan araştırmalara göre, tinnitus hastalara günlük hayatta rahatsızlık veren en yaygın sağlık problemlerinden birisidir. Geçmiş çalışmalar tinnitusun muhtemel sebebi olarak daha çok kulak hastalıkları gibi periferik özelliklere eğilmiş olsa da, giderek artan kanıtlar tinnitusun işitsel ve işitsel olmayan beyin bölgelerindeki hipereksitabiliteyle ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Güncel nörobilim çalışmaları, repetetif transkranyal manyetik uyarım (repetetive transcranial magnetic stimulation: rTMS) ve transkranyal direkt akım uyarımı (transcranial direct current stimulation: tDCS) gibi nöromodülasyon yöntemlerinin, tinnitus tedavisinde ümit verici etkileri olduğunu göstermiştir. Fakat, gözlemlenen bu pozitif etkilerin mekanizması halen net olarak açıklanamamaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, tinnitus patofizyolojisi ve merkezi sinir sisteminde nöromodülasyon tedavileri için muhtemel yolaklar hakkında bilgi vermek, ve rTMS ile tDCS kullanan güncel randomize kontrollü çalışmaların sonuçlarını özetlemektir

Bir Askeri Üniversite Hastanesi Psikiyatri Servisinde Yatarak Tedavi Gören Hastaların Yatış Süreleri ve Klinik Özellikleri: Bir Yıllık İnceleme

Psikiyatri kliniklerinde yatan hastaların ortalama yatış süreleri ve maliyet durumları ile ilgili çok az sayıda araştırma vardır. Gülhane Askeri Tıp Akademisi (GATA) ve asker hastanelerindeki durum ise bilinmemektedir. Bu çalışmada GATA psikiyatri kliniğinde yatan hastaların tanı gruplarına göre ortalama yatış sürelerinin ve ortalama yatış sayılarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Temmuz 2004-Temmuz 2005 tarihleri arasındaki bir yıllık sürede GATA psikiyatri kliniğine yatan bütün hastalar ileriye dönük şekilde çalışmaya alınmıştır. Toplam 1311 kayıt incelenmiştir. Olguların ortalama yatış süresi 23.8±5.7 gün, ortalama yatış sıklığı 1.5±0.5’dir. Kayıtların %3.6’sı istemsiz, %22.1’i adli gözlem amaçlı ve %69.5’i ilk yatıştır. Olguların %47.5’i ilaçsız olarak taburcu edilmiş, %15.3’ünde çoklu ilaç kullanımı saptanmıştır. Adli gözlem amacıyla yatırılanların ortalama yatış süresi 12.5±4.2 gündür. Küçük bir döner kapı grubu sık ve uzun süreli yatışlar yapmaktadır. Sağlık kurulu işlemleri için geçen süre çok uzundur. Bu iki durum kaynak savurganlığına neden olmaktadır. Psikiyatri kliniklerinde yatan bir hastanın ortalama gideri ve ülke ekonomisine yükünün gerçekci şekilde saptanması ile kaynaklar daha verimli kullanılabilecek ve sağlık hizmeti daha kaliteli sunulabilecektir

İŞİTSEL VARSANILARIN TEDAVİSİNDE TRANSKARANİAL MANYETİK UYARIM KULLANIMI: BİR OLGU SUNUMU VE KISA GÖZDEN GEÇİRME

In this case we report the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for treatment resistant auditory verbal hallucinations. The majority of protocols have utilized low-frequency suppressive repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation over the left temporoparietal cortex with some therapeutic benefits in ameliorating auditory hallucinations. Normalizing the functional connectivity between the temporoparietal and frontal brain regions may underlie the therapeutic effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia. Regarding side effects, the rTMS intervention was well tolerated in this case. Future research must focus on the optimum stimulation site and parameters