“Passing through” sociability or how encounters with moderate otherness allow intercultural sharing

Sociability is a central concept in sociology. Applying it to new ways of creating social bounds questions the mere definition of the concept, particularly in its relationship with otherness. We suggest using the “passing through” sociability in order to better understand the tensions between likeness and otherness at the core of social relationships between strangers. Specifically, this paper aims to illustrate moments of intercultural openness between members of a hospitality exchange network.La sociabilité est un concept central dans la discipline sociologique. Son application aux nouvelles manières de constituer des liens sociaux interroge la définition même du concept, particulièrement dans son rapport à l’altérité. En suggérant l’idée de la sociabilité dite «  du passage  », nous proposons de mieux comprendre les tensions entre ressemblance et altérité au cœur des relations sociales entre inconnus. Précisément, cet article vise à mettre en avant des illustrations de moments d’ouverture interculturelle dans les relations entre membres d’un réseau d’échange d’hospitalité

Targeting the bicarbonate transporter SLC4A4 overcomes immunosuppression and immunotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer

Solid tumors are generally characterized by an acidic tumor microenvironment (TME) that favors cancer progression, therapy resistance, and immune evasion. By single-cell RNA-sequencing analysis in PDAC patients, we reveal hereby Solute Carrier Family 4 Member 4 (SLC4A4) as the most abundant bicarbonate transporter, predominantly expressed by epithelial ductal cells. Functionally, SLC4A4 inhibition in PDAC cancer cells mitigates the acidosis of the TME due to bicarbonate accumulation in the extracellular space and decrease in lactate production by cancer cells as the result of reduced glycolysis. In PDAC-bearing mice, genetic or pharmacological SLC4A4 targeting improves T cell-mediated immune response and breaches macrophage-mediated immunosuppression, thus inhibiting tumor growth and metastases. In addition, Slc4a4 targeting in combination with immune-checkpoint blockade is able to overcome immunotherapy resistance and prolong survival. Overall, our data propose SLC4A4 as a therapeutic target to unleash an anti-tumor immune response in PDAC

Women and health professionals’ perspectives on a conditional cash transfer programme to improve pregnancy follow-up: a qualitative analysis of the NAITRE randomised controlled study

Objectives Women of low socioeconomic status have been described as having suboptimal prenatal care, which in turn has been associated with poor pregnancy outcomes. Many types of conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes have been developed, including programmes to improve prenatal care or smoking cessation during pregnancy, and their effects demonstrated. However, ethical critiques have included paternalism and lack of informed choice. Our objective was to determine if women and healthcare professionals (HPs) shared these concerns.Design Prospective qualitative research.Setting We included economically disadvantaged women, as defined by health insurance data, who participated in the French NAITRE randomised trial assessing a CCT programme during prenatal follow-up to improve pregnancy outcomes. The HP worked in some maternities participating in this trial.Participants 26 women, 14 who received CCT and 12 who did not, mostly unemployed (20/26), and - 7 HPs.Interventions We conducted a multicentre cross-sectional qualitative study among women and HPs who participated in the NAITRE Study to assess their views on CCT. The women were interviewed after childbirth.Results Women did not perceive CCT negatively. They did not mention feeling stigmatised. They described CCT as a significant source of aid for women with limited financial resources. HP described the CCT in less positive terms, for example, expressing concern about discussing cash transfer at their first medical consultation with women. Though they emphasised ethical concerns about the basis of the trial, they recognised the importance of evaluating CCT.Conclusions In France, a high-income country where prenatal follow-up is free, HPs were concerned that the CCT programme would change their relationship with patients and wondered if it was the best use of funding. However, women who received a cash incentive said they did not feel stigmatised and indicated that these payments helped them prepare for their baby’s birth.Trial registration number NCT0240285

Le français : des mots de chacun, une langue pour tous

Vraie problématique linguistique, socio-économique et culturelle que traitent dans ce volume des chercheurs et des universitaires, des enseignants et des hommes d’affaires, des juristes et des écrivains. Comment faire pour que les mots spécialisés de nos professions, ancrés dans des savoir-faire, deviennent également les formes ouvertes d’une langue à partager ? Comment faire aussi pour que les mots de tous les jours, ceux des enfants des banlieues comme ceux des fils de la terre, soient les gages d’une compréhension et d’une reconnaissance mutuelles, d’un accès à la langue des pères, dans une société en perpétuel mouvement ? Comment faire encore pour mettre en résonance les accents des français régionaux et les échos lointains des français de la francophonie, afin que se déploie plus largement cet idéal linguistique commun ? Autant de questions qui trouvent leur champ de réflexion et leur voie de réponse dans les différentes parties de cet ouvrage : le lecteur chemine d’abord à travers les accents du français parlé, en France et dans la francophonie, pénètre au cœur des particularités de l’écrit, réfléchit aux conditions des échanges et du partage de la langue pour pénétrer enfin dans le monde des poètes et s’initier aux enchantements de la langue littéraire qui n’a cessé de dire la vie, la jouissance et la fortune des mots d’où qu’ils proviennent, ceux de La Pléiade, archaïques, techniques ou dialectaux, ceux des poètes modernes, riches de sensations, constellés d’associations, pleins de fulgurances, ceux de Léopold Sedar Senghor, vibrant aux accords de l’Afrique et de la France, fondues dans une mythologie neuve, faite de valeurs singulières mais partagées, métissées par deux cultures dans une même vision poétique. Finalement, c’est encore là une belle escale dans le temps et l’espace que cette troisième étape du voyage au long cours que constituent les Lyriades renouvelées de la langue française. Cet ouvrage est issu des 3e journées de la langue française, Les Lyriades, qui se sont tenues à Liré en Anjou, les 19-20-21 mai 2006. Il a été conçu sous la direction de Françoise Argod-Dutard, professeur des universités et responsable du comité scientifique avec la collaboration de Dominique Beaumon, coordonnateur des Lyriades

Des données urbaines

Le Dossier s’intéresse à la fabrique de données urbaines et à leurs usages pour analyser les conditions numériques de la transformation de la ville. Les Notes de recherche portent sur le pétitionnement en ligne, l’identité, la désinformation et la polarisation idéologique sur Facebook, l’économie des images dans un parc à thème hollywoodien et la place des blogs dans l’économie vitivinicole. La rubrique En VO questionne le rôle de Facebook dans la communication des partis politiques. Deux Focus proposent une lecture approfondie d’une œuvre récente – L’Ère du clash de Christian Salmon – et d’une œuvre plus ancienne – The Fall of the Public Man de Richard Sennett. Les Notes de lecture recensent 50 publications. The Issue explores the city in a digital context. He questions the production of data and their uses (representations, interpretations, circulations, ethics, knowledge statuses) by “doers” and researchers to analyze the digital conditions of the urban transformation. The five Research Notes cover online petitioning, identity through the case of the writer Max Jacob, disinformation and ideological polarization on Facebook, the economics of images in a Hollywood theme park and the place of the blogs in the economy of the wine sector. The section In Original Version examines Facebook’s role in the communication of political parties. Two Focus provide an in-depth reading of a recent work by Christian Salmon – L’Ère du clash – and of an older one by Richard Sennett – The Fall of the Public Man. The Book Reviews offer succinct overviews and analyses of 50 publications

High Risk of Anal and Rectal Cancer in Patients With Anal and/or Perianal Crohn’s Disease

International audienceBackground & AimsLittle is known about the magnitude of the risk of anal and rectal cancer in patients with anal and/or perineal Crohn’s disease. We aimed to assess the risk of anal and rectal cancer in patients with Crohn’s perianal disease followed up in the Cancers Et Surrisque Associé aux Maladies Inflammatoires Intestinales En France (CESAME) cohort.MethodsWe collected data from 19,486 patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) enrolled in the observational CESAME study in France, from May 2004 through June 2005; 14.9% of participants had past or current anal and/or perianal Crohn’s disease. Subjects were followed up for a median time of 35 months (interquartile range, 29–40 mo). To identify risk factors for anal cancer in the total CESAME population, we performed a case-control study in which participants were matched for age and sex.ResultsAmong the total IBD population, 8 patients developed anal cancer and 14 patients developed rectal cancer. In the subgroup of 2911 patients with past or current anal and/or perianal Crohn’s lesions at cohort entry, 2 developed anal squamous-cell carcinoma, 3 developed perianal fistula–related adenocarcinoma, and 6 developed rectal cancer. The corresponding incidence rates were 0.26 per 1000 patient-years for anal squamous-cell carcinoma, 0.38 per 1000 patient-years for perianal fistula–related adenocarcinoma, and 0.77 per 1000 patient-years for rectal cancer. Among the 16,575 patients with ulcerative colitis or Crohn’s disease without anal or perianal lesions, the incidence rate of anal cancer was 0.08 per 1000 patient-years and of rectal cancer was 0.21 per 1000 patient-years. Among factors tested by univariate conditional regression (IBD subtype, disease duration, exposure to immune-suppressive therapy, presence of past or current anal and/or perianal lesions), the presence of past or current anal and/or perianal lesions at cohort entry was the only factor significantly associated with development of anal cancer (odds ratio, 11.2; 95% CI, 1.18-551.51; P = .03).ConclusionsIn an analysis of data from the CESAME cohort in France, patients with anal and/or perianal Crohn’s disease have a high risk of anal cancer, including perianal fistula–related cancer, and a high risk of rectal cancer