ENAM Gene Variation in Students Exposed to Different Fluoride Concentrations

The ENAM gene is important in the formation of tooth enamel; an alteration can affect the lengthening of the crystals, and the thickness in enamel. The objective was to determine the presence of the single nucleotide variant (SNV) rs12640848 of the ENAM gene in students exposed to different concentrations of fluoride. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on students exposed to high concentrations of fluoride in the city of Durango which were divided according to the severity of fluorosis and dental caries. Genotype determination was performed by DNA sequencing. The relationship between the severity of dental fluorosis and the allele distribution was determined by the Fisher’s exact and Kruskal–Wallis tests. Results: Seventy-one students were included for the sequencing. In the different allelic variations, for the normal genotype AA/TT, the control group presented 75%, for the AG/TC variation, 70.8% in the TF ≤ 4 group, 65% in TF ≥ 5, and 16.7% in TF = 0; with respect to GG/CC variation, 12.5% in TF ≤ 4, 22% in TF ≥ 5, and 8.3% in TF = 0 group (p = 0.000). Conclusion: The ENAM gene showed an association in the population exposed to different concentrations of fluorid

Recent Biomarkers for Monitoring the Systemic Fluoride Levels in Exposed Populations: A Systematic Review

Fluorides are compounds that can be found in the minerals of soil with volcanic rocks. Different populations are exposed to high levels of fluorides through drinking water that, due to their chronic intake, cause several types of damage to health. Nails and hair, denominated as recent biomarkers, have been employed for monitoring systemic fluoride from long-term exposure to fluorides. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review of the use of recent biomarkers for monitoring systemic fluoride levels in exposed populations and verify their validity in hemeasurement of the fluorine (F−) concentration within the body. A digital search was performed in the databases PubMed/Medline, Springer Link, Cochrane, and Scopus of original articles that employed recent biomarkers for monitoring systemic F−. Seventeen articles were included in this analysis; the recorded variables were the F− amount in each assessed biomarker, source of exposure ,and total daily fluoride intake (TDFI). TDFI was associated with F− in nails and hair, as well asthe exposure through drinking water. In conclusion, recent biomarkers are adequate for monitoring the systemic fluoride levels by evaluating the chronic/subchronic exposure through different sources, mainly drinking water, considering nails better than hair for this purpo

Influencia de las partículas prepolimerizadas en la microdureza de las resinas compuestas almacenadas en medio acusoso

Tesis Univ. Granada. Departamento de Estomatología. Leída el 22 de junio de 200

Síndrome de hiperuricemia: Una perspectiva fisiopatológica integrada

Hyperuricemia syndrome is relatively common in humans, affecting nearly a quarter of the population, with male predominance 3 to 4 times higher comparing with premenopausal women. Most patients with hyperuricemia (>90%) only show this finding without any evidence of symptomatology; however, the rest do have some clinical picture, being the most common gout.Uric acidmetabolismis complex,which causes its involvemnt in other conditions either directly or indirectly, either as a cause or consequently thereof. In this work we made a conceptual integration between the etiological, pathophysiological and clinical bases of this syndrome.El síndrome hiperuricémico es relativamente común en el ser humano, ya que afecta a casi una cuarta parte de la población, con una predominancia en los varones 3 a 4 veces mayor respecto a las mujeres premenopáusicas. La gran mayoría de los pacientes con hiperuricemia (>90%) solo muestran este hallazgo sin evidencia de sintomatología; sin embargo, el resto de ellos sí adolece de algún cuadro clínico, siendo el más frecuente la gota. El metabolismo del ácido úrico es complejo, lo que ocasiona su involucro en otras afecciones, ya sea directa o indirectamente, ya sea como causa o consecuencia de estos. En este trabajo hicimos una integración conceptual entre las bases etiológicas, fisiopatogénicas y clínicas de este síndrome