Serodiagnosis of leprosy and follow-up of household contacts using a commercial rapid test containing ND-O/LID-1 antigens

Introduction: Early diagnosis of leprosy, including the diagnosis of sub-clinical disease in contacts of known cases, would be a major advance. The signs of early leprosy are often difficult to assess and a reliable diagnostic test could play an important role in identifying cases and thus reducing transmission. Methods: Subjects were recruited at Centro de Saude Jardim Guanabara, Rondonopolis, Mato Grosso State, Brazil. Sera were obtained from 174 recently diagnosed leprosy patients, 409 household contacts, 53 endemic controls and 12 patients with active TB. 186 of the household contacts were re-tested on subsequent visits. Both the NDO-LID rapid test (Orange Life, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil) and an anti-PGL-1 ELISA test were used on all samples for comparison. Results: LID-1 was positive in 25 of 125 PB cases (20%), but in 41 of 49 MB cases (83.7%), while the anti-PGL-1 ELISA was positive in 8 (6.4%) and 35 (71.4%) cases, respectively. Specificity for LID-1 was 85% and for the anti-PGL-1 ELISA, 97%. Amongst household contacts, 9 of 409 (2.2%) were positive on the LID-1 test, and a further 51 (115%) were weakly positivealthough 9 cases of leprosy were subsequently identified amongst these contacts, 6 had tested negative, 2 were weakly positive and only 1 had been positive. Conclusion: The ND-O-LID-1 assay can be easily performed by the addition of serum to the assay device, and thus can be applied in resource-poor settings. The test was found to be useful for the detection of multibacillary cases, which in the long term will help to reduce transmission of the disease. This is a specific test, but it is not very sensitive for early detection of leprosy in household contacts and paucibacillary forms.Inst Lauro Souza Lime, Bauru, SP, BrazilHlth Ctr Rondonopolis MT, Rondonopolis, BrazilFed Univ Sao Paulo Unifesp, Dept Dermatol, Sao Paulo, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo Unifesp, Dept Dermatol, Sao Paulo, BrazilWeb of Scienc

CARACTERIZAÇÃO DOS CASOS DE RECIDIVA DE HANSENÍASE DIAGNOSTICADOS ENTRE 1994 E 2010 NO MUNICÍPIO DE RONDONÓPOLIS-MT

Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-10T10:53:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 NEUSA MARIA BROCH COELHO.pdf: 890026 bytes, checksum: 9f03f843438e0b0b4712f59a48d1daf9 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-11Introduction: Rondonópolis is a municipality showing high endemicity for leprosy, however, with low relapse rates. No studies that address the causes of maintenance of high detection rates or effectiveness of multidrug therapy. Thus, the revision of data on leprosy diagnosed and all relapses may help in understanding the causes for maintenance of the endemic and improve actions towards control of the disease. Objectives: To characterize the leprosy relapse cases diagnosed between 1994 and 2010 in Rondonópolis-MT, who had been released from treatment. Material and Methods: We selected and evaluated the clinical records of all leprosy patients diagnosed and treated between 2000 and 2008, upon registration in the Health Reference Unit for leprosy of Rondonópolis and in the National Notifiable Disease System (SINAN, Ministry of Health). For the periods between 1994 and 1999, and from 2009 to 2010, we selected only the records of cases that had more than one entry in the system. The records were reviewed for clinical, laboratory and treatment scheme data collection, and these were transcribed to specific forms. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: A total of 1863 records were evaluated (92.6% adults and 7.4% children under age 15 years), mean age was 38 years, 818 individuals had been treated with paucibacillary scheme, 886 with multibacillary and 158 with other therapeutic regimens, also 585 (31.4%) individuals had an episode of type 1 or type 2 reaction. The average bacilloscopic index (IB) of histological sections was 1.62. From the total, 151 individuals showed reactivation of leprosy, 27.1% had been treated with MDT / PB, 20.5% with MDT / MB and 52.3% with other schemes. Twenty four out of 41 individuals who were treated with PB scheme, only 8 were true relapses, 16 reactivated as MB and 17 MB took drugs irregularly. Among 31 individuals treated with MB scheme, 16 relapsed and 8 took drugs irregularly. The real percentage of relapses is 1.28% in the period. Conclusion: Patients showed a low percentage of relapses, probably due to the high efficacy of MDT, however, this was not sufficient to control the disease in the municipality of Rondonópolis. The bacterial persistence may have significant role in the relapse, since one would expect greater number of relapses associated with reinfection in a highly endemic area. Therefore, despite the referral service being well structured, it is not enough to cover the current demand on diagnostic tests for leprosy and evaluation of contacts for disease control.Introdução: Rondonópolis é um município de alta endemicidade para hanseníase, no entanto, com baixas taxas de recidiva. Não estudos que enfoquem as causas de manutenção de altas taxas de detecção ou eficácia da poliquimioterapia. Deste modo, a revisão de dados sobre casos de hanseníase diagnosticados e todas as recidivas pode auxiliar no entendimento das causas de manutenção da endemia e melhorar as ações de controle da doença. Objetivos: Caracterizar os casos de recidiva de hanseníase diagnosticados entre 1994 e 2010 em Rondonópolis-MT que tiveram alta por cura, quanto às características clínico-laboratoriais, epidemiológicas e terapêuticas. Material e Métodos: Foram selecionados e avaliados todos os prontuários de pacientes de hanseníase diagnosticados e tratados entre os anos 2000 e 2008, mediante registro na Unidade de Referência no município de Rondonópolis e no sistema nacional de agravos de notificação SINAN Ministério da Saúde). Para os períodos de 1994 a 1999, e 2009 a 2010, foram selecionados somente os prontuários de casos que tiveram mais de uma entrada no sistema. Os prontuários foram examinados para coleta de dados clínicos, laboratoriais e terapêuticos, e estes transcritos para formulários específicos. Os dados foram analisados por estatística descritiva. Resultados: No total, foram avaliados 1.863 prontuários (92,6% adultos e 7,4% menores de 15 anos), com idade média 38 anos, sendo 818 indivíduos tratados com esquema paucibacilar, 886 multibacilar e 158 com outros esquemas terapêuticos, sendo que 585 (31,4%) haviam apresentado episódios de reação tipo 1 ou tipo 2. A média dos índices baciloscópicos (IB) dos cortes histológicos foi 1,62. No período avaliado, 158 indivíduos foram tratados tratados com outros esquemas. Do total de indivíduos avaliados, 151 apresentaram reativação da hanseníase, 27,1% tinham sido tratados com PQT/PB, 20,5% com PQT/MB e 52,3% com outros esquemas. Dos 24/41 indivíduos que fizeram esquema PB, somente 8 eram recidivas verdadeiras, 16 reativaram como MB e 17 fizeram tratamento irregular. Dentre os 31 indivíduos que fizeram esquema MB, 16 recidivaram e 8fizeram tratamento irregular. A porcentagem real de recidivas foi 1,28% no período avaliado. Conclusão: Os pacientes apresentaram baixa porcentagem de recidivas, isto se deve à alta eficácia da PQT, no entanto, esta não foi suficiente para o controle da endemia no município de Rondonópolis. A persistência bacilar pode ter papel relevante na recidiva, uma vez que se esperava o número maior de recidivas por reinfecção em uma área de alta endemia. Portanto, apesar do serviço de referência estar bem estruturado ele não é suficiente para cobrir a atual demanda de diagnósticos de hanseníase e exames de contatos para controle da endemia no município

Epidemiological and geographical characterization of leprosy in a Brazilian hyperendemic municipality

Abstract: This study aimed to identify the distribution pattern of leprosy in a hyperendemic municipality in Brazil and determine its relationship with the clinico-epidemiological situation over 11 years. The geographic information system, MapInfo, spatial scan statistics and the Moran I index were used to analyze new cases. The digital cartographic base was used to map clusters of new paucibacillary and multibacillary cases and cases in minors under 15 years old. Socioeconomic indicators are shown using the choropleth mapping technique. A reduction in the detection coefficient, increases in high-risk spatial clusters, marked changes in the distribution of high-risk and low-risk clusters, and high-risk clusters of minors under 15 years old were observed from 2006 to 2010, showing recent illness, the presence of active foci, and overlapping of high-risk clusters of multibacillary infection in minors under 15 years old. Leprosy remains a public health problem in Rondonópolis, Mato Grosso State; the high-risk areas require an intensification of control measures and active search strategies to detect new cases