The Importance of Public/Private Partnerships for Supply Chain Success in Emergency Management

During the global COVID-19 pandemic response health care related supply chain issues pulled the curtains back to expose a disjointed, mis-managed and fragile supply chain (Goldschmidt & Stasko, 2022). This disfunction eventually impacted billions of people globally and significantly extend the supply chain recovery from COVID-19. The perceived strength of our domestic supply chain was weakened by minimal collaboration between the federal government and the private sector, which manages the majority of supply chains, during the early days of the pandemic (Aday & Aday, 2020). Additionally, the Strategic National Stockpile (SNS) was depleted due to many years of under-budgeting for supplies and the situation was not widely understood within the federal government, nor the public (Taddonio, 2020). The Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), which is the federal agency behind the development of public private partnerships (PPP), was still managing recovery from multiple major events when the pandemic began. They were assigned oversight and management of the national COVID supply chain response. The FEMA staffing levels were far below what was required, and additional staffing could not be hired in a short period of time (GAO, 2022). When adding in varying global COVID governmental responses and unexpected lockdowns, the situation was a recipe for disaster (GAO-20-685T United States Government Accountability Office, 2020)

Criteria for Removing Traffic Signals, Technical Report

DOT-FH-11-9524The report presents the results of a study to develop criteria that may be adopted as warrants for the removal of existing traffic control signals. The development of the signal removal criteria was based largely, as in a legal argument, on precedent. Those cases where positive impacts were realized by removing signals served to identify the criteria and conditions under which other signals should be removed. Likewise, cases involving negative impacts or unsuccessful removal attempts were reviewed to identify those conditions where signal removal should not be pursued. The methodology employed in this research was to compile the traffic signal removal experiences at over 200 intersections in 31 political entities, and to summarize and analyze this information to provide an objective base for the development of signal removal criteria. The decision process is designed to allow the traffic engineer to predict the expected impacts that will result from the removal of a traffic signal at a particular intersection. Knowing these probable impacts on intersection safety, traffic flow, energy consumption and costs, the traffic engineer can then make a sound decision concerning the removal of a signal. This volume documents the details of the signal removal criteria. A User's Guide is presented in another volume

Guidelines for successful traffic control systems: executive summary.

Federal Highway Administration, Office of Safety and Traffic Operations Research and Development, McLean, Va.Mode of access: Internet.Author corporate affiliation: JHK and Associates, Hartford, Ct.Report covers the period June 1986 - Aug 1988Subject code: HBSubject code: VLFSubject code: WWSubject code: YEMSubject code: YE

Mauritii Neodorpii Calvinus Orthodoxus Das ist Ein kurtzes Gespräch zwischen Hans Knorren und Benedict Haberecht : In welchem Bescheiden untersucht wird Ob und wie weit Die Lehre der Universalisten Mit der Lehre Der ersten Reformirten Lehrer/ welche in Berlin vor hundert Jahren gelehret, übereinkomme

Vorlageform des Erscheinungsvermerks: Gedruckt im Jahr 1713, als die Märckischen Reformirten Kirchen ihr erstes Jubilaeum begienge

Work on Synthesis and Properties of Belt Shaped Fluoranthenes

0\. Titelblatt und Inhaltsverzeichnis 1\. Einleitung 1 2\. Aufgabenstellung 3 3\. Syntheseplanung 6 4\. Zielstruktur 17 5\. Auswahl und Synthese der Grundbausteine 21 6\. Synthese der Monomere 31 7\. Cyclisierungsreaktionen 42 8\. Aromatisierungsversuche 55 9\. Zur Struktur des partiell aromatisierten Makrocyclus 64 10\. AM1-Berechnung cyclischer Fluoranthene, Cyclacene und linearer Acene 66 11\. Weiterführende Experimente 112 12\. Zusammenfassung / Summary 124 13\. Experimenteller Teil 128 14\. Literatur 160Die Arbeit beschreibt die Synthese und Charakterisierung des doppelsträngigen Kohlenstoffgerüsts der Äquatorregion des Fullerenes C84. Die beschriebene Methode basiert auf der cyclischen Dimerisierung diastereomerer AB-Monomere mit Isobenzofuran- und Acenaphthylengruppen als reaktive Termini über nicht diastereospezifische Diels-Alder-Reaktionen. Zur Darstellung von vier diastereomeren Monomervorläufern wurde Dihydropyracylen zum ersten mal in einer mehrstufigen Synthese eingesetzt. Die Synthese des Dihydropyracylens, das wesentliche strukturelle Merkmale der Fullerene zeigt, wurde hierzu optimiert und macht diese Verbindung jetzt im 10g Maßstab zugänglich. Die Dimerisierung der Monomere zeigte, unter bestimmten Bedingungen, eine bemerkenswerte Konzentrationsunabhängigkeit, so daß selbst in Substanz gute Ausbeuten des cyclischen Dimers erhalten werden. Der isolierte gürtelförmige Makrocyclus konnte durch säurekatalysierte Dehydratisierungsreaktionen partiell aromatisiert werden. Dieser partiell aromatisierte Makrocyclus unterscheidet sich von der vollständig ungesättigten Stammverbindung formal nur durch zwei "Wassermoleküle". Semiempirische AM1-Berechnungen der elektronischen und thermodynamischen Eigenschaften cyclischer Fluoranthene, linearer Fluoranthene und Cyclacene zeigen, daß der wesentliche Grund für die unvollständige Aromatisierung in der Spannungsenergie zu suchen ist. Die Strukturen der beiden Makrocyclen, eines der Monomervorlaufer sowie zweier diastereomerer Epoxybenzo[k]fluoranthene im Kristall wurden mit Hilfe von Röntgenstrukturanalysen ermittelt. Weiterhin wird eine Route zu 8,9-Didehydrofluoranthenen vorgestellt und zur Synthese eines Diphenylfluorantheneofluoranthenes eingesetzt, dessen Struktur im Kristall gezeigt wird. Diese Route ist ein wichtiger Schritt in Richtung auf die Synthese der Äquatorregion des C60-Fullerens und Struktur verwandter offenkettiger Polymere mit dem Strukturmuster peri- und ortho-annelierter Naphthalineinheiten.The synthesis and structural characterization of the double-stranded carbon skeleton of a C84 fullerenes belt region has been achieved. The synthetic methodology described is based on cyclic dimerization of diastereomeric AB- type monomers by non diastereospecific Diels-Alder reaction with isobenzofuran and acenaphthylene groups as reactive termini. Four diasteromeric monomer precursors have been prepared, using dihydropyracylene for the first time in a multi-step synthesis. The synthesis of dihydropyracylene itself has been optimized. This hydrocarbon, which shows essential structural features of the fullerenes was made available on the 10 g scale. The dimerization of the monomers showed a remarkable concentration independence under certain conditions, to give good yields of the cyclic dimer even in bulk. The belt- shaped macrocycle obtained from dimerization of the monomers has been partly aromatized by acid catalyzed dehydration reaction. This partly aromatized macrocycle differs from the fully unsatured belt by two ?water? molecules. Semiempirical AM1 calculations on electronic and thermodynamic properties of cyclic fluoranthenes, linear fluoranthenes, and cyclacens revealed strain energy as the essential reason for the incomplete aromatization. X-ray crystallographic structures in the crystals of the macrocycles, one of the monomers, and two diasteromeric epoxybenzo[k]fluoranthenes are also given. In addition, the first route to 8,9-didehydrofluoranthenes was developed and applied in the synthesis of a diphenylfluoranthenofluoranthene. The X-ray crystallographic structures in the crystals of the latter is given. This route is an important step toward the synthesis of the C60-fullerenes equator region and structurally related open chain polymers with the pattern of peri- and ortho-fused naphthalenic units