Risk factors for arterial hypertension in high school students from Miguel Aleman and Gustavo Díaz Ordaz, Tamaulipas, Mexico

Background: Although arterial hypertension (AHT) in adolescents is not an important cause of morbidity and mortality, it is a public health problem that is rapidly increasing in Mexico, due to changes in lifestyle and diet that generate overweight and obesity in the population and will later impact significantly in adulthood. The earlier AHT develops the risk of acute myocardial infarctions, cerebrovascular accidents; then disabilities should be increased. These conditions have repercussions at social and economic levels. Methods: Observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional study in students of the CBTIS 220 of Gustavo Díaz Ordaz (N = 423; women = 190, men = 233); and CBTIS 125 from Miguel Aleman (N = 463; women = 260, men = 203), Tamaulipas, Mexico. Gender, age, grade, and technical specialty were recorded. Then, resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure were registered, as well as weight, height, and waist circumference. With the latter, the body mass index and the waist contour/height ratio were calculated. Results: The average BMI was 24.6 in women and 24.0 in men. 85% of the students reported between 15 and 17 years of age, where 50.8% were; women and 49.2% were men. The overweight/obesity prevalence was 35.6% according to the BMI and 35.8% according to the ICT. Although high blood pressure prevalence was similar between schools (31.7% in Miguel Aleman and 30.7% in Gustavo Díaz Ordaz), AHT grade I and II was higher in Miguel Aleman (13.2%) than in Gustavo Díaz Ordaz (11.3%). The highest percentages of elevated blood pressure and hypertension were observed in men. In both schools, the risk factors associated with elevated blood pressure and hypertension were being a man (OR=2.57 and 2.41, p Conclusions: The prevalence of high blood pressure was from 30.7 to 31.7% and hypertension was observed between 11.3 and 13.2% of the students. The risk factors for elevated blood pressure/hypertension were being a man and being overweight/obese. High blood pressure and hypertension were associated with being overweight/obese due a sedentary lifestyle and the consumption of sports supplements, energy drinks and cola and/or coffee

Análisis morfológico y genético de Triplaris guayaquilensis Wedd (Polygonaceae): un árbol nativo de Ecuador

http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050989286In this paper, we assessed six native populations (55 trees) of Triplaris guayaquilensis Wedd (Fernan Sanchez), one of the major forest species from Ecuador, using morphological and AFLP (Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms) data. The populations were collected through two macro-sites (Central coastals: Quevedo, Ventanas, la Guayas; Andean surroundings: la Maná, Patricia Pilar, Pichincha). The populations showed the following traits: straight shaft (66%); round, irregular top shape (50%); and branch insertion angle 0° - 30° (86%). Four qualitative (straight shape, type of leaf edge, leaf width and leaf pubescence) and four quantitative (commercial tree height, basal area, commercial volume and total volume) traits were the most explicative traits present after Principal Component Analysis (PCA). PCA separated populations into two groups: one group included populations from Central Coastals which showed morphological traits highly and positively correlated with wood production, and the other group included populations with lower tree growth from the Andean surroundings. Populations from Central Coastals showed the highest values of genetic diversity indexes, AFLP markers separated populations based on the macro site of origin. For K = 2 Bayesian analysis separated FS populations into two groups; two populations from Central Coastals region and the other four the Andean surroundings region (3) and 1 from Central Coastals (La Guayas). For greater K values, the genetic fragmentation of populations by origins was evident since for K = 5 four groups were performed: one including populations from Quevedo and Ventanas and other from La Guayas (Coastals), the third group included trees from La Mana and Pichincha and the fourth, from Patricia Pilar (Andean surroundings). Results suggested the constant and effective genetic recombination or the genetic flow among and within Fernan Sanchez populations with a clear tendency towards genetic differentiation.En éste trabajo, seis poblaciones nativas (55 árboles) de Triplaris guayaquilensis Wedd (Fernán Sánchez), una de las principales species forestales de Ecuador, se sometieron al análisis morfológico y genético con AFLPs (polimorfismos en la longitud de los fragmentos amplificados). Las poblaciones se colectaron a través de dos macro-sitios (Litoral Central: Quevedo, Ventanas, la Guayas; Estribaciones de los Andes: la Maná, Patricia Pilar, Pichincha). Las poblaciones exhibieron las siguientes características: fuste recto (66%); forma de la copa irregular y redonda (50%); ángulo de inserción de las ramas de 0° a 30° (86%). Cuatro características cualitativas (forma del fuste, tipo de terminación de hojas, ancho de hojas y pubescencia de las hojas) y cuatro cuantitativas (altura comercial del árbol, área basal, volumen comercial y volumen total) fueron las más explicativas de acuerdo con el análisis de componentes principales (ACP). El ACP separó las poblaciones en dos grupos: uno incluyó poblaciones del Litoral Central, con características morfológicas alta y positivamente correlacionadas con la producción de madera y, el otro, con poblaciones con crecimiento de árboles menor provenientes de las estribaciones de los Andes. Las poblaciones del Litoral Central mostraron los mayores valores de diversidad genetic y los marcadores AFLP separaron dichas poblaciones con base en el macrositio de origen. Para un valor K = 2 el análisis Bayesiano separó las poblaciones de FS en dos grupos: dos poblaciones de la región Litoral Central y las otras cuatro de la región de las estribaciones de los Andes (3) y una del Litoral Central (La Guayas). Para valores K mayores fue evidente la fragmentación genética de las poblaciones de acuerdo con el origen pues para K = 5 se formaron cuatro grupos: uno incluyó poblaciones de Quevedo y Ventanas y otro de La Guayas (Litoral), un tercer grupo incluyó árboles de La Mana y Pichincha y un cuarto grupo, de Patricia Pilar (estribaciones de los Andes). Los resultados sugieren la constante y efectiva recombinación genética o flujo genetic entre y dentro de poblaciones de Fernán Sánchez con una tendencia clara hacia la diferenciación genética.http://dx.doi.org/10.5902/198050989286En éste trabajo, seis poblaciones nativas (55 árboles) de Triplaris guayaquilensis Wedd (Fernán Sánchez), una de las principales species forestales de Ecuador, se sometieron al análisis morfológico y genético con AFLPs (polimorfismos en la longitud de los fragmentos amplificados). Las poblaciones se colectaron a través de dos macro-sitios (Litoral Central: Quevedo, Ventanas, la Guayas; Estribaciones de los Andes: la Maná, Patricia Pilar, Pichincha). Las poblaciones exhibieron las siguientes características: fuste recto (66 %); forma de la copa irregular y redonda (50 %); ángulo de inserción de las ramas de 0° a 30° (86 %). Cuatro características cualitativas (forma del fuste, tipo de terminación de hojas, ancho de hojas y pubescencia de las hojas) y cuatro cuantitativas (altura comercial del árbol, área basal, volumen comercial y volumen total) fueron las más explicativas de acuerdo con el análisis de componentes principales (ACP). El ACP separó las poblaciones en dos grupos: uno incluyó poblaciones del Litoral Central, con características morfológicas alta y positivamente correlacionadas con la producción de madera y, el otro, con poblaciones con crecimiento de árboles menor provenientes de las estribaciones de los Andes. Las poblaciones del Litoral Central mostraron los mayores valores de diversidad genetic y los marcadores AFLP separaron dichas poblaciones con base en el macrositio de origen. Para un valor K = 2 el análisis Bayesiano separó las poblaciones de FS en dos grupos: dos poblaciones de la región Litoral Central y las otras cuatro de la región de las estribaciones de los Andes (3) y una del Litoral Central (La Guayas). Para valores K mayores fue evidente la fragmentación genética de las poblaciones de acuerdo con el origen pues para K = 5 se formaron cuatro grupos: uno incluyó poblaciones de Quevedo y Ventanas y otro de La Guayas (Litoral), un tercer grupo incluyó árboles de La Mana y Pichincha y un cuarto grupo, de Patricia Pilar (estribaciones de los Andes). Los resultados sugieren la constante y efectiva recombinación genética o flujo genetic entre y dentro de poblaciones de Fernán Sánchez con una tendencia clara hacia la diferenciación genética

Sudden cardiac death due to pharmacological cardioversion of atrial fibrillation

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia. The global prevalence of AF is 0.51% of the world population (37.5 million people) and has increased 33% in the last 20 years. AF may be associated with increased risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD); as well as ischemic stroke or coagulopathies. Coronary heart disease and heart failure are the two most common substrates of SCD. Therefore, the relationship between AF and SCD is particularly difficult to address. AF may have a shared molecular basis with ventricular fibrillation (VF; the most common arrhythmia underlying SCD), as both involve cellular and ion channel abnormalities, respectively, at the atrial and ventricular levels. Presentation of the case: 83-year-old woman, hypertensive, reports asthenia, adynamia and insomnia (21 days); the resting 12-lead electrocardiogram did not report ischemia or necrosis, AF was diagnosed; 160 beats per minute (BPM) (Figure 1). The transthoracic echocardiogram did not show thrombi or effusion; preserved ejection fraction. Pharmacological cardioversion (PC) of AF was performed with oral acetylsalicylic acid 100 mg every 24 h indefinitely; digoxin 0.25 mg orally every 8 hours for 24 hours (impregnation) and 0.25 mg orally every 24 hours (maintenance). After administration of the second dose of digoxin, HOLTER electrocardiographic monitoring detected sustained supraventricular tachycardia. Conclusions: VF caused SCD; the SCD prevented the administration of the third dose of digoxin. Amioradone was not indicated due to age and lack of ventricular response (VR) in AF; its use could prevent VF and SCD. VF is the rhythm that most causes SCD. 70% of SCD are due to coronary disease and, in 40% of SCD, it may be the initial manifestation of coronary disease. Arrhythmias such as VF, in this case, can cause acute ischemia (AI) and subsequently SCD. In cases of AF with VR, low output, and hypotension, electrical cardioversion (EC) is recommended. The PC of the arrhythmia depends on the severity and response of AF, age, ventricular function; atrial size; previous treatments. Cardioversion (PC/EC) is not recommended in elderly people with a history of multiple AF recurrences. According to the European Society of Cardiology and the American College of Cardiology/ American Heart Association, the AF was persistent, long-lasting, and noncardioreversible. Coronary heart disease was not observed. The VF probably caused the AI and, in turn, the AI caused the SCD without the patient reviving. No cardiomyopathies, Brugada syndrome, or coronary heart disease were observed in this case. Due to lack of resources to carry out a genetic study, the presence of single nucleotide polymorphisms associated with cardiac arrhythmias or AF in genes such as SCN5A (rs1805126) and SCN10A (rs6795970), which encoding a subunit of the voltage-gated sodium channel

Diaphragmatic Rupture Due To Closed Thoracobdominal Trauma: A Case Report

Background. Diaphragmatic injuries (DI) represent less than 1% of traumatic injuries; they are a marker of severe trauma due to associated injuries, although they often go undiagnosed as they remain hidden. If undetected, delayed herniation and strangulation of the abdominal organs into the chest cavity will result as the defect in the diaphragm is not repaired. DI occurs from penetrating or blunt trauma. The former occurs in approximately 67% of cases; direct injury to the diaphragm caused by automobile accidents has been reported. The remaining third is due to falls and crush injuries. Blunt trauma causes larger tears, even bilateral. Mortality from DI reaches 25% of cases and is higher in patients with blunt mechanisms of injury in the acute setting due to associated injuries. Mortality due to delayed presentation with hernia of abdominal contents into the chest due to previous penetrating trauma is 20% and increases with intestinal strangulation. Case presentation. Male, two years, and eight months-old, admitted to the emergency department due to thoraco-abdominal trauma due to being crushed by a truck tire. Tachypnea and stable vital signs were observed. Chest X-ray revealed elevated diaphragm and right pleural effusion. The patient continued to have dyspnea. Abdominal ultrasound confirmed elevation of the hemidiaphragm. Computed tomography of the chest showed the hepatic gland within the chest cavity. In the operating room, a right lateral thoracotomy was performed, observing diaphragmatic rupture. To correct and restore the hepatic gland to its normal anatomical site, the ruptured diaphragm was sutured with 2-0 Prolene®, supported with a bovine pericardium band, and subsequently a 12-Fr® chest tube was placed. In the end, it was closed by planes. Conclusions. The patient presented a blunt diaphragmatic injury. Intra-abdominal pressure increased above the tensile strength of diaphragmatic tissue. The patient evolved favorably in the postoperative period. He was kept under observation for ten days and was discharged without complications. After discharge, follow-up was performed without observing a diaphragmatic hernia or other injury

Muerte súbita por cardioversión farmacológica de una fibrilación auricular

Introduction: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia in older adults; its prevalence and mortality are positively associated with age. Case presentation: 83-year-old woman with a history of hypertension, hemodynamically stable. The 12-lead resting electrocardiogram diagnosed AF. The pharmacological cardio-version (FC) of AF caused deterioration in the patient's hemodynamic status and altered the state of consciousness (pre-syncope). HOLTER monitoring after digoxin administration detected sustained supraventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation (VF), resulting in sudden death (SD). Conclusions: The patient's SD could be due to the lengthening of the QT interval and this, to the hydro-electrolyte alteration and/or FC. Because hydro-electrolyte alteration was not confirmed, we suggest FC as the probable cause. Since no coronary heart disease (CHD) was observed, possibly VF caused acute ischemia (AI) and this, in turn, caused SD. AF was persistent, long-lasting and non-cardio-reversible.Introducción: La fibrilación auricular (FA) es la arritmia sostenida más común en adultos mayores; su prevalencia y mortalidad se asocia positivamente con la edad. Presentación del caso: Mujer de 83 años con antecedente de hipertensión, hemodinámicamente estable. El electrocardiograma en reposo de 12 derivaciones diagnosticó FA. La cardio-versión farmacológica (CF) de la FA causó deterioro en el estado hemodinámico del paciente y alteró el estado de conciencia (pre-síncope). El monitoreo HOLTER después de administrar digoxina detectó taquicardia supraventricular sostenida y fibrilación ventricular (FV), resultando en muerte súbita (MS). Conclusiones: La MS del paciente pudo deberse al alargamiento del intervalo QT y éste, a la alteración hidroelectrolítica y/o la CF. Debido a que no se confirmó la alteración hidroelectrolítica, sugerimos la CF como la causa probable. Al no observarse cardiopatías coronarias (CC), posiblemente la FV causó isquemia aguda (IA) y ésta, a su vez, la MS. La FA fue persistente, de larga duración y no cardio-reversible

Clinical Characteristics and Risk Factors For Mortality During the \u27First Wave\u27 of COVID-19 In Reynosa, Tamaulipas

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has impacted public health in Mexico. As of February 2020, there have been at least four waves of contagion that resulted in 5.82 million positive cases and more than 325 thousand deaths. At the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic, hospital and population-based information was available, frequently with non-specific symptoms. Little was known about the risk factors for mortality in specific conditions. We described the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Reynosa, Tamaulipas during 2020 and identified the risk factors for mortality. Methods: The COVID-19 cases registered from March to November 2020 in Reynosa were divided into survivors and non-survivors. The study had a retrospective cohort design. Data was obtained from the platform of the Respiratory Disease Surveillance System (SISVER), belonging to the National Epidemiological Surveillance System (SINAVE) of the Mexican Ministry of Health (https://sinave.gob.mx/). The variables considered were the age and gender of each patient. Twenty-five symptoms were included (fever, cough, headache, myalgia, arthralgia, among others); the outcome variable was the detection of COVID-19. Associated comorbidities were diabetes, obesity, hypertension, among others. The outcome variable was mortality. Data were analyzed using χ2 tests, Mann-Whitney tests, principal component analysis, and the Cox regression model. Results:The highest number of COVID-19 cases and deaths was observed in July, in men between 36-40 years old. The most frequent symptoms (37-51%) were headache, fever, cough, myalgia, and arthralgia. Clinical characteristics between survivors and non-survivors were significant (P Conclusions: The most frequent symptoms in positive COVID-19 patients in Reynosa during 2020 were headache, fever, cough, myalgia, and arthralgia. Age, gender and diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, COPD, and CKD increase mortality. The factors with the highest risk of death were age over 80 years, admitted to the ICU or intubated

Analysis of Fusarium-Common Beans Pathosystem in Aguascalientes, Mexico

In Mexico, high incidences of Fusarium affect common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) production, reducing grain yields due to seedling death and crop standing reductions. Production of resistant germplasm could be an appropriate strategy for grain yield increasing. Bean breeding programs need the former analysis of plant-pathogen pathosystem to perform the selection of segregating populations with improved resistance to root rot pathogens and the best agroecosystem adaptation. Here, we report our results on characterization of genetic variability patterns of Fusarium solani f. sp. phaseoli (FSP) from Aguascalientes, México; the analysis of P. vulgaris germplasm reactions to highly and naturally FSP-infested field and controlled conditions; and the identification of genetic basis of resistance to FSP root rot in segregating common bean populations. Significant genetic variability in FSP isolates from Aguascalientes and other regions of México was found. Also, we found high variation on reactions to FSP root rots, resistance was more frequent on black seed-coated beans, and susceptibility was common in pinto beans. Resistance to FSP in BAT 477 seedlings was associated with one quantitative trait loci (QTL)

Características clínicas y factores de riesgo para mortalidad durante la ‘Primera Ola’ de COVID-19 en Reynosa, Tamaulipas

To describe the clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 in Reynosa, Tamaulipas during 2020 and to identify the risk factors for mortality. Material and methods: The COVID-19 cases registered from March to November 2020 in Reynosa were divided into survivors and non-survivors. Data were analyzed using χ2 tests, Mann-Whitney tests, principal component analysis, and Cox’s regression. Results: The highest number of COVID-19 cases and deaths was observed in July, in men between 36-40 years old. The most frequent symptoms (37-51%) were headache, fever, cough, myalgia, and arthralgia. Clinical characteristics between survivors and non-survivors were significant (P<0.05) in all cases, except for age (21-40 years), COVID-19 contact, and history of asthma. Age, gender (men), diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, COPD, and chronic kidney disease (CKD) were associated with risk of death from COVID-19 (P<0.05). The highest fatality rates happened in patients over 80 years of age, ICU admission, or need for intubation (P<0.0001). Conclusions: The most frequent symptoms in COVID-19 patients in Reynosa during 2020 were headache, fever, cough, myalgia, and arthralgia. Age, gender, diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, COPD, and CKD increase mortality. The factors with the highest mortality risk were age over 80 years, admitted to the icu or intubated.Describir las características clínicas de pacientes con COVID-19 en Reynosa, Tamaulipas en el 2020 e identificar factores de riesgo para mortalidad. Material y métodos: Los casos COVID-19 registrados de marzo a noviembre de 2020 en Reynosa se dividieron en supervivientes y no supervivientes. Los datos se analizaron mediante pruebas de χ2 y Mann-Whitney, análisis de componentes principales y regresión de Cox. Resultados: El mayor número de casos COVID-19 y de decesos se observó en julio, en hombres de 36-40 años. Los síntomas más frecuentes (37-51%) fueron cefalea, fiebre, tos, mialgia y artralgia. Las características clínicas entre sobrevivientes y no sobrevivientes fueron significativas (P<0.05) en todos los casos, excepto para edad (21-40 años), contacto COVID-19 y antecedentes de asma. La edad, el género (hombres), diabetes, hta, cardiopatías, copd, epoc y enfermedad crónica del riñón (ecr) se asociaron con riesgo de muerte por COVID-19 (P<0.05). La mayor mortalidad ocurrió con más de 80 años, ingreso a uci o necesidad de intubación (P<0.0001). Conclusiones: Los síntomas más frecuentes en pacientes COVID-19 de Reynosa durante 2020 fueron cefalea, fiebre, tos, mialgia y artralgia. La edad, género, diabetes, hta, cardiopatías, copd, epoc y ecr incrementaron la mortalidad. La mayor mortalidad se observó con más de 80 años, internados en uci o intubados

Diversity of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Landraces and the Nutritional Value of their Grains

Grain legumes are considered major sources of dietary proteins, calories, certain minerals and vitamins, and they are the most widely cultivated and consumed crops worldwide. Among them are the common beans, whose major production volumes came from landraces cultivated in traditional farming systems. The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic diversity of a set of common bean landraces from Mexico based on the agromorphological traits and nutritional composition of the grain in the context of traditional farming systems. Different field and laboratory data were collected and complemented with secondary information published in refereed journals and research reports. The results showed that there are significant differences in the morphological and physiological traits of the plant, pod and grain among groups of common bean landraces of different geographic origins, which were associated with different indigenous groups. Similar patterns were observed in the contents of anthocyanins, polyphenols, flavoinds and minerals as well as antioxidant activity. In the evaluated population groups in each region, there are outstanding populations in terms of agromorphological traits and the nutritional value of the grain that can enable a participatory breeding initiative guided by regional objectives. Some populations from Sierra Norte, Oaxaca, presented higher values in Zn and Fe, and populations from Estado de Mexico exhibited high polyphenol and flavonoid values but stable agronomic behaviour