Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. ve Usnea intermedia (A.Massal.) Jatta Likenlerinin Antimikrobiyal Aktiviteleri Üzerine Araştırmalar

Bu çalışmada Bursa-Uludağ Milli Park civarından toplanan Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. ve Usnea intermedia (A.Massal.) Jatta likenlerinin Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580, Citrobacter freundii ATCC 8090, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25992, Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 8724, Listeria innocua ATCC 33090, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella enteridis ATCC 13076, Salmonella typhimurium CCM 5445, Shigella flexneri ATCC 12022, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 3699, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Yersinia pestis ATCC 19428, Candida albicans ATCC 90028, Candida glabrata ATCC 90030, Candida lipolytica ATCC 8660, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019, Candida tropicalis ATCC 4563, Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 32045, Debaryomyces hansenii DSM 70238, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9796 türlerine karşı antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri araştırılmıştır. Bulgulara göre; Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. likeninin en yüksek antimikrobiyal aktivitesi Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076 ve Candida albicans ATCC 90028 türlerine karşı bulunurken, Usnea intermedia (A.Massal) Jatta likeninin en yüksek antimikrobiyal aktivitesi Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 ve Candida albicans ATCC 90028 türlerinde ölçülmüştür. Liken türlerinin diğer tüm mikroorganizmalara karşı farklı seviyelerde antimikrobiyal aktivite gösterdikleri saptanmıştır

In vitro investigation of the effect of different polarity solvent extracts of walnut inner shells on the enzyme pathway associated with plasma cholesterol level

YÖK Tez No: 692426Kolesterol, canlıların yapı taşı olan hücrelerdeki işlevselliği bakımından kritik öneme sahip bir moleküldür. Fazlalığı ve azlığı hücre membran yapısında bozunmalara ve hasara sebep olmaktadır. Bunları engellemek için diyetle alınan kolesterol miktarı dengeli tutulmakta, gerekirse tıbbi tedavilere başvurulmaktadır. Ek olarak, halk, doğal ve bitkisel ürünlere de başvurmaktadır. Ceviz iç kabuğunun kolesterol üzerinde etkili olduğu varsayımından yola çıkılarak dizayn edilen bu çalışmada, farklı polaritedeki çözücülerde hazırlanan ceviz iç kabuk ekstraktlarının gaz kromatografisi-kütle spektrometresinde (GC-MS) içerik analizi yapılmış ve 3-hidroksi-3-metilglutaril koenzim A (HMG-KoA) redüktaz ve kolesterol esteraz üzerine etkisi in vitro olarak araştırılmıştır. 50 ml'lik distile su, metanol, etanol, aseton, hekzan ve siklohekzan çözücülerinde 5 gr ceviz iç kabuk numuneleri yirmidört saat ayrı ayrı bekletilerek ekstrakte edildi. Ayrıca distile suda bir saat kaynatma ile ayrı bir solüsyon hazırlandı. Numuneler helyum mobil fazında ve kademeli sıcaklık artışında GC-MS'te analiz edildi, entegre kütüphane veri tabanı ile tanımlama yapıldı. Her bir ekstraktın 10 mg/mL stok çözeltilerinden seyreltik konsantrasyonlar hazırlandı, HMG-KoA redüktaz ve kolesterol esteraz üzerine etkisi kolorimetrik olarak çoklu plaka okuyucuda tayin edildi. GC-MS taramasında distile su, etanol metanol ekstraklarında çoklu doymamış yağ asiti, terpen ve fenolik bileşik türevleri, hekzan, siklohekzan ve aseton ekstraktlarında doymuş hidrokarbon (alkan) bileşikleri görüldü. HMG-KoA redüktaz üzerinde %3,2'lik inhibisyon etki asetonlu ekstraktın 2 ?g/mL konsantrasyonunda görülürken, kolesterol esteraz üzerindeki %13,6 inhibisyon etki distile suda bir gün bekletilen ekstraktın 67 ?g/mL konsantrasyonunda görüldü. Bu tez çalışması ile ceviz iç kabuğu ekstraklarının plazma kolesterol düzeyi ile ilişkili enzim yolaklarında görevli HMG-KoA redüktaz ve kolesterol esteraz üzerine etkisinin olmadığı in vitro olarak saptanmıştır.Cholesterol is a critically important molecule for the functionality of cells, which are the building stones of organisms. Its excess and scarcity cause disruptions and damage to the cell membrane structure. In order to prevent these, the amount of cholesterol taken in the diet has kept balanced, and medical treatments are applied if necessary. In addition, the public also applies to natural and herbal products. In this study, which was designed based on the assumption that walnut inner shells have an effect on cholesterol, content analysis of walnut inner shell extracts prepared in solvents of different polarity was carried out in gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and the effect of extracts on 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase and cholesterol esterase was investigated in vitro. 5 g walnut inner shell was extracted separately in 50 ml distilled water, methanol, ethanol, acetone, hexane and cyclohexane solvents for twenty-four hours. Furthermore, a separate solution was prepared by boiling in distilled water for one hour. Samples were analyzed in GC-MS in helium mobile phase and gradual temperature increase, identification was made with the integrated library database. Dilute concentrations of each extract were prepared from 10 mg/mL stock solutions, the effect on HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol esterase was determined colorimetrically in a multi-plate reader. In the GC-MS scanning, polyunsaturated fatty acid, terpene and phenolic compound derivatives were seen in distilled water, ethanol, methanol extracts, and saturated hydrocarbon (alkane) compounds in hexane, cyclohexane and acetone extracts. While % 3.2 inhibition effect on HMG-CoA reductase was seen at 2 ?g/mL concentration of acetone extract, % 13.6 inhibition effect on cholesterol esterase was seen at 67 ?g/mL concentration of the extract kept in distilled water for one day. In this thesis, it was determined in vitro that walnut inner shells had no effect on HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol esterase, which are enzyme pathways related to plasma cholesterol levels

The studies on antimicrobial activities of the lichens Ramalina farinacea (L.) ach. and Usnea intermedia (A.Massal.) jatta

YÖK Tez No: 394475Bu çalışmada Bursa-Uludağ Milli Park civarından toplanan Ramalina farinacea ve Usnea intermedia likenlerinin Soxhlet cihazında etanol ekstraksiyonları yapıldı. Bu ekstrelerden 25µL, 50µL ve 75µL alınarak disk difüzyon yöntemi ile Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580, Citrobacter freundii ATCC 8090, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25992, Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 8724, Listeria innocua ATCC 33090, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076, Salmonella typhimurium CCM 5445, Shigella flexneri ATCC 12022, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 3699, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Yersinia pestis ATCC 19428 bakteri türleri ve Candida albicans ATCC 90028, Candida glabrata ATCC 90030, Candida lipolytica ATCC 8660, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019, Candida tropicalis ATCC 4563, Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 32045, Debaryomyces hansenii DSM 70238, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9796 maya kültürlerine karşı antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri araştırıldı. Sonuçlar standart antifungal ve antibakteriyel antibiyotiklerle karşılaştırıldı ve kontrol olarak sadece çözücünün emdirildiği diskler kullanıldı. Bulgulara göre; Ramalina farinacea likeninin en yüksek antimikrobiyal aktivitesi Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076 ve Candida albicans ATCC 90028 türlerine karşı bulundu. Usnea intermedia likeninin en yüksek antimikrobiyal aktivitesi Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 ve Candida albicans ATCC 90028 türlerinde ölçüldü. Liken türlerinin diğer tüm mikroorganizmalara karşı farklı seviyelerde antimikrobiyal aktivite gösterdikleri saptandı.In this study Ramalina farinacea and Usnea intermedia lichens which were collected from The National Park around Bursa-Uludag ethanol extractions were performed in the Soxhlet. By taking 25µL, 50µL and 75µL of the lichen extracts were investigated antimicrobial activity against the bacterial cultures; Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580,Citrobacter freundii ATCC 8090, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25992, Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 8724, Listeria innocua ATCC 33090, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076, Salmonella typhimurium CCM 5445, Shigella flexneri ATCC 12022, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 3699, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Yersinia pestis ATCC 19428 and the yeast cultures; Candida albicans ATCC 90028, Candida glabrata ATCC 90030, Candida lipolytica ATCC 8660, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019, Candida tropicalis ATCC 4563, Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 32045, Debaryomyces hansenii DSM 70238, Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9796 with the disc diffusion method. The results were compared with standart antifungal and antibacterial antibiotics and as control was used the only solvent impregnated discs. According to the findings; the highest antimicrobial activity of Ramalina farinacea was found against Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076 and Candida albicans ATCC 90028. The highest antimicrobial activity of Usnea intermedia was evaluated against Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 and Candida albicans ATCC 90028. Lichen species were determined to show at different levels of antimicrobial activity against all other microorganisms

Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. ve Usnea intermedia (A.Massal.) Jatta Likenlerinin Antimikrobiyal Aktiviteleri Üzerine Araştırmalar

Bu çalışmada Bursa-Uludağ Milli Park civarından toplanan Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. ve Usnea intermedia (A. Massal.) Jatta likenlerinin Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580, Citrobacter freundii ATCC 8090, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25992, Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 8724, Listeria innocua ATCC 33090, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella enteridis ATCC 13076, Salmonella typhimurium CCM 5445, Shigella flexneri ATCC 12022, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 3699, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Yersinia pestis ATCC 19428, Candida albicans ATCC 90028, Candida glabrata ATCC 90030, Candida lipolytica ATCC 8660, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019, Candida tropicalis ATCC 4563, Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 32045, Debaryomyces hansenii DSM 70238,  Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9796 türlerine karşı antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri araştırılmıştır.Bulgulara göre; Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. likeninin en yüksek antimikrobiyal aktivitesi Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076 ve Candida albicans ATCC 90028 türlerine karşı bulunurken, Usnea intermedia (A. Massal) Jatta likeninin en yüksek antimikrobiyal aktivitesi Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 ve Candida albicans ATCC 90028 türlerinde ölçülmüştür. Liken türlerinin diğer tüm mikroorganizmalara karşı farklı seviyelerde antimikrobiyal aktivite gösterdikleri saptanmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Antimikrobiyal Aktivite, Ramalina farinacea, Usnea intermedi

Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. ve Usnea intermedia (A.Massal.) Jatta Likenlerinin Antimikrobiyal Aktiviteleri Üzerine Araştırmalar

Bu çalışmada Bursa-Uludağ Milli Park civarından toplanan Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. ve Usnea intermedia (A. Massal.) Jatta likenlerinin Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580, Citrobacter freundii ATCC 8090, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25992, Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 8724, Listeria innocua ATCC 33090, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella enteridis ATCC 13076, Salmonella typhimurium CCM 5445, Shigella flexneri ATCC 12022, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 3699, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Yersinia pestis ATCC 19428, Candida albicans ATCC 90028, Candida glabrata ATCC 90030, Candida lipolytica ATCC 8660, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019, Candida tropicalis ATCC 4563, Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 32045, Debaryomyces hansenii DSM 70238,  Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9796 türlerine karşı antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri araştırılmıştır.Bulgulara göre; Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. likeninin en yüksek antimikrobiyal aktivitesi Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076 ve Candida albicans ATCC 90028 türlerine karşı bulunurken, Usnea intermedia (A. Massal) Jatta likeninin en yüksek antimikrobiyal aktivitesi Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 ve Candida albicans ATCC 90028 türlerinde ölçülmüştür. Liken türlerinin diğer tüm mikroorganizmalara karşı farklı seviyelerde antimikrobiyal aktivite gösterdikleri saptanmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Antimikrobiyal Aktivite, Ramalina farinacea, Usnea intermedi

Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. ve Usnea intermedia (A.Massal.) Jatta Likenlerinin Antimikrobiyal Aktiviteleri Üzerine Araştırmalar

Bu çalışmada Bursa-Uludağ Milli Park civarından toplanan Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. ve Usnea intermedia (A. Massal.) Jatta likenlerinin Bacillus cereus ATCC 7064, Bacillus licheniformis ATCC 14580, Citrobacter freundii ATCC 8090, Enterococcus faecalis ATCC 29212, Escherichia coli ATCC 25992, Klebsiella oxytoca ATCC 8724, Listeria innocua ATCC 33090, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 8427, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 27853, Salmonella enteridis ATCC 13076, Salmonella typhimurium CCM 5445, Shigella flexneri ATCC 12022, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538P, Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 3699, Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Yersinia pestis ATCC 19428, Candida albicans ATCC 90028, Candida glabrata ATCC 90030, Candida lipolytica ATCC 8660, Candida parapsilosis ATCC 22019, Candida tropicalis ATCC 4563, Cryptococcus neoformans ATCC 32045, Debaryomyces hansenii DSM 70238,  Saccharomyces cerevisiae ATCC 9796 türlerine karşı antimikrobiyal aktiviteleri araştırılmıştır.Bulgulara göre; Ramalina farinacea (L.) Ach. likeninin en yüksek antimikrobiyal aktivitesi Salmonella enteritidis ATCC 13076 ve Candida albicans ATCC 90028 türlerine karşı bulunurken, Usnea intermedia (A. Massal) Jatta likeninin en yüksek antimikrobiyal aktivitesi Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615 ve Candida albicans ATCC 90028 türlerinde ölçülmüştür. Liken türlerinin diğer tüm mikroorganizmalara karşı farklı seviyelerde antimikrobiyal aktivite gösterdikleri saptanmıştır.Anahtar Kelimeler: Antimikrobiyal Aktivite, Ramalina farinacea, Usnea intermedi

Synthesis of novel Schiff bases using green chemistry techniques; antimicrobial, antioxidant, antiurease activity screening and molecular docking studies

Schiff base derivatives were synthesized in this study via conventional, microwave irradiation and ultrasound sonication methods. Optimization conditions were examined for several parameter such as solvent, reaction time and yield. After determining the optimization conditions, the compounds were synthesized by using ultrasound sonication. The structures of the synthesized compounds were examined by spectral data, and the antiurease, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the Schiff bases derivatives were investigated due to the imine group (-C=N-) and promising results were obtained. The enzyme inhibitory potentials of these compounds were further validated through molecular docking studies. Also, In Silico ADME prediction studies were calculated for compounds

Does the minor trauma during pregnancy have any effect on perinatal outcome?

Objective: Women having major trauma during pregnancy are at increased risk for both maternal and fetal morbidity. However, the association between minor trauma and adverse perinatal outcomes is still unknown. Therefore, we aimed to analyze the incidence of minor trauma in pregnancy and effect on the outcomes of pregnancy. Methods: The data of patients, who were admitted to the emergency service of Etlik Zübeyde Hanım Women’s Health Training and Research Hospital between January 2013 and December 2014, were evaluated. A total of 283 patients (0.3%), who had minor trauma during pregnancy, were included in the study. Demographic and obstetric data were analyzed with descriptive statistics. Additionally, antenatal complications and pregnancy outcomes were evaluated in 188 patients, who were followed during pregnancy and delivered their babies at our hospital Results: During the study period, of 105,727 women who were admitted to the emergency service of our hospital, 283 (0.3%) had minor trauma during pregnancy. The causes of minor trauma, in order of frequency, included home accidents (81.3%), domestic violence (9.9%) and traffic accidents (8.8%). Preterm delivery has been the most frequently antenatal complication observed in these patients (15.4%). Conclusion: Home accidents and domestic violence are the most common causes of minor trauma during pregnancy, and the patients are particularly at risk during the second trimester. The patients must be cautioned regarding the risk of preterm delivery and advised to attend regular pregnancy follow-up visits due to the fact that these patients have a higher risk of preterm delivery