14 research outputs found
Die Oberste Justizstelle in Wien (1749–1848). Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs|Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs Band 2 / 2016|
The origin of a judicial authority serving as a central court of the hereditary provinces of the Habsburg monarchy was result of the reform of 1749, by which the union of the Austrian and Bohemian provinces was transformed into a centralized state: By separating administrative from judicial affairs, a promotion of jurisdiction should be effectuated. The territorial scope of the new judicial authority was limited to the Union of non-Hungarian (Cisleithanian) provinces of the Austrian monarchy; its factual jurisdiction comprised all civil and criminal matters (except for military personnel) as well as specific agendas in the field of voluntary jurisdiction. In addition to these competences relating to the jurisdiction of general courts, the Supreme Justice Office was also responsible for matters under the jurisdiction of public law courts, as well as for several agendas in regard to the administration of justice. During the Vormärz’ period the Supreme Justice Office developed into a court in criminal tax law as well as an intergovernmental arbitration body of the German Confederation. In addition to all these tasks it played a significant role in the field of legislation by issuing opinions on draft laws. Immediately after the outbreak of the 1848 revolution, the Supreme Justice Office served as a provisional Supreme Court for the Cisleithanian provinces of the Austrian monarchy
Franz Zeiller und das Strafrecht: Seine Ambitionen zur Verbesserung des österreichischen Strafgesetzes von 1803
Franz Zeiller es reconocido como uno de los más connotados juristas austriacos. Su relevancia para Austria y para la cultura legal europea es reflejo de sus logros en el campo de la legislación. Como editor del Código Civil General Austriaco de 1811 paso a formar parte de la historia. Para mayor abundamiento, preparó esta creación legislativa para la práctica judicial con una serie de comentarios, que el dia de hoy se traducen como interpretaciones auténticas del mismo. Otro trabajo de Zeiller en el campo legislativo fue el Código Penal de 1803, que pasó a segundo plano tras la publicación del ya mencionado Código Civil, pero al cual se le sigue reconociendo una longevidad impresionante incluso tras las modificaciones realizadas en 1852. Tras dichas reformas, se mantuvo vigente hasta 1974. El siguiente trabajo se focaliza en el esfuerzo de Zeiller de mejorar su Código Penal, y entrega una idea general que permitirá reflexiones futuras en cuanto a la corrección de 1os códigos legales
El papel del juez en el área penal: nuevas investigaciones en Austria e Iberoamérica
The text informs about the projection in other continents of the Austrian penal codification, through the Strafgesetz of 1803. Specifically the position of the criminal judge and the figure of the aggravating and attenuating ones.El texto informa sobre la proyección en otros continentes de la codificación penal austriaca, a través de la Strafgesetz de 1803. Específicamente la posición del juez penal y la figura de las agravantes y atenuantes
Die Oberste Justizstelle in Wien (1749–1848). Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs|Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs Band 2 / 2016|
The origin of a judicial authority serving as a central court of the hereditary provinces of the Habsburg monarchy was result of the reform of 1749, by which the union of the Austrian and Bohemian provinces was transformed into a centralized state: By separating administrative from judicial affairs, a promotion of jurisdiction should be effectuated. The territorial scope of the new judicial authority was limited to the Union of non-Hungarian (Cisleithanian) provinces of the Austrian monarchy; its factual jurisdiction comprised all civil and criminal matters (except for military personnel) as well as specific agendas in the field of voluntary jurisdiction. In addition to these competences relating to the jurisdiction of general courts, the Supreme Justice Office was also responsible for matters under the jurisdiction of public law courts, as well as for several agendas in regard to the administration of justice. During the Vormärz’ period the Supreme Justice Office developed into a court in criminal tax law as well as an intergovernmental arbitration body of the German Confederation. In addition to all these tasks it played a significant role in the field of legislation by issuing opinions on draft laws. Immediately after the outbreak of the 1848 revolution, the Supreme Justice Office served as a provisional Supreme Court for the Cisleithanian provinces of the Austrian monarchy
Rechtsformen letztwilliger Verfügungen in den Wiener Stadtbüchern (1395–1430) Eine Bilanz aufgrund der vorliegenden Edition. Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs|Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs Band 1 / 2011 Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs 1|
Die ältesten Quellen zur Kodifikationsgeschichte des österreichischen ABGB
"... habent sua fata libelli": Nowadays this saying is usually used to state, that a text is only able to impart as much message, as the reader is willing to understand. However, we can make use of this saying in another sense too - for instance just as James Joyce used to say: to give a "book in print a life of its own"; meaning that the fate of a book is above all built on the fact, that it was put into the world. Of course there are papers, which never caught sight of the world, or which later got lost - for example due to a fire-disaster. On the 15th of July 1927, the most important files about the history of the making of Austria's General Civil Code sustained such a fate, due to the fire-disaster in the Viennese Palace of Justice, where these documents have been treasured at the Archive of the Ministry of Justice.
This destruction, however, did not lead to the total loss of legal sources relevant to the legal history of Austria's General Civil Code. The most important documents regarding the beginning of the composition of the Austrian General Civil Code have been preserved by Harrasowksy in his edition of the Codex Theresianus in 1883/86. Nevertheless some of the eldest materials, that have been marking the very beginning of the composition of the Codex Theresianus in 1753, composed by the first law-making commission, the so called Compilating-Commission, remained disregarded and untouched in the archives: to begin with, this is a "plan", drawn up by Josef Azzoni in May 1753, containing not only a disposition of the content of the Codex Theresianus, but also a first description of it. Therefore this "plan" can be seen just as a preliminary draft of the project of the Codex Theresianus. Moreover this is a series of descriptions about civil laws, valid for different hereditary provinces of the Habsburg Monarchy, which should then serve as basic sources in regard of the project of an unified Civil Code, which was provided as a common law for the entire monarchy instead of particular laws in different provinces. In his edition of the Codex Theresianus Harrasowsky specified only the headlines of Azzonis "plan"; he also presented several descriptions of the Civil Law, valid for the particular hereditary provinces, namely in annotations to the content of the Codex; however only regarding details, and sporadically distributed within the three parts of the Codex.
Since the times of Harrasowsky, legal historical research has not been interested in these eldest materials about the history of the Austrian General Civil Code. Only since World Word II literature in legal history is showing a few references to these materials, of course not in a comprehensive matter or in regard of specific questions dealing with certain contents of specific text modules. Among all these materials only the description of Holger remained entirely in the archive of the Ministry of Justice. About 75 % of these documents treasured in this archive, were completely destroyed due to the fire-disaster in 1927 - as just mentioned at the begin of this lecture.
A considerable part of records and files of course was salvaged, but partly seriously damaged by fire and water. Among the eldest preparatory works on the Codex Theresianus - except of Holgers illustration of the contemporary Austrian law - furthermore only Azzonis preliminary draft was kept in existence. Not to mention that both documents are showing remarkable marks of the disaster of 1927, nevertheless these damages are not extensive, and this was leading to the allowance of Austrian Archive of Administration, where these documents are actually preserved, to use them for the purpose of an edition
Eherecht und „Scheinmigration“ im 19. Jahrhundert: Siebenbürgische und ungarische, deutsche und Coburger Ehen. Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs|Beiträge zur Rechtsgeschichte Österreichs Band 1 / 2012|
Among institutes of Austrian Civil Law none other oftener was exposed to attempts of amendments than marriage law. In this connection main point of contact was the question if judicial separation of a married state in lifetime of marital partners should be allowed or not. Since 1875 Austria and her confessional discriminating marriage law just was surrounded by states in which marriage was obligatory without religious ceremony, and – independent of confession – judicial separation of a married state with authority to remarriage was permitted. This took place first of all in Germany and Hungary. In order to give rise to the application of German or Hungarian marriage law – except for possibly changing to protestant confession – for Catholics, who only were separated from table and bed, but intending to do remarriage, it was put up with changing domicile and citizenship – at least for a short time.
Die ältesten Quellen zur Kodifikationsgeschichte des österreichischen ABGB
"... habent sua fata libelli": Nowadays this saying is usually used to state, that a text is only able to impart as much message, as the reader is willing to understand. However, we can make use of this saying in another sense too - for instance just as James Joyce used to say: to give a "book in print a life of its own"; meaning that the fate of a book is above all built on the fact, that it was put into the world. Of course there are papers, which never caught sight of the world, or which later got lost - for example due to a fire-disaster. On the 15th of July 1927, the most important files about the history of the making of Austria's General Civil Code sustained such a fate, due to the fire-disaster in the Viennese Palace of Justice, where these documents have been treasured at the Archive of the Ministry of Justice.
This destruction, however, did not lead to the total loss of legal sources relevant to the legal history of Austria's General Civil Code. The most important documents regarding the beginning of the composition of the Austrian General Civil Code have been preserved by Harrasowksy in his edition of the Codex Theresianus in 1883/86. Nevertheless some of the eldest materials, that have been marking the very beginning of the composition of the Codex Theresianus in 1753, composed by the first law-making commission, the so called Compilating-Commission, remained disregarded and untouched in the archives: to begin with, this is a "plan", drawn up by Josef Azzoni in May 1753, containing not only a disposition of the content of the Codex Theresianus, but also a first description of it. Therefore this "plan" can be seen just as a preliminary draft of the project of the Codex Theresianus. Moreover this is a series of descriptions about civil laws, valid for different hereditary provinces of the Habsburg Monarchy, which should then serve as basic sources in regard of the project of an unified Civil Code, which was provided as a common law for the entire monarchy instead of particular laws in different provinces. In his edition of the Codex Theresianus Harrasowsky specified only the headlines of Azzonis "plan"; he also presented several descriptions of the Civil Law, valid for the particular hereditary provinces, namely in annotations to the content of the Codex; however only regarding details, and sporadically distributed within the three parts of the Codex.
Since the times of Harrasowsky, legal historical research has not been interested in these eldest materials about the history of the Austrian General Civil Code. Only since World Word II literature in legal history is showing a few references to these materials, of course not in a comprehensive matter or in regard of specific questions dealing with certain contents of specific text modules. Among all these materials only the description of Holger remained entirely in the archive of the Ministry of Justice. About 75 % of these documents treasured in this archive, were completely destroyed due to the fire-disaster in 1927 - as just mentioned at the begin of this lecture.
A considerable part of records and files of course was salvaged, but partly seriously damaged by fire and water. Among the eldest preparatory works on the Codex Theresianus - except of Holgers illustration of the contemporary Austrian law - furthermore only Azzonis preliminary draft was kept in existence. Not to mention that both documents are showing remarkable marks of the disaster of 1927, nevertheless these damages are not extensive, and this was leading to the allowance of Austrian Archive of Administration, where these documents are actually preserved, to use them for the purpose of an edition."... habent sua fata libelli"; dieser Satz wird gewöhnlich in dem Sinn gebraucht, dass ein Text nur so viel Aussage vermitteln kann, wie der individuelle Leser überhaupt zu erfassen bereit ist. Man kann dieses Sprichwort aber auch so verstehen wie James Joyce: to give a "book in print a life of its own". Das Schicksal eines Buches hängt demnach vor allem davon ab, dass der Text überhaupt in die Welt gelangt.
Es gibt Texte, die in diesem Sinne nie das Licht der Welt erblickt haben oder die später verloren gegangen sind - etwa durch eine Brandkatastrophe, in welcher das einzige Exemplar eines Textes vernichtet wurde. Am 15. Juli 1927 haben die wichtigsten Akten zur Entstehungsgeschichte des österreichischen ABGB ein solches Schicksal erlitten, nämlich beim Brand des Wiener Justizpalastes, wo sie im Archiv des Justizministeriums verwahrt waren. Für die Gesetzgebungs- und Wissenschaftsgeschichte des österreichischen Zivilrechts hat diese Vernichtung zwar keinen Totalverlust der betreffenden rechtshistorischen Quellen nach sich gezogen, weil seit der Herausgabe des Codex Theresianus und seiner Umarbeitungen durch Harrasowsky 1883/86 die wichtigsten Materialien für den Beginn der Gesetzgebungsgeschichte des österreichischen ABGB nahezu vollständig überblickt werden konnten. Die ältesten Materialien aber, welche 1753 am Beginn der Ausarbeitung des 1766 vollendeten Codex Theresianus durch die sogenannte Kompilationskommission standen, sind damals unbeachtet im Archiv verblieben: zum einen der von Josef Azzoni im Mai 1753 vorgelegte "Plan" für den "Entwurf des Codex Theresianus", der nicht nur ein formelles Gliederungskonzept für die Ausarbeitung dieses Projekts bot, sondern bereits eine erste Beschreibung des künftigen Inhalts enthielt, und somit als "Vorentwurf" zum Projekt des Codex Theresianus angesehen werden kann. Zum anderen sind es die von den Mitgliedern der Kompilationskommission als materielle Grundlage für die mit diesem Projekt initiierte Vereinheitlichung des Privatrechts in den deutschen Erbländern der Habsburgermonarchie gelieferten Darstellungen der einzelnen Länderrechte, aus denen ein allgemeines Recht abgeleitet werden sollte. Harrasowsky hat von diesen Materialien lediglich die Gliederungsüberschriften von Azzonis Vorentwurf wiedergegeben. Die Darstellungen der einzelnen Länderrechte haben in seiner Edition des Codex Theresianus zwar auch Berücksichtigung gefunden - allerdings nur punktuell und auch weit verstreut in den Anmerkungen zu den einzelnen Kapiteln des Codex.
Die rechtshistorische Forschung hat sich seit Harrasowsky für diese ältesten Materialien zur Gesetzgebungsgeschichte des ABGB nicht mehr interessiert. Erst seit dem Zweiten Weltkrieg sind in der Literatur vereinzelte Hinweise auf diese Materialien zu finden, freilich nicht im Sinne einer umfassenden oder in Bezug auf einzelne Fragen tiefgehenden inhaltlichen Befassung mit diesen Texten. Von diesen Berichten über die Länderrechte ist heute auch nur mehr jene von Holger in vollem Umfang im Justizarchiv erhalten. Etwa 75 % dieser Bestände sind durch die eingangs erwähnte Brandkatastrophe vom 15. Juli 1927 vernichtet worden. Von den ältesten Materialien zum Codex Theresianus ist - außer der Darstellung von Holger zum österreichischen Privatrecht seiner Zeit - nur noch der "Vorentwurf" von Azzoni nahezu vollständig erhalten geblieben. Beide Texte weisen zwar deutliche Spuren der Katastrophe von 1927 auf, die Brandschäden sind aber nicht umfassend, so dass sie im Österreichischen Verwaltungsarchiv zur Benützung offenstanden und eine Transkription dieser Texte für die beabsichtigte Edition möglich war