INITIAL GROWTH OF PHYSIC NUT SUBMITTED TO DIFFERENT WATER REGIMES IN DYSTROPHIC HAPLUSTOX

O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o crescimento inicial e algumas vari\ue1veis fisiol\uf3gicas de pinh\ue3omanso ( Jatropha curcas L.) submetido a diferentes regimes h\ueddricos em Latossolo Vermelho distr\uf3fico. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegeta\ue7\ue3o da Embrapa Agropecu\ue1ria Oeste, em Dourados-MS. Os tratamentos corresponderam aos regimes h\ueddricos de 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100% da capacidade de reten\ue7\ue3o de \ue1gua no solo. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o inteiramente casualizado com cinco regimes h\ueddricos e cinco repeti\ue7\uf5es. As avalia\ue7\uf5es de altura de plantas, di\ue2metro de caule e n\ufamero de folhas foram realizadas em seis \ue9pocas, enquanto as vari\ue1veis condut\ue2ncia estom\ue1tica e taxa fotossint\ue9tica foram determinadas em duas \ue9pocas. No t\ue9rmino do experimento avaliaram-se \ue1rea foliar, massa seca de folhas, pec\uedolos, caules e ra\uedzes de todas as plantas de pinh\ue3o-manso. Os regimes h\ueddricos de 60 e 80% da capacidade de reten\ue7\ue3o de \ue1gua no solo proporcionam as melhores respostas para as vari\ue1veis fisiol\uf3gicas e de crescimento na fase inicial do pinh\ue3o-manso. Teores de \ue1gua dispon\uedvel em um Latossolo Vermelho distr\uf3fico, abaixo de 60% e superiores a 80% da capacidade de reten\ue7\ue3o de \ue1gua no solo, induzem sinais de estresse h\ueddrico em plantas jovens de pinh\ue3o-manso.The objective of this work was to evaluate different water regimes on initial growth and some physiological variables of physic nut ( Jatropha curcas L.) in dystrophic Haplustox. The experiment was carried under greenhouse conditions of the Embrapa Western Agriculture, located in Dourados, Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil. Treatments corresponded to water regimes of 20, 40, 60, 80 e 100% of the soil water retention capacity. The experimental design adopted was completely randomized with five treatments and five replicates. The evaluations of plants height, stem diameter and number of leaves were performed in six dates, while the variables stomatal conductance and photosynthetic rate were determined in two dates. At the end of experiment were evaluated the leaf area, dry mass of the leaves, petioles, stems and roots of all plants of physic nut. The water regimes of 60% and 80% of the soil water retention capacity provide the best responses to the physiological variables and of growth in the initial phase of physic nut. Available water contents in a dystrophic Haplustox, below of 60% and superiors the 80% of the soil water retention capacity induce signs of water stress in young plants of physic nut

Produção de biomassa de calendula officinalis l. adubada com fósforo e cama-de-frango Biomass yield of Calendula officinalis L. fertilized with phosporus and chicken manure

Objetivou-se, neste trabalho, avaliar a influência do fósforo e da cama-de-frango semidecomposta na produção de capítulos florais da Calendula officinalis L. Os fatores em estudo foram cinco doses de fósforo (4,3; 25,8; 43,0; 60,2; 81,7 kg ha-1 de P2O5), na forma de superfosfato triplo e cinco doses de cama-de-frango semidecomposta (1.000; 6.000; 10.000; 14.000 e 19.000 kg ha-1). Para combinar o fósforo e a cama-de-frango, usou-se a matriz experimental Plan Puebla III resultando em nove tratamentos (25,8 e 6.000; 60,2 e 6.000; 25,8 e 14.000; 60,2 e 14.000; 43,0 e 10.000; 4,3 e 6.000; 81,7 e 14.000; 25,8 e 1.000; 60,2 e 19.000 kg ha-1 de P e cama-de-frango, respectivamente) no delineamento de blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. A altura média final das plantas, aos 120 dias, ficou em torno de 60,0 cm, independente dos tratamentos. A produção máxima de capítulos florais da calêndula foi de 9.755,16 mil ha-1,obtida com o uso de 49,15 kg ha-1 de P2O5 associada a 13.401,10 kg ha-1 de cama-de-frango. A maior produção (11.058,89 kg ha-1)de massa fresca de capítulos florais de calêndula foi obtida com 49,98 kg ha-1 de P2O5 e 13.266,59 kg ha-1 de cama-de-frango. As produções máximas de massas secas de capítulos florais (2.227,61 kg ha-1) foram obtidas com 39,62 kg ha-1 de P2O5 e 8.109,75 kg ha-1 de cama-de-frango. Concluiu-se que para se obter maior produção de massa seca de capítulos florais, componente de maior importância comercial, a calêndula deve ser cultivada utilizando adubação com HH 40 kg ha-1 de P2O5 e H" 8.000 kg ha-1 de cama-de-frango.The aim of this work was to evaluate the influence of phosphorus and semi-decomposed chicken manure on capitula yield of Calendula officinalis L. The studied factors were five doses of phosphorus (4.3, 25.8, 43.0, 60.2, and 81.7 kg ha-1 P2O5) in the triple super phosphate form and five doses of semi-decomposed chicken manure (1000, 6000, 10000, 14000, and 19000 kg ha-1). The Plan Puebla experimental matrix was used to combine phosphors and chicken manure, which resulted in nine treatments, viz. 25.8 + 6000, 60.2 + 6000, 25.8 + 14000, 60.2 + 14000, 43.0 + 10000, 4.3 + 6000, 81.7 + 14000, 25.8 + 1000, and 60.2 + 19000 (first figure representing kg ha-1P; second figure, kg ha-1chicken manure) in randomized block design with four replications. Final average heights of plants at 120 days were about 60.0 cm, independently of the treatments. Maximum yield of pot marigold capitula was 9755.16 x 10³ ha-1, which was obtained with the use of 49.15 kg ha-1 P2O5 associated to 13401.10 kg ha-1 chicken manure. The highest yield (11058.89 kg ha-1)of fresh biomass of pot marigold capitula was obtained with 49.98 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 13266.59 kg ha-1 chicken manure. Maximum yields of dried mass of capitula (2227.61 kg ha-1) were obtained with 39.62 kg ha-1 P2O5 and 8109.75 kg ha-1 chicken manure. It was concluded that to obtain the greatest dried mass yield of capitula, which constituent the most important commercial product of pot marigold, the plant must be cultivated using fertilization with H" 40 kg ha-1 P2O5 and H" 8000 kg ha-1 chicken manure