A gyermekkori malignus kórképek kemoterápiájának leggyakoribb mellékhatása, az oralis mucositis. Irodalmi áttekintés = Oral mucositis as the most common complication of childhood cancer therapy. Review of the literature

Absztrakt: A rosszindulatú daganatok kezelésének leggyakoribb szájüregi komplikációja a mucositis. Az oralis mucositis gyermekkorban sokkal gyakoribb és súlyosabb, mint felnőttek esetében, s különösen igaz ez a leukaemiás gyermekekre. A kemoterápiás szerek a gyorsan osztódó nyálkahártyasejteket is károsítják, így jönnek létre a szájüregi laesiók. A fájdalmas nyálkahártyafekélyek miatt a beteg számára nehezített az evés, az ivás, a nyelés és gyakran a beszéd is. Az oralis mucositis direkt hatással van az életminőségre, és befolyásolhatja a túlélést. A szájnyálkahártya rendszeres vizsgálata elengedhetetlen a kezelés alatt, hogy a mucositis megelőzésének és kezelésének hatékonyságát értékelni lehessen. Számtalan, felnőttek számára kifejlesztett osztályozási rendszer létezik az oralis mucositis tüneteinek észlelésére és mérésére, de gyermekek számára kifejlesztett, általánosan elfogadott módszer nincs. A daganatterápia hatására létrejövő mucositis megelőzése és kezelése nem egyszerű, annak ellenére, hogy már számos módszert és farmakológiai ágenst kipróbáltak. Összefoglalónkban ismertetjük a kemoterápia során kialakuló oralis mucositis létrejöttének lehetséges mechanizmusait, a tünetek értékelésére alkalmas módszereket és azok használhatóságát gyermekek esetében, valamint az oralis mucositis megelőzésének és kezelésének lehetőségeit. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(13): 495–502. | Abstract: Mucositis is the most common oral complication of cancer therapy. Oral mucositis in childhood is more frequent and severe compared to adults, especially in children with leukemia. Lesions develop as the chemotherapeutic agents attack the rapidly dividing cells of the oral mucous membrane. Patients may experience trouble in eating, drinking, swallowing or even speaking due to the significant pain caused by the ulceration of the oral mucosa. Oral mucositis has a direct impact on the quality of life and may affect survival. The regular assessment of the oral mucosa is crucial during chemotherapy to evaluate the effectiveness of the oral mucositis prevention and treatment. Several oral mucositis scoring tools have been developed for adults to qualify the symptoms, but there is no universally accepted assessment scale for children. The prevention and treatment of therapy-related mucositis is difficult, though several methods and pharmacologic agents have been tested. Here we discuss the pathogenesis of chemotherapy-induced oral mucositis, the available assessment tools and their applicability to pediatric patients and the available therapeutic and preventive strategies. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(13): 495–502

Patient-reported Measurements of Oral Mucositis in Pediatric Patients with Cancer

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Role of Cytotoxicity Experiments in Pharmaceutical Development

Through the twentieth century, the road from synthetizing a new drug molecule to become an actual product got longer than ever before. Cytotoxicity assays are a quick way to assess a certain chemical compound’s effects on a given human cell line. The most well-known techniques are the MTT- and the LDH-assays. These tests are cheap, easy to execute, but not very precise and dependent on various environmental factors and also, they show no detail about the time-dependency of the toxic effect. Cytotoxicity experiments are a crucial part of a modern pharmaceutical development process. They are a cheap and safe way to get vital information about a new molecule’s biological attributes focusing on its basic tolerability. These studies not only save human lives and test animals, but they save the time and resources to be spared on a test molecule which is a complete failure having no in vitro safety

Physiological and transcriptional response of Candida parapsilosis to exogenous tyrosol

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Dentofacial mini- and microesthetics as perceived by dental students : A cross-sectional multi-site study

How dental education influences students' dental and dentofacial esthetic perception has been studied for some time, given the importance of esthetics in dentistry. However, no study before has studied this question in a large sample of students from all grades of dental school. This study sought to fill that gap. The aim was to assess if students' dentofacial esthetic autoperception and heteroperception are associated with their actual stage of studies (grade) and if autoperception has any effect on heteroperception.Between October 2018 and August 2019, a questionnaire was distributed to 919 dental students of all 5 grades of dental school at all four dental schools in Hungary. The questionnaire consisted of the following parts (see also the supplementary material): 1. Demographic data (3 items), Self-Esthetics I (11 multiple- choice items regarding the respondents' perception of their own dentofacial esthetics), Self-Esthetics II (6 Likert-type items regarding the respondents' perception of their own dentofacial esthetics), and Image rating (10 items, 5 images each, of which the respondents have to choose the one they find the most attractive). Both the self-esthetics and the photo rating items were aimed at the assessment of mini- and microesthetic features.The response rate was 93.7% (861 students). The self-perception of the respondents was highly favorable, regardless of grade or gender. Grade and heteroperception were significantly associated regarding maxillary midline shift (p < 0.01) and the relative visibility of the arches behind the lips (p < 0.01). Detailed analysis showed a characteristic pattern of preference changes across grades for both esthetic aspects. The third year of studies appeared to be a dividing line in both cases, after which a real preference order was established. Association between autoperception and heteroperception could not be verified for statistical reasons.Our findings corroborate the results of most previous studies regarding the effect of dental education on the dentofacial esthetic perception of students. We have shown that the effect can be demonstrated on the grade level, which we attribute to the specific curricular contents. We found no gender effect, which, in the light of the literature, suggests that the gender effect in dentofacial esthetic perception is highly culture dependent. The results allow no conclusion regarding the relation between autoperception and heteroperception