554 research outputs found
At the Edge of Voltage Collapse in Slovenian Power System After Outage of NPP Krško and 400 kV Node Tumbri
A major disturbance that resulted in the tripping of the 400 kV line Tumbri (HR) – HĂ©vĂz (H)
and the entire 400 kV node Tumbri in the Croatian system occurred on 27 August 2003 and almost led
to a voltage collapse in that area. The disturbance was initiated by an accidental outage of a generator
at NPP Krško (SLO) due to a human error during regular maintenance work. Its further development
was the consequence of a hidden fault of the numeric protection at the 400 kV switchyard Tumbri. In
the specific system operating conditions (network configuration and generator scheduling) at that
moment, the systems of Slovenia and Austria in the central part of the UCTE system were brought
near voltage collapse. At the same time the operational security level of the power systems of Croatia
and BiH, then at the perimeter of the UCTE system, was also decreased.
The sequence of events is described and discussed in the paper. Recordings of frequency and
active power in representative transmission lines, taken at NDC Zagreb, are also given. A simulation
analysis was performed first for the real disturbance scenario and then for the hypothetical scenario in
which there was no failure of the protection at Tumbri substation and consequently the 400 kV node
Tumbri would have remained in operation. The simulations showed that the loss of a NPP Krško
generator would have only a local impact and would be barely noticeable at the UCTE level had the
400 kV node Tumbri remained in operation. Simulation results are in accordance with information
obtained from the Slovenian power system where severely depressed voltages were recorded,
particularly in the area around NPP Krško. It was also observed that the Slovenian system was acting
as a reactive power sink while active power was flowing in the opposite direction, i.e. towards Croatia.
Assessment of Croatian system security during the disturbance with respect to voltage
stability, frequency and angle stability and congestion criteria was done on the basis of measurements
and simulation results. The conclusion was that Croatian system security with respect to all the above
mentioned criteria was preserved but it must be stressed that the initial system operating conditions
were rather favorable from the stability point of view
Modeling extended contacts to nanotube and graphene devices
Carrier injection into carbon nanotubes and graphene nanoribbons, contacted
by a metal coating over an arbitrary length, is studied by various means:
Minimal models allow for exact analytic solutions which can be transferred to
the original system with high precision. Microscopic ab initio calculations of
the electronic structure at the carbon-metal interface allow us to extract --
for Ti and Pd as contacting materials -- realistic parameters, which are then
used in large scale tight-binding models for transport calculations. The
results are shown to be robust against nonepitaxially grown electrodes and
general disorder at the interface, as well as various refinements of the model.Comment: 13 pages, 13 figure
Vibrational spectral investigation and natural bond orbital analysis of pharmaceutical compound 7-Amino-2,4-dimethylquinolinium formate – DFT approach
AbstractThe molecular geometry, the normal mode frequencies and corresponding vibrational assignments, natural bond orbital analysis and the HOMO–LUMO analysis of 7-Amino-2,4-dimethylquinolinium formate in the ground state were performed by B3LYP levels of theory using the 6-31G(d) basis set. The optimised bond lengths and bond angles are in good agreement with the X-ray data. The vibrational spectra of the title compound which is calculated by DFT method, reproduces vibrational wave numbers and intensities with an accuracy which allows reliable vibrational assignments. The possibility of N–H⋯O hydrogen bonding was identified using NBO analysis. Natural bond orbital analysis confirms the presence of intramolecular charge transfer and the hydrogen bonding interaction
Cluster AgeS Experiment. CCD photometry of SX Phoenicis variables in the globular cluster M 55
We present CCD photometry of SX Phe variables in the field of the globular
cluster M 55. We have discovered 27 variables, three of which are probable
members of the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy. All of the SX Phe stars in M 55 lie in
the blue straggler region of the cluster color-magnitude diagram. Using period
ratio information we have identified the radial pulsation modes for one of the
observed variables. Inspection of the period-luminosity distribution permits
the probable identifications of the pulsation modes for most of the rest of the
stars in the sample. We have determined the slope of the period-luminosity
relation for SX Phe stars in M 55 pulsating in the fundamental mode. Using this
relation and the HIPPARCOS data for SX Phe itself, we have estimated the
apparent distance modulus to M 55 to be (m-M)_V=13.86 +- 0.25 mag.Comment: A&A accepted, 11 figure
Immune responses in lactating Holstein cows supplemented with Cu, Mn, and Zn as sulfates or methionine hydroxy analogue chelates
The aim of this study was to compare effects of inorganic sulfate versus chelated forms of supplemental Cu, Mn, and Zn on milk production, plasma and milk mineral concentrations, neutrophil activity, and antibody titer response to a model vaccination. Holstein cows (n = 25) were assigned in 2 cohorts based on calving date to a 12-wk randomized complete block design study. The first cohort consisted of 17 cows that had greater days in milk (DIM; mean of 77 DIM at the start of the trial) than the second cohort of 8 cows (32 DIM at the start of the trial). Diets were formulated to supplement 100% of National Research Council requirements of Cu, Mn, and Zn by either inorganic trace minerals (ITM) in sulfate forms or chelated trace minerals (CTM) supplied as metal methionine hydroxy analog chelates, without accounting for trace mineral contribution from other dietary ingredients. Intake and milk production were recorded daily. Milk composition was measured weekly, and milk Cu, Mn, and Zn were determined at wk 0 and 8. Plasma Cu and Zn concentrations and neutrophil activity were measured at wk 0, 4, 8, and 12. Neutrophil activity was measured by in vitro assays of chemotaxis, phagocytosis, and reactive oxygen species production. A rabies vaccination was administered at wk 8, and vaccine titer response at wk 12 was measured by both rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test and ELISA. Analyzed dietary Cu was 21 and 23 mg/kg, Mn was 42 and 46 mg/kg, and Zn was 73 and 94 mg/ kg for the ITM and CTM diets, respectively. No effect of treatment was observed on milk production, milk composition, or plasma minerals. Dry matter intake was reduced for CTM compared with ITM cows, but this was largely explained by differences in body weight between treatments. Milk Cu concentration was greater for CTM than ITM cows, but this effect was limited to the earlier DIM cohort of cows and was most pronounced for multiparous compared with primiparous cows. Measures of neutrophil function were unaffected by treatment except for an enhancement in neutrophil phagocytosis with the CTM treatment found for the later DIM cohort of cows only. Rabies antibody titer in CTM cows was 2.8 fold that of ITM cows as measured by ELISA, with a trend for the rapid fluorescent focus inhibition test. Supplementation of Cu, Mn, and Zn as chelated sources may enhance immune response of early lactation dairy cows compared with cows supplemented with inorganic sources
Multi-Periodic Oscillations in Cepheids and RR Lyrae-Type Stars
Classical Cepheids and RR Lyrae-type stars are usually considered to be
textbook examples of purely radial, strictly periodic pulsators. Not all the
variables, however, conform to this simple picture. In this review I discuss
different forms of multi-periodicity observed in Cepheids and RR Lyrae stars,
including Blazhko effect and various types of radial and nonradial multi-mode
oscillations.Comment: Proceedings of the 20th Stellar Pulsation Conference Series: "Impact
of new instrumentation & new insights in stellar pulsations", 5-9 September
2011, Granada, Spai
Two-photon spin injection in semiconductors
A comparison is made between the degree of spin polarization of electrons
excited by one- and two-photon absorption of circularly polarized light in bulk
zincblende semiconductors. Time- and polarization-resolved experiments in
(001)-oriented GaAs reveal an initial degree of spin polarization of 49% for
both one- and two-photon spin injection at wavelengths of 775 and 1550 nm, in
agreement with theory. The macroscopic symmetry and microscopic theory for
two-photon spin injection are reviewed, and the latter is generalized to
account for spin-splitting of the bands. The degree of spin polarization of
one- and two-photon optical orientation need not be equal, as shown by
calculations of spectra for GaAs, InP, GaSb, InSb, and ZnSe using a 14x14 k.p
Hamiltonian including remote band effects. By including the higher conduction
bands in the calculation, cubic anisotropy and the role of allowed-allowed
transitions can be investigated. The allowed-allowed transitions do not
conserve angular momentum and can cause a high degree of spin polarization
close to the band edge; a value of 78% is calculated in GaSb, but by varying
the material parameters it could be as high as 100%. The selection rules for
spin injection from allowed-allowed transitions are presented, and interband
spin-orbit coupling is found to play an important role.Comment: 12 pages including 7 figure
The Population Structure of Acinetobacter baumannii: Expanding Multiresistant Clones from an Ancestral Susceptible Genetic Pool
Outbreaks of hospital infections caused by multidrug resistant Acinetobacter baumannii strains are of increasing concern worldwide. Although it has been reported that particular outbreak strains are geographically widespread, little is known about the diversity and phylogenetic relatedness of A. baumannii clonal groups. Sequencing of internal portions of seven housekeeping genes (total 2,976 nt) was performed in 154 A. baumannii strains covering the breadth of known diversity and including representatives of previously recognized international clones, and in 19 representatives of other Acinetobacter species. Restricted amounts of diversity and a star-like phylogeny reveal that A. baumannii is a genetically compact species that suffered a severe bottleneck in the recent past, possibly linked to a restricted ecological niche. A. baumannii is neatly demarcated from its closest relative (genomic species 13TU) and other Acinetobacter species. Multilocus sequence typing analysis demonstrated that the previously recognized international clones I to III correspond to three clonal complexes, each made of a central, predominant genotype and few single locus variants, a hallmark of recent clonal expansion. Whereas antimicrobial resistance was almost universal among isolates of these and a novel international clone (ST15), isolates of the other genotypes were mostly susceptible. This dichotomy indicates that antimicrobial resistance is a major selective advantage that drives the ongoing rapid clonal expansion of these highly problematic agents of nosocomial infections
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