Morphological characteristics of the facial bone wall related to the tooth position in the alveolar crest in the maxillary anterior

The purpose of this study was to analyze whether the position of the tooth in the alveolar ridge influences the thickness of the facial bone wall and the distance between the cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) and osseous zenith (OZ). Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans from fifty four dentate patients were included in the study (22 male and 32 female, mean age 41. 5 years). The measurements taken included: (1). The Facial bone thickness at 7 different equidistant levels -measuring levels (ML 1-7) - between OZ and the root apex (A). (2) The CEJ -OZ distance. (3) Facial position of the tooth (FPT) relative to a straight line traced from mesial to distal interproximal depressions of the alveolar plate at the level of the CEJ. The Facial bone wall thickness ranged between 0 mm and 3. 8 mm, with greater values at more apical levels. Mean values were smaller than 1 mm at every level except ML7. The CEJ-OZ distance varied between 0. 5 mm and 6. 9 mm (mean 2. 9 mm). The Mean of FPT value was 0. 6 mm. No statistically significant correlation was found between FPT and the CEJ-OZ distance. Weak negative statistically significant correlations were found between FPT and the thickness of the facial bone wall at MP1 and MP3. Within the limits of this study, no clinically relevant correlation between FPT and facial bone thickness - CEJ-OZ distance was found. More studies should be conducted to evaluate a greater number of teeth, especially those that may present misalignment with greater FPT values.El objetivo del presente estudio fue analizar si la posición de la pieza dentaria en el reborde alveolar influencia el espesor de la tabla ósea vestibular y la distancia entre el limite amelo-cementario (LAC) y el cenit óseo (CO). Tomografías computadas haz de cono (TC) de 54 pacientes dentados fueron incluidas en el estudio (22 hombres y 32 mujeres, edad promedio 41. 5 anos). Las medidas registradas fueron: (1) espesor de la tabla ósea vestibular en 7 diferentes niveles de medición (NM1-7) entre CO y el ápice radicular (AR). (2) La distancia LAC-CO. (3) Posición vestibular de la pieza dentaria (PVD) en relación a una línea recta trazada desde la depresión interproximal mesial a la depresión interproximal distal de la tabla ósea a nivel del LAC. El espesor de la tabla ósea vestibular fue 0-3. 8mm, con valores mayores registrados a nivel más apical. El valor promedio fue menor a 1 mm excepto en NM7. La distancia LAC-CO varió entre 0. 5 y 6. 9mm (promedio 2. 9mm). El promedio de PVD fue de 0. 6mm. No se encontró correlación estadísticamente significativa entre la PVD y la distancia LAC-CO. Se halló una correlación débil negativa estadísticamente significativa entre la PVD y el espesor de la tabla ósea vestibular en NM1 y NM3. Dentro de las limitaciones de este estudio, no se encontró una correlación clínicamente significativa entre PVD y espesor de la tabla ósea vestibular - distancia LAC-CO. Se deben llevar a cabo más estudios para evaluar un mayor número de piezas dentarias, especialmente aquellas que se encuentran desalineadas con valores PVD mayores

New formalism to define vacuum states for scalar fields in curved space-times

The problem of finding a vacuum definition for a single quantum field in curved space-times is discussed under a new geometrical perspective. The phase space dynamics of the quantum field modes are mapped to curves in a 2-dimensional hyperbolic metric space, in which distances between neighbor points are shown to be proportional to the Bogoliubov coefficients associated with their corresponding mode solutions in phase space. The vacuum state for each mode is then defined as the unique trajectory from which all mapped phase space solutions move within thin annular regions around it. This property implies the stability of the vacuum state: solutions evolved from a point in this trajectory stay close to it as both evolve, and the particle creation is therefore minimized. The new approach is applied to the well-known cases of the time-independent dynamics, where the solutions draw circles around this curve, and when the adiabatic approximation is valid. The analysis is then extended to time-dependent cases in which the adiabatic approximation is not applicable, in the super-Hubble or low-frequency regimes. It is shown that stability trajectories can also be found in these situations, and stable quantum vacua can be obtained. This new formalism is applied to two situations: de Sitter space, where the Bunch-Davies vacuum is obtained in a completely different manner through an analysis in the super-Hubble regime, and in the context of cosmological bouncing models, in which the contracting phase is dominated by a cosmological constant in the asymptotic past. A new vacuum state for cosmological perturbations is proposed in this situation.Comment: 31 pages, 6 figure

Vascular Pathways of Testosterone: Clinical Implications

Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Testosterone (T) is an important sex hormone that triggers several genomic and non-genomic pathways, leading to improvements of several cardiovascular risk factors and quality of life in men. At the vascular level, the key effect of T is the vasorelaxation. This review discusses the molecular pathways and clinical implications of T in the vascular system. Firstly, the mechanisms involved in the T vasodilator effect will be presented. Then, it will be discussed the association of T with the main risks for CVD, namely metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, atherosclerosis, dyslipidaemia and hypertension. Several studies have shown a correlation between low T levels and an increased prevalence of several CVD. These observations suggest that T has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and that testosterone replacement therapy may become a therapeutic reality for some of these disorders.UBI-Santander Totta (BID/FCS/2018)info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

An assessment of environmental and toxicological risk to pesticide exposure based on a case-based approach to computing

Pesticide environmental fate and toxicity depends on its physical and chemical features, the soil composition, soil adsorption, as well as residues that may be found in different soil slots. Indeed, pesticide degradation in soil may be influenced by either biotic or abiotic factors. In addition, the toxicity of pesticides for living organisms depends on their adsorption, distribution, biotransformation, dissemination of metabolites together with interaction with cellular macromolecules and excretion. Biotransformation may result in the formation of less toxic and/or more toxic metabolites, while other processes determine the balance between toxic and a nontoxic upcoming. Aggregate exposure and risk assessment involve multiple pathways and routes, including the potential for pesticide residues in food and drinking water, in addition to residues from pesticide use in residential and non-occupational environments. Therefore, this work will focus on the development of a decision support system to assess the environmental and toxicological risk to pesticide exposure, built on top of a Logic Programming approach to Knowledge Representation and Reasoning, complemented with a Case Based attitude to computing. The proposed solution is unique in itself, once it caters for the explicit treatment of incomplete, unknown, or even self-contradictory information, either in terms of a qualitative or quantitative setting.This work has been supported by COMPETE: POCI-01-0145-FEDER-007043 and FCT – Fundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia within the Project Scope: UID/CEC/00319/2013.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Histological evaluation of subepithelial connective tissue grafts harvested by two different techniques. Preliminary study in humans

Subepithelial connective tissue graft (SCTG) is an essential therapeutic tool in periodontal plastic surgery and implantology. The aim of this preliminary study was to observe and make a histological and histomorphometric comparison of the composition of subepithelial connective tissue grafts (SCTGs) harvested from the palatal mucosa by two different harvesting techniques: mucoperiosteal (lamina propria and complete submucosa including periosteum) and mucosal (lamina propria and a portion of the submucosa). The main hypothesis proposes that SCTG harvested with the mucosal technique contains a greater proportion of connective tissue proper (CTP) and a lower proportion of adipose tissue (AT) than the mucoperiosteal technique. Twenty healthy patients who required SCTG for different purposes were selected and assigned to one of the two following groups: group A (n=10; mucoperiosteal harvesting technique) and group B (n=10, mucosal harvesting technique). The histological sample was obtained by removing a 2 mm thick slice from the most distal portion of the graft. The proportions of adipose tissue (AT), connective tissue proper (CTP) and vascular tissue (VT) were evaluated. In group A, histomorphometric analysis showed that CTP accounted for 58.2% of the graft while AT accounted for 32.64%. In group B, the proportions of CTP and AT were 79.86% and 11.93%, respectively. The differences between groups were statistically significant for both tissues (p< .05). In contrast, no statistically significant difference was observed in the proportion of VT. Within the limitations of this study, the results show that the SCTGs harvested by the mucosal technique contain a greater proportion of CTP and a lower proportion of AT than those obtained by the mucoperiosteal technique, whereas the proportion of VT does not differ. Further long-term clinical and histological studies with more samples are needed to evaluate the clinical implications of SCTG composition.El injerto de tejido conectivo subepitelial (ITCSE) es una herramienta indispensable en la cirugía plástica periodontal y la implantología. El objetivo del presente estudio preliminar fue observar y comparar histológica e histomorfometricamente la composición de los injertos de tejido conectivo subepitelial (ITCSE) obtenidos de la mucosa palatina mediante dos técnicas diferentes: mucoperióstica (lamina propia y submucosa incluyendo el periostio) y mucosa (lámina propia y parte de la submucosa). La principal hipótesis postula que el ITCSE obtenido mediante la técnica mucosa contiene mayor proporción de tejido conectivo propiamente dicho (TCP) y menor proporción de tejido adiposo (TA) que el obtenido mediante la técnica mucoperióstica. El presente estudio incluyó veinte pacientes sanos que requerían ITCSE por diferentes motivos, los cuales fueron distribuidos de forma equitativa en dos grupos: grupo A (n=10; técnica de obtención mucoperióstica) y grupo B (n=10; técnica de obtención mucosa). La muestra histológica se obtuvo removiendo una porción de 2 mm de ancho de la parte más distal del injerto. Se evaluó la proporción (%) de tejido adiposo (TA), tejido conectivo propiamente dicho (TCP) y tejido vascular (TV). En el grupo A, el análisis histomorfométrico mostró que el TCP constituía el 58.2% del tejido mientras que el tejido adiposo constituía el 32.64%. En el grupo B, la proporción de TCP y AT fue 79.86%y 11.93%, respectivamente. Las diferencias observadas entre los grupos fueron estadísticamente significativas para ambos tejidos (p< .05). En cambio, no se observaron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en la proporción de TV. Dentro de las limitaciones del presente estudio, los resultados mostraron que los ITCSE obtenidos mediante la técnica mucosa contienen mayor proporción de TCP y menor proporción de TA que los obtenidos con la técnica mucoperióstica, mientras que el TV permanece estable. Se requieren estudios longitudinales clínicos e histológicos a largo plazo con mayor cantidad de muestras para evaluar las implicancias clínicas de la composición del ITCSE

The knowledge products within software industry organizations: a new perspective on software artifacts / Os produtos de conhecimento dentro das organizações do setor de software: uma nova perspectiva sobre artefatos de software

The Knowledge Management (KM) has become essential for organizations looking to store, encode, retrieve and disseminate knowledge in the environment in which they operate. In the software industry, KM presents itself as a form of management with relevant contribution potential, since this industry produces information on a constant basis. In this way, this information can be consolidated into software artifacts. Such artifacts represent knowledge of a particular software project, as well as a knowledge product. That is because a knowledge product also represents some kind of codified and stored knowledge. Thus, this work aims to analyze software artifacts from the perspective of knowledge products. To this end, a questionnaire was conducted and interviews with ten experienced project managers from the software industry. As a result, it was observed that the software artifacts become knowledge products because they allow reuse and register intellectual capital creating new knowledge and encouraging innovation in the software industry organizations

Rheological behavior, antimicrobial and quorum sensig inhibition study of an argentinean oregano essential oil nanoemulsion

In this study, Argentinean oregano essential oil (OEO) nanoemulsions (NEs) were developed. Four NEs were prepared: a control (CNE), EONE1 (10.6 mg EO/g NE), EONE2 (106 mg EO/ g NE), and EONE3 (160 mg EO/g NE) and tested for antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13565, Listeria monocytogenes Scott A, Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 14213, and Escherichia coli O157:H7 using a broth microdilution assay and quorum sensing inhibition in a model using Chromobacterium violaceum ATCC 12472, where the production of violacein was quantified. The chemical composition of the EO was determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. The average particle size (nm) and polydispersity index were monitored over 14 days at two different storage temperatures (4 and 23°C). A rheological behavior study was carried out using a dynamic shear rheometer, and flow curves, as well as viscoelastic properties, were determined. E. coli and L. monocytogenes were the most sensitive microorganisms to EONE (MIC of 2 and 5 mg/ml for EOEN3). Sub-MICs for NE were found at lower concentrations than those for pure EO. A significant reduction in violet pigment intensity and colorless coloration (p G″) was observed in the high-frequency region, presenting a viscoelastic behavior, appearing as a wormlike micellar solution. For EONE3, a strong increase in both moduli was observed with increasing OEO concentration. The G′ was about one order of magnitude higher than the G″ over the whole frequency range, indicating the presence of a gel-like structure. The incorporation of EOs into an NE increased their stability, lowering the particle size, leading to a wormlike micelle with higher viscosity. Moreover, this NE had good antimicrobial activity and novel quorum-sensing inhibition activity. The results of this study indicated that Argentinean OEO NE could be used in a food system as a natural and stable antimicrobial agent.Fil: Asensio, Claudia Mariana. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Quiroga, Patricia Raquel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentina. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; ArgentinaFil: Al-Gburi, Ammar. School Of Environmental And Biological Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Huang, Quingron. School Of Environmental And Biological Sciences; Estados UnidosFil: Grosso, Nelson Rubén. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Córdoba. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas Físicas y Naturales. Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal; Argentin