Investigating the pathological response to beta amyloid toxicity in rats: the role of age and the antioxidant catalase-SKL

Accumulation of beta-amyloid (Aβ) in the brain is a major contributor to the cellular pathology and cognitive impairment observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). In part, Aβ exerts its toxic effects by increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) and neuroinflammation in the brain. Aging, a major risk factor for AD is also associated with increased production of ROS. This study investigated the age-related pathological response to Aβ toxicity and examined whether catalase-SKL(CAT-SKL), a genetically engineered derivative of the peroxisomal antioxidant enzyme catalase, is able to reduce Aβ toxicity. Bilateral intracerebroventricular (icv) injections of the Aβ25-35 peptide was used to model Aβ toxicity in 3, 6 and 9 months old male Wistar rats. A subset of 6 months old rats undergoing CAT-SKL treatment received CAT-SKL injections intraperitoneally (ip) once a week for four consecutive weeks. Control animals received bilateral icv injections of the reverse physiologically inactive Aβ35-25 peptide. Spatial learning and reference memory were assessed using the Morris Water Maze (MWM); histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses were used to evaluate neuroinflammation, and neuronal degeneration. Aβ25-35 icv administration in animals 6 and 9 months of age resulted in increased microglia activation and decreased number of cholinergic neurons in the basal forebrain and loss of neuronal integrity in the hippocampus in comparison to Aβ25-35 induced pathology in 3 months old animals. CAT-SKL treatment significantly decreased microglia activation and reduced cholinergic neuronal loss in the basal forebrain. Aβ25-35 animals showed deficits in long-term reference memory in the MWM, which was effectively ameliorated in Aβ25-35 animals treated with CAT-SKL. These findings demonstrate the importance of taking into consideration animal age when modeling Aβ toxicity, and provides support for the use of CAT-SKL in reducing neuroinflammation and long-term reference memory deficits induced by Aβ25-35 in the rat

Addressing Heart Disease and Stroke Prevention Through Comprehensive Population-Level Approaches

Addressing heart disease and stroke prevention throug

Crossing the race divide : interracial sex in antebellum Savannah

This article explores the social significance of inter-racial sexual contact in an antebellum Southern city. How did inter-racial sex challenge the established social hierarchy in Savannah? Was it a controversial issue, viewed as a threat to the social order, or was it accepted as an inevitable evil resulting from a mixed population residing in close proximity

Headquarters Landscape in Austria: Vienna HQs:Study report 2023

The capital city of Austria, Vienna, is the spearhead of the HQ landscape in Austria, a country that attracts HQs from all over the world, while at the same time supporting the thriving of domestic HQs.Due to the trend of offshoring manufacturing activities, capital cities in Europe are competing to position themselves as attractive locations for HQs. Thanks to its geographical position in-between Western and Eastern Europe, the high quality of its institutions, and its outstanding reputation for quality of life, Vienna has a competitive advantage in this regard.This report represents a follow-up study to our report on “Headquarters Landscape in Austria: Vienna HQs” (2022). We deep dive into the HQ landscape in Vienna and describe its main characteristics. The results of the study are equally important for firm managers who are considering Vienna as a potential HQ location, and for policy-makers who work to strengthen the position of Vienna as an HQ location

Headquarters Landscape in Austria: An Overview:Study report 2023

In this report, we describe the results of our study on the current headquarters (HQ) landscape in Austria. It is based on a data collection combining information from the database “Orbis” (Bureau van Dijk) and other publicly available data from company annual reports and previous reports.This study aims to provide a comprehensive and clear overview of the current landscape of HQs in Austria. This report represents a follow-up study to our report on “Headquarters Landscape in Austria: An Overview” (2022). By analyzing the data, we aim to gain a solid understanding of Austria as an HQ location, highlighting its unique characteristics, strengths, and weaknesses