Securing Blue Wealth: The Need for a Special Sustainable Development Goal for the Ocean and Coasts

The ocean regulates the global climate, provides humans with natural resources such as food, materials, important substances, and energy, and is essential for international trade and recreational and cultural activities. Together with human development and economic growth, free access to, and availability of, ocean resources and services have exerted strong pressure on marine systems, ranging from overfishing, increasing resource extraction, and alteration of coastal zones to various types of thoughtless pollution. Both economic theory and many case studies suggest that there is no “tragedy of the commons” but a “tragedy of open access”. With high likeliness, structures of open access are non-sustainable. International cooperation and effective governance are required to protect the marine environment and promote the sustainable use of marine resources in such a way that due account can be taken of the environmental values of current generations and the needs of future generations. For this purpose, developing and agreeing on one Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) specifically for the Ocean and Coasts could prove to be an essential element. The new SDGs will build upon the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and replace them by 2015. Ensuring environmental sustainability in a general sense is one of the eight MDGs but the ocean is not explicitly addressed. Furthermore, the creation of a comprehensive underlying set of ocean sustainability targets and effective indicators developed within a global Future Ocean Spatial Planning (FOSP) process would help in assessing the current status of marine systems, diagnosing ongoing trends, and providing information for inclusive, forward-looking, and sustainable ocean governanc

Meeresatlas: Daten und Fakten über unseren Umgang mit dem Ozean

Ohne das Meer gäbe es kein Leben auf unserem Planeten. Es regelt weitgehend das Klima, gibt uns Nahrung und liefert Energie. Darüber hinaus ist es ein wichtiger Verkehrsweg, ein Erholungsraum und ein Quell ästhetischen Vergnügens. Aber das Meer steht unter Stress, denn das alte Prinzip von der „Freiheit der Meere“ hat zu Überfischung, Artenverlust und einer immensen Verschmutzung der Ozeane geführt. Deshalb muss der Umgang mit dem Meer auf nachhaltige und gerechte Grundlagen gestellt werden. Der Meeresatlas 2017 liefert dazu die Daten, Fakten und Zusammenhänge. Er zeigt in zahlreichen Beiträgen und über 50 Grafiken, in welch schlechtem Zustand sich die Weltmeere befinden, warum das so ist und was man tun muss, um die Situation der Ozeane zu verbessern

Securing blue wealth: the need for a special sustainable development goal for the ocean and coasts and for future ocean spatial planning

The ocean regulates the global climate, provides humans with natural resources such as food, materials, important substances, and energy, and is essential for international trade and recreational and cultural activities. Together with human development and economic growth, free access to, and availability of, ocean resources and services have exerted strong pressure on marine systems, ranging from overfishing, increasing resource extraction, and alteration of coastal zones to various types of thoughtless pollution. Both economic theory and many case studies suggest that there is no “tragedy of the commons” but a “tragedy of open access”. With high likeliness, structures of open access are non-sustainable. International cooperation and effective governance are required to protect the marine environment and promote the sustainable use of marine resources in such a way that due account can be taken of the environmental values of current generations and the needs of future generations. For this purpose, developing and agreeing on one Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) specifically for the Ocean and Coasts could prove to be an essential element. The new SDGs will build upon the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) and replace them by 2015. Ensuring environmental sustainability in a general sense is one of the eight MDGs but the ocean is not explicitly addressed. Furthermore, the creation of a comprehensive underlying set of ocean sustainability targets and effective indicators developed within a global Future Ocean Spatial Planning (FOSP) process would help in assessing the current status of marine systems, diagnosing ongoing trends, and providing information for inclusive, forward-looking, and sustainable ocean governance

Divergent Access to Histone Deacetylase Inhibitory Cyclopeptides via Late- Stage Cyclopropane Ring Cleavage Strategy. Short Synthesis of Chlamydocin

We present a unified step-economical strategy to access histone deacetylase inhibitory peptides, based on late-stage installation of zinc-binding functionalities via the cleavage of the strained cyclopropane ring in the common pluripotent cyclopropanol precursor. The efficacy of the proposed diversity-oriented approch has been validated by short stereoselective synthesis of a natural product chlamydocin and a number of its analogs.<br /

Supramolecular Chirogenesis in Bis-Porphyrin : Crystallographic Structure and CD Spectra for a Complex with a Chiral Guanidine Derivative

The complexation of (3aR,7aR)-N-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)octahydro-2H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-imine (BTI), as a guest, to ethane-bridged bis(zinc octaethylporphyrin), bis(ZnOEP), as a host, has been studied by means of ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) and circular dichroism (CD) absorption spectroscopies, single crystal X-ray diffraction, and computational simulation. The formation of 1:2 host-guest complex was established by X-ray diffraction and UV-Vis titration studies. Two guest BTI molecules are located at the opposite sides of two porphyrin subunits of bis(ZnOEP) host, which is resting in the anti-conformation. The complexation of BTI molecules proceed via coordination of the imine nitrogens to the zinc ions of each porphyrin subunit of the host. Such supramolecular organization of the complex results in a screw arrangement of the two porphyrin subunits, inducing a strong CD signal in the Soret (B) band region. The corresponding DFT computational studies are in a good agreement with the experimental results and prove the presence of 1:2 host-guest complex as the major component in the solution (97.7%), but its optimized geometry differs from that observed in the solid-state. The UV-Vis and CD spectra simulated by using the solution-state geometry and the TD-DFT/ωB97X-D/cc-pVDZ + SMD (CH2Cl2) level of theory reproduced the experimentally obtained UV-Vis and CD spectra and confirmed the difference between the solid-state and solution structures. Moreover, it was shown that CD spectrum is very sensitive to the spatial arrangement of porphyrin subunits.peerReviewe

Sex hormones and quantitative ultrasound parameters at the heel in men and women from the general population

Purpose/introduction: The present study investigates potential associations between liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) measured sex hormones, dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate, sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) and bone ultrasound parameters at the heel in men and women from the general population. Methods: Data from 502 women and 425 men from the population-based Study of Health in Pomerania (SHIP-TREND) were used. Cross-sectional associations of sex hormones including testosterone (TT), calculated free testosterone (FT), dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate (DHEAS), androstenedione (ASD), estrone (E1) and SHBG with quantitative ultrasound (QUS) parameters at the heel, including broadband ultrasound attenuation (BUA), speed of sound (SOS) and stiffness index (SI) were examined by analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariable quantile regression models. Results: Multivariable regression analysis showed a sex-specific inverse association of DHEAS with SI in men (Beta per SI unit = −3.08, standard error (SE) = 0.88), but not in women (Beta = −0.01, SE = 2.09). Furthermore, FT was positively associated with BUA in men (Beta per BUA unit = 29.0, SE = 10.1). None of the other sex hormones (ASD, E1) or SHBG was associated with QUS parameters after multivariable adjustment. Conclusions: This cross-sectional population-based study revealed independent associations of DHEAS and FT with QUS parameters in men, suggesting a potential influence on male bone metabolism. The predictive role of DHEAS and FT as a marker for osteoporosis in men warrants further investigation in clinical trials and large-scale observational studies

Supramolecular chirogenesis in zinc porphyrins: Complexation with enantiopure thiourea derivatives, binding studies and chirality transfer mechanism

International audienceComplexation of three (1R,2R)-2-aminocyclohexyl arylthioureas (aryl = 3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl; phenyl; 3,5-dimethylphenyl) as the guests to ZnTPP and ZnOEP hosts has been studied by means of UV-Vis, CD spectroscopies and computational simulation. The complexation proceeds via coordination of the primary amino group to the zinc ion of the metalloporphyrin and induces a moderate circular dichroism signal in the Soret band of the porphyrins. The association constants increase with larger electron-withdrawing properties of the porphyrin host and larger electron-donating ability of the guest, indicating predominantly electrostatic (Lewis acid-base) character of the complexation. Computational study of the (1R,2R)-2-aminocyclohexyl-(3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl)thiourea and ZnTPP complex revealed slight asymmetric distortion of the porphyrin plane caused by the chiral guest and additional π-π interactions between the host and guest molecules. Calculated CD spectrum for the same system reproduces the experimentally observed