Diagram showing the four narratives.

<p>Diagram showing the four narratives.</p

Data_Sheet_1_The health of working dogs in conservation in Africa.PDF

IntroductionDogs are increasingly being employed for conservation purposes worldwide. In Africa, they work in challenging environments with unique health risks which have not been investigated until now.MethodsTo understand the health challenges faced by the dogs, semi-structured interviews were conducted with participants from 14 organisations that used working dogs in their conservation programmes. The data was qualitatively analysed by thematic analysis.ResultsFive themes were generated. Three affective themes influenced how participants responded to the challenges associated with having a successful conservation dog programme. A strong handler-dog attachment, proficient handler training, and the acknowledgement of the challenging environment were pivotal to maintaining dog health. Two themes related to the difficulties in managing these programmes and how veterinary support interacts with the management choices being made.DiscussionTo have healthy conservation dogs, current and future programmes should focus on fostering the handler-dog relationship and provide continuous handler training. The management of conservation dogs’ health should adopt an evidence-based approach. Future research should focus on areas where the evidence base is lacking, particularly in the areas of prevention and treatment of African canine trypanosomiasis. Programmes should develop a good working relationship with a veterinarian that has access to evidence-based veterinary medical information.</p

Engaging communities to identify needs and develop solutions: participatory research incorporates community voice in all aspects of health research decision-making

LEARNING OBJECTIVES After reading this chapter, you should be able to: 1. Summarize principles of participatory research and distinguish between traditional research and participatory research. 2. Describe and understand the benefi ts and value, as well as the challenges, of participatory research for community and for the research process. 3. Describe how participatory research underpins knowledge translation. 4. Appreciate who is community, how community is represented, and the ethical implications surrounding community. 5. Provide examples of how participatory research has been incorporated into various research designs (such as randomized control trials)

Additional file 1: of Estimating the economic and social consequences for patients diagnosed with human African trypanosomiasis in Muchinga, Lusaka and Eastern Provinces of Zambia (2004–2014)

Multilingual abstracts in the five official working languages of the United Nations. (PDF 657 kb

DataSheet_1_Biomarkers to assess the risk of bladder cancer in patients presenting with haematuria are gender-specific.docx

IntroductionHaematuria is a common red flag symptom of urinary tract cancer. Bladder cancer (BC) is the most common cancer to present with haematuria. Women presenting with haematuria are often underdiagnosed. Currently, no gender-specific tests are utilized in clinical practice. Considerable healthcare resources are needed to investigate causes of haematuria and this study was set up to help identify markers of BC. The aim of the study was to define biomarker algorithms in haematuria patients using an expanded panel of biomarkers to diagnose BC and investigate if the algorithms are gender-specific.Materials and MethodsA total of n=675 patients with a history of haematuria were recruited from Northern Ireland hospitals. Patients were collected on a 2:1 ratio, non-BC (control) n=474: BC n=201. A detailed clinical history, urine and blood samples were collected. Biomarkers, known to be involved in the pathobiology underlying bladder carcinogenesis were investigated. Biomarkers differentially expressed between groups were investigated using Wilcoxon rank sum and linear regression.ResultsBiomarkers were gender specific. Two biomarker-algorithms were identified to triage haematuria patients; male – u_NSE, s_PAI-1/tPA, u_midkine, u_NGAL, u_MMP-9/TIMP-1 and s_prolactin (u=urine; s=serum); sensitivity 71.8%, specificity 72.8%; AUROC 0.795; and female urine biomarkers - IL-12p70, IL-13, midkine and clusterin; sensitivity 83.7%, specificity 79.7%; AUROC 0.865. Addition of the clinical variable infection to both algorithms increased both AUROC to 0.822 (DeLong p=0.014) and to 0.923 (DeLong p=0.004) for males and females, respectively. Combining clinical risk factors with biomarker algorithms would enable application of the algorithms to triage haematuria patients.ConclusionUsing gender-specific biomarker algorithms in combination with clinical risks that are associated with BC would allow clinicians to better manage haematuria patients and potentially reduce underdiagnosis in females. In this study, we demonstrate, for the first time, that blood and urine biomarkers are gender-specific when assessing risk of BC in patients who present with blood in their urine. Combining biomarker data with clinical factors could improve triage when referring patients for further investigations.</p

2013-12-16_Microsats_3pops

Genepop formatted file for elk in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. File contains nuclear microsatellite DNA for 8 loci genotyped in 59 individuals in 3 populations

2013-12-16_mtDNA_8pops

Arlequin (v3.5) formatted file for elk (Cervus elaphus) in Greater Yellowstone National Park. File includes raw mtDNA sequences with 596 base pairs for 380 elk from eight populations