3,664 research outputs found
The case of muddled units in temporal discounting
While parameters are crucial components of cognitive models, relatively little importance has been given to their units. We show that this has lead to some parameters to be contaminated, introducing an artifactual correlation between them. We also show that this has led to the illegal comparison of parameters with different units of measurement – this may invalidate parameter comparisons across participants, conditions, groups, or studies. We demonstrate that this problem affects two related models: Stevens' power law and Rachlin's delay discounting model. We show that it may even affect models which superficially avoid the incompatible units problem, such as hyperbolic discounting. We present simulation results to demonstrate the extent of the issues caused by the muddled units problem. We offer solutions in order to avoid the problem in the future or to aid in re-interpreting existing datasets
Male and female mice show equal variability in food intake across 4-day spans that encompass estrous cycles.
The exclusion of female rodents from biomedical research is well documented and persists in large part due to perceptions that ovulatory cycles render female traits more variable than those of males, and females must be tested at each of four stages of the estrous cycle to generate reliable data. These beliefs are not empirically based. The magnitude of trait variance associated with the estrous cycle may be sufficiently low and of little impact, or trait variability of males tested on 4 consecutive days may be as great as that of females over the 4 days of the estrous cycle. Here, we analyzed food intake data from mice in 4-day blocks, corresponding to the females 4-day estrous cycle in several schedules of food procurement or reward. Variance was compared within and across individual mice. In no instance did the overall variance differ by sex under any of the food reward schedules. This extends earlier observations of trait variability in body temperature and locomotor activity of mice and supports the claim that there is no empirical basis for excluding female rodents from biomedical research
Are Private Military Firms The Answer To The Expanding Global Crisis?
The manuscript entitled Are Private Military Firms The Answer To The Expanding Global Crisis? was retracted on December 5, 2014. Please contact our office at [email protected] for more information.
Police Drones: A Legal Studies Case Study
This case offers the students the opportunity to apply their knowledge of the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution, as it applies to the concept of unreasonable search and seizure. With this particular case problem being based on the recent action involving the defendant, Rodney Brossart and the State of North Dakota, wherein an unmanned military grade drone was used by the local police department, for the first time in the United States, to affect an arrest
United States V. Jones 132 S. Ct 945 (2012)
The manuscript entitled United States V. Jones 132 S. Ct 945 (2012) was retracted on December 5, 2014. Please contact our office at [email protected] for more information.
A Possible Nanometer-scale Computing Device Based on an Adding Cellular Automaton
We present a simple one-dimensional Cellular Automaton (CA) which has the
property that an initial state composed of two binary numbers evolves quickly
into a final state which is their sum. We call this CA the Adding Cellular
Automaton (ACA). The ACA requires only 2N two-state cells in order to add any
two N-1 bit binary numbers. The ACA could be directly realized as a wireless
nanometer-scale computing device - a possible implementation using coupled
quantum dots is outlined.Comment: 8 pages, RevTex, 3 Postscript figures. This version to appear in App.
Phys. Let
Evolutionary quantum game
We present the first study of a dynamical quantum game. Each agent has a
`memory' of her performance over the previous m timesteps, and her strategy can
evolve in time. The game exhibits distinct regimes of optimality. For small m
the classical game performs better, while for intermediate m the relative
performance depends on whether the source of qubits is `corrupt'. For large m,
the quantum players dramatically outperform the classical players by `freezing'
the game into high-performing attractors in which evolution ceases.Comment: 4 pages in two-column format. 4 figure
Exact dynamical response of an N-electron quantum dot subject to a time-dependent potential
We calculate analytically the exact dynamical response of a droplet of N
interacting electrons in a quantum dot with an arbitrarily time-dependent
parabolic confinement potential \omega(t) and a perpendicular magnetic field.
We find that, for certain frequency ranges, a sinusoidal perturbation acts like
an attractive effective interaction between electrons. In the absence of a
time-averaged confinement potential, the N electrons can bind together to form
a stable, free-standing droplet.Comment: 10 pages, RevTex, 3 Postscript figures. This version to appear as a
Rapid Communication in PR
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