The integration between corporate social responsibilty and sustainable development goals

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is one of the modern concepts in the management field which become a catalyst in developing the future of the business sector. Several major academic and practical milestones have influenced the development of the concept of CSR. One of the most important milestones that shaped the future of CSR was the United Nations Global Compact (UNGC). UNGC's missions and principles formed an application framework for integrating social and environmental approaches into corporate business activities. It has been proved through this paper the interrelationship between the principles of CSR theories and the principles of UNGC. Followed by an analysis of the effectiveness of the UNGC principles in adopting sustainable development goals and enhancing enterprise competitiveness

An Application of the Mobile Transient Internet Architecture to IP Mobility and Inter-Operability

We introduce an application of a mobile transient network architecture on top of the current Internet. This paper is an application extension to a conceptual mobile network architecture. It attempts to specifically reinforce some of the powerful notions exposed by the architecture from an application perspective. Of these notions, we explore the network expansion layer, an overlay of components and services, that enables a persistent identification network and other required services. The overlay abstraction introduces several benefits of which mobility and communication across heterogenous network structures are of interest to this paper. We present implementations of several components and protocols including gateways, Agents and the Open Device Access Protocol. Our present identification network implementation exploits the current implementation of the Handle System through the use of distributed, global and persistent identifiers called handles. Handles are used to identify and locate devices and services abstracting any physical location or network association from the communicating ends. A communication framework is finally demonstrated that would allow for mobile devices on the public Internet to have persistent identifiers and thus be persistently accessible either directly or indirectly. This application expands IP inter-operability beyond its current boundaries

A note on the determination of light quark masses

We provide a model-independent determination of the quantity B_0(m_d-m_u). Our approach rests only on chiral symmetry and data from the decay of the eta into three neutral pions. Since the low-energy prediction at next-to-leading order fails to reproduce the experimental results, we keep the strong interaction correction as an unknown parameter. As a first step, we relate this parameter to the quark mass difference using data from the Dalitz plot. A similar relation is obtained using data from the decay width. Combining both relations we obtain B_0(m_d-m_u)=(4495+/-440) MeV^2. The preceding value, combined with lattice determinations, leads to the values m_u(2 GeV)=(2.9+/-0.8) MeV and m_d(2 GeV)=(4.7+/-0.8) MeV.Comment: 8 pages, 1 figure, updated version with all detailed formulas, title slighly change

Історичний розвиток концепції корпоративної соціальної відповідальності

The concept of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has evolved considerably for the last 50 years. The multiplicity of historical reviews and confusion mentioning some of events and neglecting other events have led dispersion of models and theories related to CSR. Through this article, a new investigation has been made toward the most notable academic and practical events that affect the development of CSR. A comprehensive literature review method has fragmented the academic evolution of the CSR concept depending on milestones-basis. It has been proved through this article that some valuable political and sociable milestones have affected CSR context development. Analyzing the historical development perspectives of CSR have showed the relationship between CSR theories and between the implementation process of CSR by an enterprise. It has been proved that there is a clear relation between the development of CSR theories and the adaptation of CSR practices by international communities and international companies.Сьогодні інтерес до соціальної відповідальності бізнесу стрімко зростає. У широкому розумінні соціальна відповідальність бізнесу означає здатність підприємства приносити вигоду не тільки собі, а й забезпечувати сталий соціальний розвиток суспільства. Соціальна відповідальність достатньо широке поняття, яке включає в себе такі сфери, як екологія та соціальна справедливість. Концепція корпоративної соціальної відповідальності (КСВ) суттєво змінилася за останні п’ятдесят років. Більшість історичних оглядів в академічній літературі ділять історичний розвиток концепції КСВ відповідно до часової шкали, чому і присвячено дане дослідження. В даній статті авторами було проведено оригінальне дослідження найбільш помітних наукових і практичних подій, які впливають на розвиток КСВ у світовому масштабі. Аналіз історичних тенденцій розвитку КСВ показав чіткий взаємозв'язок між теоріями КСВ і процесом впровадження КСВ керівництвом підприємств. У даній статті авторами показано, існування чіткого взаємозв'язку між розвитком теорій КСВ і використанням підходів КСВ міжнародними співтовариствами та міжнародними компаніями. Історичний огляд етапів розвитку КСВ був спрямований на те, щоб допомогти особам, які приймають рішення, зрозуміти зміст КСВ і переконати їх у тому, що теорії реалізації КСВ не обмежені соціальними і екологічними вигодами для суспільства у цілому, але також вони мають стратегічні переваги для самої компанії, а саме: зміцнення конкурентоспроможності, забезпечення стандартів якості та підвищення репутації компанії. В результаті дослідження стає зрозумілим, що міжнародне співтовариство у співпраці з міжнародними установами, які займаються розробкою стандартів якості для КСВ, прагнуть перетворити концепцію корпоративної соціальної відповідальності з факультативної концепції в обов'язковий принцип функціонування усіх підприємств незалежно від форми власності. Перетворення корпоративної соціальної відповідальності в обов'язковий принцип обмежить жадібність бізнесменів, обмежить ризики і забезпечить майбутнє для наступних поколінь

Splitting Strong and Electromagnetic Interactions in K(L4) Decays

We recently considered $K_{\ell 4}$ decays in the framework of chiral perturbation theory based on the effective Lagrangian including mesons, photons, and leptons. There, we published analytic one-loop-level expressions for form factors $f$ and $g$ corresponding to the mixed process, $K^0\to\pi^0\pi^-\ell^+\nu_{\ell}$. We propose here a possible splitting between strong and electromagnetic parts allowing analytic (and numerical) evaluation of Isospin breaking corrections. The latter are sensitive to the infrared divergence subtraction scheme and are sizeable near the $\pi\pi$ production threshold. Our results should be used for the extraction of the $P$-wave iso-vector $\pi\pi$ phase shift from the outgoing data of the currently running KTeV experiment at FNAL.Comment: 47 pages, LaTeX, 6 postscript figure

Mental health trajectories among the general population and higher-risk groups following the COVID-19 pandemic in Switzerland, 2021-2023.

Mental health deteriorated in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic, but improved relatively quickly as restrictions were eased, suggesting overall resilience. However, longer-term follow-up of mental health in the general population is scarce. We examined mental health trajectories in 5624 adults (58 % women; aged 18-97 years) from the Specchio-COVID19 cohort, using the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale-2 and the Patient Health Questionnaire-2, administered each month from February to June 2021, and in Spring 2022 and 2023. Depressive and anxiety symptoms declined during a pandemic wave from February to May 2021 (β = -0.06 [-0.07, -0.06]; -0.06 [-0.07, -0.05]), and remained lower at longer-term follow-up than at the start of the wave. Loneliness also declined over time, with the greatest decline during the pandemic wave (β = -0.25 [-0.26, -0.24]). Many higher-risk groups, including socioeconomically disadvantaged individuals, those with a chronic condition, and those living alone had poorer mental health levels throughout the study period. Women and younger individuals had a faster improvement in mental health during the pandemic wave. Loneliness trajectories were associated with mental health trajectories throughout the study period. We cannot definitively conclude that the observed changes in mental health were due to experiences of the pandemic. While there was a need for additional mental health support during stricter policy responses to COVID-19, overall, mental health improved relatively soon after measures were eased. Nevertheless, the persistence of mental health disparities highlights the need for further efforts from the government and healthcare practitioners to support vulnerable groups beyond the pandemic

K -> 3 pi Final State Interactions at NLO in CHPT and Cabibbo's Proposal to Measure a_0-a_2

We present the analytical results for the K -> 3 pi final state interactions at next-to-leading order (NLO) in CHPT. We also study the recent Cabibbo's proposal to measure the pi-pi scattering lenghts combination a_0-a_2 from the cusp effect in the pi^0-pi^0 energy spectrum at threshold for K^+ -> pi^0 pi^0 pi^+ and K_L -> pi^0 pi^0 pi^0$, and give the relevant formulas to describe it at NLO. For that, we use the NLO CHPT expression to fit the real part of K -> 3 pi to data while the pi-pi scattering lenghts are treated non-perturbatively. Using them, we make a quantitative estimate of the theoretical uncertaintity of the a_0-a_2 determination at NLO in our approach and obtain that it is not smaller than 5 % if added quadratically and 7 % if linearly for K^+ -> pi^0 pi^0 pi^+. One gets similar theoretical uncertainties if the neutral K_L -> pi^0 pi^0 pi^0 decay data below threshold are used instead. For this decay, there are very large theoretical uncertainties above threshold due to cancellations and data above threshold cannot be used to get the scattering lenghts. All the numbers we present are in the isospin limit apart of two-pion phase space factors which are physical. We compare our results for the cusp effect with Cabibbo and Isidori's results and discuss the differences and agreements. We also comment on the apperance of the singularity at the K -> 3 pi pseudo-threshold s=(m_K-m_pi)^2 in the discontinuity that defines the cusp.Comment: 31 pages, 8 figures. v2=v3 Added the full contributions to the cusp from the real part of the discontinuity. v4 Improved text. Matches published versio