Inter-relationship between altered thoracic- kyphosis angle and core stability and its effect on quality of life among female subjects with hyper-kyphosis

Background: The hyper-kyphotic posture may result in altered alignment of the shoulder and pelvic girdle which may develop compensatory changes in the spinal segments above and below. Thus, affecting the components which maintain the core stability. In this study two components namely strength and endurance were evaluated. The main objective was to determine if there was any correlation between the altered thoracic kyphosis and the core stability as well as to study the effect of hyper-kyphosis on quality of life in female subjects. Methods: The study included 84 female subjects from various areas of Surat aged between 20-60 years with thoracic-kyphosis angle more than 50º and were able to read and write Gujarati language. The Thoracic-kyphosis angle was measured using inclinometer and to assess the core stability (1) Static Endurance tests (2) Dynamic Endurance test and (3) Trunk MMT for strength testing was used. The quality of life was assessed using WHOQOL-BREF Gujarati version. Results: Statistically, moderate positive correlation was obtained between age and thoracic-kyphosis angle. There was strong positive correlation between thoracic-kyphosis angle and flexion: extension, thoracic-kyphosis angle and right-side bridge: left-side bridge, thoracic-kyphosis angle and right- side bridge: extension and thoracic-kyphosis angle and left-side bridge: extension. Out of four domains of WHOQOL-BREF the first two domains showed moderate negative correlation. Conclusions: The core stability was hampered more in subjects with more thoracic-kyphosis angle. While only the physical and psychological component of quality of life was affected by the altered thoracic-kyphosis angle

Coexistence of carcinoma and tuberculosis in one breast

which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Background: The coexistence of breast cancer and tuberculosis is very rare. This can create a dilemma in the diagnosis and treatment as there are no pathognomonic symptoms or signs to distinguish both diseases. Case presentation: A female patient was seen in the breast clinic for a right breast lump. Clinical examination and investigation confirmed cancer and tuberculosis of the right breast. She underwent right mastectomy and axillary clearance and received chemo and radiotherapy. Unfortunately, she died of wide spread metastases. Conclusion: The simultaneous occurrence of these two major illnesses in the breast can lead to many problems regarding diagnosis and treatment. Though rare, surgeons, pathologists and radiologists should be aware of such condition. Background The coexistence of carcinoma and tuberculosis (TB) of the breast and the axillary lymph nodes is rare. The clinical situation

Plakophilin3 Loss Leads to an Increase in PRL3 Levels Promoting K8 Dephosphorylation, Which Is Required for Transformation and Metastasis

The desmosome anchors keratin filaments in epithelial cells leading to the formation of a tissue wide IF network. Loss of the desmosomal plaque protein plakophilin3 (PKP3) in HCT116 cells, leads to an increase in neoplastic progression and metastasis, which was accompanied by an increase in K8 levels. The increase in levels was due to an increase in the protein levels of the Phosphatase of Regenerating Liver 3 (PRL3), which results in a decrease in phosphorylation on K8. The increase in PRL3 and K8 protein levels could be reversed by introduction of an shRNA resistant PKP3 cDNA. Inhibition of K8 expression in the PKP3 knockdown clone S10, led to a decrease in cell migration and lamellipodia formation. Further, the K8 PKP3 double knockdown clones showed a decrease in colony formation in soft agar and decreased tumorigenesis and metastasis in nude mice. These results suggest that a stabilisation of K8 filaments leading to an increase in migration and transformation may be one mechanism by which PKP3 loss leads to tumor progression and metastasis

An expedient, chemoselective N-chloroacetylation of aminoalcohols under metal-free bio-compatible conditions

We are reporting for the first time, efficient, highly chemoselective N-chloroacetylation of amino compounds (amino alcohols, amino acids) by chloroacetyl chloride, without compromising its high reactivity, to give chloroacetamides in phosphate buffer within 20 min. We have systematically studied the effects of buffers, metal salts and HCl scavengers to optimize the reaction conditions. We have carried out intermolecular competitive reactions and shown that anilines and aliphatic amines can be selectively N-chloroacylated in the presence of alcohols and phenols. The acylated products are obtained in high yields and can be easily isolated without chromatographic separation. This reaction represents the first example of a metal-free bio-compatible synthesis under neutral conditions. This method is eco-friendly, easily scalable and robust. We have further studied the intramolecular competitive reactions of aminoalcohols and prepared various N-chloroacetamides in very good yields. Finally, this protocol was conveniently extended to ceramides synthesis as well

An expedient and rapid green chemical synthesis of N-chloroacetanilides and amides using acid chlorides under metal-free neutral conditions

We are reporting for the first time, rapid N-chloroacetylation of anilines and amines in phosphate buffer within 20 min. Primary and secondary amino derivatives (amines, anilines) were efficiently condensed with various acid chlorides (containing aliphatic, aromatic, cyclic and heteroaromatic units). We have also shown that the modification of the electrophilic nature of the substituents on the acid chloride did not affect the product formation and the required amides are formed in high yields. The major advantage of this process is highlighted by the ease of product isolation (simple filtration/precipitation). This process represents the first example of a metal-free, green chemical synthesis under neutral conditions to provide an eco-friendly, easily scalable and robust process for the preparation of amides that expands the scope, utility and applicability of acid chlorides