Immunohistochemistry profile of the mucinous lesions of appendiceal and ovarian origin

Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Surgery no.1 "Nicolae Anestiadi", State University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Nicolae Testemitanu”, Chisinau, Republic of MoldovaIntroduction: Pseudomyxoma peritonei (PMP) is a rare clinical entity, characterized by a significant amount of mucinous ascites associated by peritoneal mucinous implants. The most frequent localization of primary lesion are the appendix and ovaries (epithelial mucinous lesions with varying histopathological architecture), although other primary sites of origin were described: gallbladder, stomach, pancreas, colon, uterus, fallopian tubes, urinary bladder, breast and lungs. There are still ongoing discussions in the literature about PMP, especially regarding the origins, histopathology and adequate treatment. The biological potential of the lesions depends on several factors which may be determined at the morphological examination. The primary aim is to identify the primary lesion site. In majority of PMP cases the primary lesion is originating from appendix. In some cases, though, there may be metastases to the ovaries, which need to be differentiated from primary mucinous ovarian lesions, especially in condition of grossly normal appendix. Taking in consideration all mentioned above, epithelium from different sites manifest different immunohistochemical expressions and this may help to identify the primary lesion site. Ovary epithelium and majority of tumors originating from the ovary manifest positive expression for cytokeratin 7 (CK 7) and are negative for cytokeratin 20 (CK 20), while appendiceal epithelium and tumors originating from appendix and colon are positive for CK 20 and negative for CK 7. Another specific immunohistochemical marker for colorectal and appendiceal origin tumors is the carcinoembrionic antigen (CEA). Materials and methods: Current paper included two cases of ovarian mucinous cystadenoma, two cases of PMP of appendiceal origin (mucinous cystadenocarcinom a) and one case of appendiceal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma. An immunohistochemical profile including CK 7, CK 20 and CEA for all the specimens was perfonned. Results: For cases of PMP of appendiceal origin (n=2) and appendiceal mucinous cystadenocarcinoma (n=l) a positive expression of CK 20 and CEA was obtained, manifested by moderate and/or intense reaction in cytoplasm and membrane of majority of tumor cells (C++/+++; M++/+++). Reaction for CK 7 was negative. For cases of ovarian mucinous cystadenoma (n=2) a positive expression of CK 7 was obtained, manifested by intense reaction in cytoplasm and membrane of the tall prismatic epithelium (C+++; M+++). Reaction for CK 20 and CEA was negative. Conclusion: Results obtained within the current study showed a difference of the immunohistochemical profile of the mucinous lesions of appendiceal and ovarian origin, thus confirming the available data. These findings prove that the immunohistochemical profiling may help to identify the origin of the primary lesion and this have an impact on the subsequent management of these patients

Traumatic diaphragmatic ruptures

Department of Surgery Nr. 1 “N. Anestiadi”, USMF “N. Testemitanu”, Laboratory of Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, National Scientific and Practical Centre of Emergency Medicine, Chișinău, Republic of MoldovaIntroduction: Traumatic diaphragmatic ruptures (TDR) present significant diagnostic challenge and are potentially fatal. TDR are uncommon, the best majority being induced by blunt abdominal trauma, still these can be induced by abdominal, thoracic or thoraco-abdominal wounds. Material and Methods: During February 2012 - March 2014, in our department were treated 19 patients with TDR. Etiology, site and injury dimensions, ISS and RTS scores, method and treatment results were analyzed. Results: There were 16 (84.21%) males and 3 (15.79%) females, with the mean age 30.05±10.36 (95% Cl 25.06 - 35.04) years. Male: female ratio was 5.33:1. Blunt trauma was observed in 7 (36.84%), while wounds were diagnosed in 12 (63.16%) cases. The left diaphragm was injured in 12 (63.16%) and the right-one - in 7 (36.84%) cases. The mean injury size was7.5±6.1 (95% Cl 4.55-10.44) cm. Left-sided mean injury size was 6.41±5.39 cm (95% Cl 2.98-9.84), right-sided mean injury size was 5.5±6.69 cm (95% Cl - 0.68-11.69) (p=0.52). The mean ISS and RTS were 22.53±12.32 (95% Cl - 16.59-28.46) and 7.342±1.053 (95% Cl - 6.834-7.849) respectively. In 13 (68.42%) cases the diagnosis was established 24 h after admission. Preoperative TDR was diagnosed in 9 (47.36%) cases by thoraco-abdominal X-Ray and CT. In all the cases the lesions were sutured using permanent sutures (15 by laparotomy, 1 by right-sided thoracotomy, 1 laparoscopically, 1 by laprotomy with right-sided thoracotomy and 1 by laprotomy with left-sided thoracotomy). Postoperative death-rate was 1 (5.26%). Conclusions: The left part of the diaphragm is more frequently affected. Preoperative diagnosis is difficult

Pseudorapidity densities of charged particles with transverse momentum thresholds in pp collisions at √ s = 5.02 and 13 TeV

The pseudorapidity density of charged particles with minimum transverse momentum (pT) thresholds of 0.15, 0.5, 1, and 2 GeV/c is measured in pp collisions at the center of mass energies of √s=5.02 and 13 TeV with the ALICE detector. The study is carried out for inelastic collisions with at least one primary charged particle having a pseudorapidity (η) within 0.8pT larger than the corresponding threshold. In addition, measurements without pT-thresholds are performed for inelastic and nonsingle-diffractive events as well as for inelastic events with at least one charged particle having |η|2GeV/c), highlighting the importance of such measurements for tuning event generators. The new measurements agree within uncertainties with results from the ATLAS and CMS experiments obtained at √s=13TeV.

Inclusive and multiplicity dependent production of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in pp and p−-Pb collisions

International audienceMeasurements of the production of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV at midrapidity with the ALICE detector are presented down to a transverse momentum ($p_{\rm T}$) of 0.2 GeV$/c$ and up to $p_{\rm T} = 35$ GeV$/c$, which is the largest momentum range probed for inclusive electron measurements in ALICE. In p$-$Pb collisions, the production cross section and the nuclear modification factor of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays are measured in the $p_{\rm T}$ range $0.5 < p_{\rm T} < 26$ GeV$/c$ at $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}} = 8.16$ TeV. The nuclear modification factor is found to be consistent with unity within the statistical and systematic uncertainties. In both collision systems, first measurements of the yields of electrons from heavy-flavour hadron decays in different multiplicity intervals normalised to the multiplicity-integrated yield (self-normalised yield) at midrapidity are reported as a function of the self-normalised charged-particle multiplicity estimated at midrapidity. The self-normalised yields in pp and p$-$Pb collisions grow faster than linear with the self-normalised multiplicity. A strong $p_{\rm T}$ dependence is observed in pp collisions, where the yield of high-$p_{\rm T}$ electrons increases faster as a function of multiplicity than the one of low-$p_{\rm T}$ electrons. The measurement in p$-$Pb collisions shows no $p_{\rm T}$ dependence within uncertainties. The self-normalised yields in pp and p$-$Pb collisions are compared with measurements of other heavy-flavour, light-flavour, and strange particles, and with Monte Carlo simulations

Studying strangeness and baryon production mechanisms through angular correlations between charged Ξ\Xi baryons and identified hadrons in pp collisions at s\sqrt{s} = 13 TeV

International audienceThe angular correlations between charged $\Xi$ baryons and associated identified hadrons (pions, kaons, protons, $\Lambda$ baryons, and $\Xi$ baryons) are measured in pp collisions at $\sqrt{s} = 13$ TeV with the ALICE detector to give insight into the particle production mechanisms and balancing of quantum numbers on the microscopic level. In particular, the distribution of strangeness is investigated in the correlations between the doubly-strange $\Xi$ baryon and mesons and baryons that contain a single strange quark, K and $\Lambda$. As a reference, the results are compared to $\Xi\pi$ and $\Xi\mathrm{p}$ correlations, where the associated mesons and baryons do not contain a strange valence quark. These measurements are expected to be sensitive to whether strangeness is produced through string breaking or in a thermal production scenario. Furthermore, the multiplicity dependence of the correlation functions is measured to look for the turn-on of additional particle production mechanisms with event activity. The results are compared to predictions from the string-breaking model PYTHIA 8, including tunes with baryon junctions and rope hadronisation enabled, the cluster hadronisation model HERWIG 7, and the core-corona model EPOS-LHC. While some aspects of the experimental data are described quantitatively or qualitatively by the Monte Carlo models, no one model can match all features of the data. These results provide stringent constraints on the strangeness and baryon number production mechanisms in pp collisions

Exploring the strong interaction of three-body systems at the LHC

International audienceDeuterons are atomic nuclei composed of a neutron and a proton held together by the strong interaction. Unbound ensembles composed of a deuteron and a third nucleon have been investigated in the past using scattering experiments and they constitute a fundamental reference in nuclear physics to constrain nuclear interactions and the properties of nuclei. In this work K$^{+}-$d and p$-$d femtoscopic correlations measured by the ALICE Collaboration in proton$-$proton (pp) collisions at $\sqrt{s}=13$ TeV at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are presented. It is demonstrated that correlations in momentum space between deuterons and kaons or protons allow us to study three-hadron systems at distances comparable with the proton radius. The analysis of the K$^{+}-$d correlation shows that the relative distances at which deuterons and proton/kaons are produced are around 2 fm. The analysis of the p$-$d correlation shows that only a full three-body calculation that accounts for the internal structure of the deuteron can explain the data. In particular, the sensitivity of the observable to the short-range part of the interaction is demonstrated. These results indicate that correlations involving light nuclei in pp collisions at the LHC will also provide access to any three-body systems in the strange and charm sectors

Measurements of jet quenching using semi-inclusive hadron+jet distributions in pp and central Pb−-Pb collisions at sNN=5.02\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02 TeV

International audienceThe ALICE Collaboration reports measurements of the semi-inclusive distribution of charged-particle jets recoiling from a high transverse momentum (high $p_{\rm T}$) charged hadron, in pp and central Pb$-$Pb collisions at center of mass energy per nucleon$-$nucleon collision $\sqrt{s_{\rm NN}}=5.02$ TeV. The large uncorrelated background in central Pb$-$Pb collisions is corrected using a data-driven statistical approach, which enables precise measurement of recoil jet distributions over a broad range in $p_{\rm T,ch\,jet}$ and jet resolution parameter $R$. Recoil jet yields are reported for $R=0.2$, 0.4, and 0.5 in the range $7 < p_{\rm T,ch\, jet} < 140$ GeV$/c$ and $\pi/2<\Delta\varphi<\pi$, where $\Delta\varphi$ is the azimuthal angular separation between hadron trigger and recoil jet. The low $p_{\rm T,ch\,jet}$ reach of the measurement explores unique phase space for studying jet quenching, the interaction of jets with the quark-gluonnplasma generated in high-energy nuclear collisions. Comparison of $p_{\rm T,ch\,jet}$ distributions from pp and central Pb$-$Pb collisions probes medium-induced jet energy loss and intra-jet broadening, while comparison of their acoplanarity distributions explores in-medium jet scattering and medium response. The measurements are compared to theoretical calculations incorporating jet quenching

Data-driven precision determination of the material budget in ALICE

International audienceThe knowledge of the material budget with a high precision is fundamental for measurements of direct photon production using the photon conversion method due to its direct impact on the total systematic uncertainty. Moreover, it influences many aspects of the charged-particle reconstruction performance. In this article, two procedures to determine data-driven corrections to the material-budget description in ALICE simulation software are developed. One is based on the precise knowledge of the gas composition in the Time Projection Chamber. The other is based on the robustness of the ratio between the produced number of photons and charged particles, to a large extent due to the approximate isospin symmetry in the number of produced neutral and charged pions. Both methods are applied to ALICE data allowing for a reduction of the overall material budget systematic uncertainty from 4.5% down to 2.5%. Using these methods, a locally correct material budget is also achieved. The two proposed methods are generic and can be applied to any experiment in a similar fashion