Duodenal carcinoid tumour – a case report

Duodenal carcinoids are rare tumours of the small intestine with heterogenous clinical and pathological characteristics. The long-term prognosis is very good if discovered in the early stages. We present the case of a patient with a non-functional duodenal carcinoid tumour discovered incidentally during an upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. The diagnosis was confirmed through immunohistochemistry. Treatment consisted of the endoscopic resection of the tumour and the surveillance of the patient for the following 2 years, with no signs of recurrence. We have conducted a literature review regarding the clinical manifestations, diagnosis, treatment, and follow-up of patients with this type of tumours

Performanzanalyse für Multi-Core Multi-Mode Systeme mit gemeinsam genutzten Ressourcen - Verfahren und Anwendung auf AUTOSAR -

In order to implement multi-core systems for single-mode and multi-mode real-time applications, as can be found in modern automobiles, their development process requires appropriate methods and tools for timing and performance verification. In this context, this thesis proposes first novel approaches for the analysis of worst-case blocking-times and response-times for single-mode real-time applications that share resources in partitioned multi-core systems. For this purpose a compositional performance analysis methodology is adopted and extended to take into account the contention of tasks on the processor cores and on the shared resources under different combinations of processor scheduling policies and shared resource arbitration strategies. Highly relevant is the compatibility of the proposed analysis methods with the specifications of the automotive AUTOSAR standard, which defines the combination of (1) preemptive, non-preemptive and cooperative core local scheduling with (2) lock-based arbitration of core local shared resources and spinlock-based arbitration of inter-core shared resources. Further, this thesis proposes novel timing analysis solutions for multi-mode distributed real-time systems. For such systems, the settling time of a mode change, called mode change transition latency, is identified as an important system parameter that has been neglected before. This thesis contributes a novel analysis algorithm which gives a maximum bound on each mode change transition latency of multi-mode distributed applications. Knowing the settling time of each mode change, the impact of multiple mode changes and of the possible overload situations can be handled in the early development phases of real-time systems. Finally, an approach for safely handling shared resources across mode changes is presented and a corresponding timing analysis method is contributed. The new analysis solution combines modeling and analysis elements of the multi-core and multi-mode related analysis solutions and focuses on the specification of the AUTOSAR standard. This enables system designers to handle the timing behavior of more complex systems in which the problems of mode management, multi-core scheduling and shared resource arbitration coexist. The applicability and usefulness of the contributed analysis solutions are highlighted by experimental evaluations, which are enabled by the implementation of the proposed analysis methods in a performance analysis tool framework.Um Multicore-Systeme für die Umsetzung zeitkritischer Single- und Multi-Mode Anwendungen in sicherheitskritischen Umgebungen einsetzen zu können, werden in dem Entwicklungsprozess geeignete Analysemethoden und Tools zur Bestimmung des Zeitverhaltens und der Performanz benötigt. Als erster Beitrag dieser Dissertation werden neue Analyseverfahren eingeführt, um die Worst-Case-Antwortzeiten und -Blockierungszeiten für statische Echtzeitanwendungen in Single-Mode eingebetteten Multicore-Systemen mit gemeinsam genutzten Ressourcen zu bestimmen. Die entwickelten Verfahren nutzen einen existierenden kompositionellen Performanzanalyseansatz und erweitern diesen, um verschiedene Kombinationen von partitionierenden Multiprozessor-Schedulingverfahren und –Synchronisationsmechanismen behandeln zu können. Besonders praxisrelevant ist die Möglichkeit, die Kombination von (1) preemptives, nicht-preemptives sowie kooperatives Prozessor-Scheduling und (2) Spinlock-basierten Synchronisationsmechanismen zu analysieren, die heute in AUTOSAR-konformen Automotive-Softwarearchitekturen standardisiert sind. Als zweiter Beitrag wird in dieser Dissertation ein neuer Ansatz für die Analyse der zeitlichen Auswirkungen von mehreren Szenarienübergängen in vernetzten Multi-Mode eingebetteten Systemen eingeführt. Als erste konstruktive Maßnahme ermöglicht das in dieser Arbeit präsentierte Verfahren die Berechnung der Einschwingzeit jedes Szenarioübergangs und leistet dadurch eine wichtige Hilfestellung beim Systementwurf. Auf diese Weise können die Auswirkungen der Szenarienübergänge, einschließlich der zeitlich begrenzten Überlastsituationen, kontrolliert und in den Systementwurf frühzeitig einbezogen werden. Als letzter Beitrag dieser Dissertation wird ein Ansatz für die Handhabung der Zugriffskonflikte auf gemeinsam genutzten Ressourcen in Multi-Mode eingebetteten Multicore-Systemen präsentiert und eine entsprechende Analysemethode eingeführt. Die neue Analyse kombiniert Modellierungs- und Analyse-Elemente der vorher in dieser Arbeit eingeführten Analyseansätze, und ermöglicht die Untersuchung des ungünstigsten Zeitverhaltens viel komplexer eingebetteten Multicore-Systemen. Dabei werden erneut Spezifikationen der AUTOSAR-Standards berücksichtigt. Nicht zuletzt werden alle Analysemethoden in eine Toolumgebung implementiert und für verschiedene Experimente, die deren praktische Anwendbarkeit hervorheben, angewendet

Unhealthy lifestyle and the risk of metabolic syndrome- the Romanian experience

Background. Metabolic syndrome (MetS) represents a clustering of metabolic risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Many studies have shown the influence of an unhealthy lifestyle on the risk of MetS, yet some aspects remain controversial. Aim of the study: to investigate the relationship between an unhealthy lifestyle and the risk of MetS. Materials and Methods. The study was conducted using a sample of 181 patients, 54 (29.8%) males and 127 (70.2%) females, aged 59.95±10.8 years. The baseline survey involved the completion of structured questionnaires and clinical examination. Results. Rural environment, lower education level, past smoking, the absence of fruit/vegetables in the diet, carbonated soft drinks, and the consumption of significant amounts of alcohol were risk factors for the MetS. Conclusion. A precise etiology for the MetS remains unclear, but it is known to result from a complex interaction of genetic, metabolic, and socio-economic and environmental factors

Nanoparticles in the treatment of chronic lung diseases

Nanoparticles, although considered a topic of modern medicine, actually have an interesting history. Currently, advances in nanomedicine hold great promise as drug carrier systems for sustained release and targeted delivery of diverse therapeutic agents. Nanoparticles can be defined as complex drug carrier systems which incorporate and protect a certain drug or particle. Nanoparticles can be administered via different routes, such as intravenous injection, oral administration, or pulmonary inhalation. Even though the use of nano-carriers via pulmonary inhalation is heavily debated, this system represents an attractive alternative to the intravenous or oral routes, due to the unique anatomical and physiological features of the lungs and the minimal interactions between the targeted site and other organs. Some of the widely used nano-carriers for the treatment of chronic pulmonary diseases, via pulmonary route, are as follows: polymeric nanoparticles, liposomal nano-carriers, solid lipid nanoparticles, and submicron emulsions. Nano-carrier systems provide the advantage of sustained-drug release in the lung tissue resulting in reduced dosing frequency and improved patient compliance. Further studies focusing on understanding the mechanisms of action of nanoparticles and improving their chemical structure are required in order to better understand the potential long-term risk of excipient toxicity and nanoscale carriers

Концептуальные основы модернизации образовательного процесса в среднем медицинском образовании

Colegiul Naţional de Medicină şi Farmacie, Chişinău, Conferinţa Ştiinţifico-Practică „Medicina modernă, actualităţi şi perspective”, consacrată aniversării de 40 de ani ai Spitalului Clinic al Ministerului Sănătăţii, 27-28 mai, 2010, Chişinău, Republica MoldovaPost-secondary medical education is an essential step of medical education in Moldova. The strategy’s mission is to integrate youth into an effective system of education, including the initial and further training of specialists in medicine in accordance with the principles of a democratic society as well as the ideas of increasing and strengthening the health services and the health of the nation. This strategy is to modernize the process of post-secondary training in medical education by training medical professionals in accordance with the current and future needs of the medical society. The proposed strategy is compatible with European Union directives from the period 2007 – 2008.Среднее медицинское образование является важной ступенью медицинского образования в Молдове. Стратегия заключается в интеграции молодежи в эффективную систему образования и направлена на укрепление национальной системы здравоохранения и здоровье нации. Цель стратегии состоит в модернизации процесса проектирования послешкольного обучения медицинским наукам в соответствии с текущими и будущими потребностями общества. Стратегия совместима с директивами Европейского Союза 2007 - 2008 г. на предмет признания профессиональной квалификации