The Etiology and Clinical Evaluations of Neonatal Seizures in Kashan, IRAN

How to Cite This Article: Talebian A, Jahangiri M, Rabiee M, Masoudi Alavi N, Akbari H, Sadat Z. The Etiology and Clinical Evaluations ofNeonatal Seizures in Kashan, IRAN. Iran J Child Neurol. Spring 2015;9(2):29-41. AbstractObjectiveDetection of seizure, its etiology, and clinical types is important for guiding therapy. This study was designed to evaluate the etiology and clinical evaluations of neonatal seizures in Kashan, Iran.Materials and MethodsThe data of 100 hospitalized neonates with a complaint of seizures in Kashan City, from January 2006 to January 2011 were evaluated. The pediatric neurologist made the final diagnosis. The gestational age, neonate admission age, type of delivery, and laboratory and radiological investigations were reviewed   from the medical records. The relation of seizure etiology and other variables were compared using the Chi-square test. All the statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (ver 11.5).ResultsA total of 100 neonates were hospitalized with a diagnosis of seizures. The overall incidence rate of seizures was 2.6 per 1,000 live births. A total of 59% of seizures happened in the first three days of life. The etiologies of seizures were hypoxicischemic encephalopathy (HIE) (36%), hyponatremia (12%), hypoglycemia (11%), intracranial hemorrhage (11%), infections (10%), hypocalcemia (8%), metabolic disorders (7%), the structural anomalies (5%), and hypomagnesaemia (4%). In 23% of neonates, no specific etiology was found and 23% had multiple etiologies. In 45% of neonates, the EEG was not recorded. The type of the seizures were focal-clonic (26%), tonic (25%), multifocal clonic (34%), subtle(11%), and myoclonic (4%). The types of the seizure were unrelated to the paraclinical findings.ConclusionNeonatal seizures are common and HIE was the main cause of seizures in this study. The clinical evaluation of neonatal seizures needs improvement

Assessment Relationship between Body-esteem and perceived Social Support in Patients with Ostomy

Introduction: Colorectal cancer is a progressive gastrointestinal disease that leads to the insertion of an ostomy for patients. On the other hand, the manifestations and complications caused by the insertion of the ostomy cause many physical and mental problems for the patient. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between body-esteem and perceived social support in patients with ostomy in the Iranian Ostomy Association. Methods: This descriptive-correlational study was performed on 350 patients with ostomy referring to the Iranian Ostomy Association in Tehran. The Convenient method was used for sampling. The data collection tool was a Body-esteem Scale and Nortous social support questionnaire. Data were analyzed by SPSS software version 16 and independent t-test, ANOVA, Pearson correlation coefficient and Tukey test. Results: The mean and standard deviation of Body-esteem and perceived social support of patients were 42.57 ± 10.24 and 131.17 ± 15.45. According to the findings of this study, the mean score of Body-esteem and social support in patients with ostomy was moderate. There is a direct and significant relationship between social support and Body-esteem (r = 0.13, P = 0.006). Conclusions: Since the perception of social support has considerable effect on Body-esteem, it is recommended that nurses, by identifying high-risk groups in terms of receiving and understanding social support, continuously examine the patient's support needs and improve their level of Mental health and also by connecting patients with the community, families and groups of friends pay attention to this psychological dimension. Keywords: Ostomy, Body-esteem, Social Support, Colorectal Cance

Factor analysis of self-treatment in diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Self-treatment is a treatment of oneself without professional help, which may cause health-related consequences. This investigation examined the self-treatment behaviors in patients with diabetes mellitus in Iran/kashan.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The patients who referred to the clinic of diabetes and those who were admitted to the General hospital in the city of Kashan due to diabetes mellitus were asked to participate in this cross-sectional study. For data collection, The 25 item questionnaire of Likert scale type with four scales was used. Factor analysis was performed to define the patterns of self-treatment.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>398 patients participated in the study. The mean age of the study population was 54.9 ± 12.9 years. The majority (97%) had type 2 diabetes. 50% of patients reported self- treatment. The self-treatment score was 45.8 ± 8.8 (25-100). Female gender, lower education and co-morbid illnesses of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and cardiac disease had significant relationship with self-treatment. The factor analysis procedure revealed seven factors that explained the 43% of variation in the self-treatment. These seven factors were categorized as knowledge, deficiencies of formal treatments, available self-treatment methods, physician related factors, the tendency to use herbal remedies, underlying factors such as gender and factors related to diabetes.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>There is a medium tendency for self-treatment in diabetic patients. The assessment of self-treatment practices must be an essential part of patients' management in diabetes care.</p

Surveying the quality of prehospital emergency services for the elderly falls 2017

INTRODUCTION: Falls are the most common cause of injuries in elderly population. This study aimed to determine the quality of prehospital emergency services (EMS) for the elderly falls in 2017. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Pre-hospital Emergency Center of Kashan in 2017. The sample consisted of elderly people who had reported fall incidents in EMS. The questionnaire consisted of 7 areas with 54 items. Data collected by descriptive and inferential statistics of Friedman and Mann–Whitney were analyzed by SPSS v. 16 software. RESULTS: The number of elderly people was 150 (58% female) and the average age was 68.22 ± 6.75 years. Most falls (88.65%) occurred at home. The average performance scores (between 0 and 2) were as follows: assessment of the scene of the incident (1.51), primary assessment of the elderly (1.46), airway management (1.64), circulation management (1.78), fixation (1.82), secondary and continuous assessment (1.59), and patient transfer (1.68). It was found that secondary assessment and transfer of the male patients were significantly higher in quality than female patients (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this research, the quality of care in all areas was reported to be desirable. It is recommended that the weaknesses of each area are investigated and the necessary strategies are taken into account such as staff training, changes in data collection forms, and training for the elderly

The experiences of surrogate mothers: A qualitative study

Background: Surrogates are women who bear a genetically unrelated child for another individual or couple. Experiences of surrogate mothers need further investigation. Objective: The objective of the study was to answer the questions of what were the experiences of surrogate mothers and what problems they confronted during the process of surrogacy. Methods: The present study was a qualitative content analysis. Purposive sampling was used in the study. Pregnant women with various ages and educational levels were invited for semi-structured interviews. Graneheim and Lundman's method was used for analyzing the data. Results: In this study, 15 participants were interviewed. The codes extracted from the interviews were categorized into five main themes and 13 subthemes. The main themes were: (1) desperation; (2) pain and suffering with the subthemes of physical pain, emotional suffering, suffering caused by others, and fears; (3) emotional involvement and self-alienation; (4) looking for the positive aspects of the surrogacy with subthemes of positive interpretation of the experience, and the sense of pride; (5) and supportive systems including the commissioning parents, the surrogate's family, the health system, and the community as subthemes. Financial motivations were the reason for surrogacy which made women endure many physical, psychological, and social problems. The women expressed some positive feelings about surrogacy and also mentioned several support sources. Conclusion: Surrogate mothers reported numerous physical, emotional, and social problems that require better counseling services. A supportive system, especially the health system, should provide better and more humanistic services for surrogate mothers

Nurses' experiences of workplace violence in Kashan/Iran: A qualitative content analysis

Background: Nurses are at a high risk of workplace violence (WPV). This phenomenon is largely dependent on the sociocultural conditions. Objectives:This study explained the experiences of nurses about the WPV in medical, surgical, and emergency departments of a general hospital in Kashan, Iran, in 2017. Methods: In a qualitative content analysis, 13 nurses who had the experience of WPV were invited to participate in semi-structured interviews. The interviews were analyzed through conventional qualitative content analysis using the method suggested by Graneheim and Lundman. Results:Four themes were extracted from the interviews. The themes were: violent behaviors, antecedents of violence,violence management,and violence outcomes. Conclusion: WPV had many forms, antecedents, and consequences. Training the personnel and developing a committee for evaluating the incidents can prevent the occurrence of the violence

‌ The Effects of CPR Training Using Two Traditional and Electronic Training Methods on the Knowledge, Skill, and Satisfaction of Nurses from In Service Education of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation

Background and Objectives: With increasing prevalence of heart diseases, a large number of patients refer to hospitals for treatment of heart diseases. These patients are prone to disturbances, such as cardiac arrest that is life threatening. Nurses have taught cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) during their academic education, but the process of CPR changes and is updated every few years, which makes the education important and necessary in this area. The purpose of this study was to determine the level of knowledge, skills, and satisfaction of nurses from participating in traditional and electronic CPR courses and to compare between them.   Methods: This study was carried out as an intervention study on two groups (pre-test and post-test) on nurses working in Kashan Shahid Beheshti Hospital. Sampling was performed using Systematic Random Sampling, and the samples were divided alternatively into two groups of traditional and electronic trainings. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics tests of paired t- and one way ANOVA tests.   Results: the scores of knowledge, skill, and satisfaction of the nurses in both groups of e-learning and traditional education significantly increased, but the level of awareness was significantly higher in the nurses in the e-learning group as compared to the nurses who participated in the traditional training group.   Conclusion: The results of this study showed that both traditional and electronic methods have a positive effect on the promotion of nurses' awareness of CPR. Moreover, knowledge, skills, and satisfaction from CPR e-learning course, were higher than those in nurses participating in the traditional training method

Using chemical drugs and medicinal plants for symptom management among patients receiving chemotherapy

Background: Patients with cancer suffer from different symptoms which can cause discomfort, reduce quality of life, necessitate frequent hospitalization, and impose heavy costs. Health-care providers sometimes overlook symptom management, and hence, patients resort to self-treatment. Objectives: This study sought to assess the use of chemical drugs and medicinal plants for the symptom management among patients receiving chemotherapy. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017 on 186 cancer patients who referred to two chemotherapy centers in Kashan, Iran. Data were collected using a researcher-made instrument consisted of items on demographic characteristics, symptoms, symptom severity and duration, use of chemical drugs and medicinal plants, and their perceived effectiveness. Data were presented using the measures of descriptive statistics and were analyzed using the Spearman's correlation analysis. Results: The most common symptom was fatigue (89.2), with moderate severity in 51.2 of participants. The least common symptom was vomiting (24.2), with mild severity in 62.2 of participants. Vitamins and supplements were the most commonly used chemical drugs (40.3). Chemical drugs had mostly been recommended by health-care providers. Only, 50 of patients with pain and 12.2 of patients with dry mouth and oral ulcer used chemical drugs. Medicinal plants were used by 87.4 of participants, without medical prescription. Conclusion: Cancer patients suffer from many symptoms which need careful assessment and effective management by health-care providers. These patients use medicinal plants more commonly than chemical drugs for symptom management, whereas chemical drugs are more effective. Symptom management among cancer patients is not effective enough, and hence, most of them resort to over-the-counter medicinal plants