Body image disturbance among teenage boys in school

Bacheloroppgave faglærerutdanning i kroppsøving og idrettsfag, 2015Forfatter: Lars Oppedal Neess Tittel: Forstyrret kroppsbilde blant tenåringsgutter i skolen Problemstilling: Hva kjennetegner et forstyrret kroppsbilde blant tenåringsgutter i skolen? Metode: Jeg har valgt litteraturstudie som metode for å besvare problemstillingen min. Resultat: Forstyrret kroppsbilde blant tenåringsgutter i skolen kjennetegnes ved en sterk trang og et sterkt press for å oppnå en muskuløs kropp og de ser ofte på seg selv som tynnere eller mindre muskuløse enn de egentlig er. Kroppsbildet til skolegutter blir ofte i stor grad påvirket av jevnaldrende gutter, foreldre og media. Dette kroppspresset rettet mot et muskuløst utseende kan bli så sterkt at disse guttene kan få psykiske problemer som lav selvtillit og depresjoner. De kan da fort ende opp med å ta i bruk ekstreme metoder som overspising, overtrening og bruk av anabole steroider i håp om å få den kroppen de ønsker seg

Mentorordningen på Jegersberg gård

Bakgrunn: Bruk av alkohol og illegale rusmidler er blant de viktigste risikofaktorene for død og tapte leveår i den norske befolkningen. Det er en stor folkehelseutfordring som har konsekvenser både for samfunnet og for enkeltpersoner. Omsorgs- og rehabiliteringsfeltet er i stadig utvikling for å bedre rehabiliteringstilbudet for personer med rusmiddellidelser, og det er behov for å kartlegge nye tjenestetilbud. Studiens hensikt: Hensikten med denne studien var å undersøke om en rolle som mentor kan være en bidragsyter i individers rusrehabiliteringsprosess. Problemstilling: Kan en rolle som mentor være en bidragsyter i individers rusrehabiliteringsprosess? Metode: Kvalitativt forskningsintervju er benyttet som datainnsamlingsmetode. Studien inkluderer seks informanter. Alle informantene var deltakere i mentorordningen på Jegersberg gård. Datamaterialet er analysert med bruk av tematisk analyse. Resultater: Studien viser at mentorene spilte en viktig rolle i tilpasningsfasen til de nyinnflyttede beboerne på rusrehabiliteringsinstitusjonen. I tillegg viser resultatene at en rolle som mentor har vært positivt for deltakerne, i form av at de har følt seg nyttige og at de har kjent på en personlig vekst som følge av rollen. Videre viser resultatene at mentorene har hjulpet seg selv, ved å hjelpe andre. Konklusjon: Resultatene tyder på at en rolle som mentor er en positiv bidragsyter for personer i rusrehabilitering. Mentorrollen har positiv effekt både for mentorene og protesjeene. Nøkkelord: Mentorering, rehabilitering, aktiv omsorg, salutogenese, empowerment, recovery

Long-Term Mortality in Patients Diagnosed with Meningococcal Disease: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study

Background: In contrast to the case fatality rate of patients diagnosed with meningococcal disease (MD) the long-term mortality in these patients is poorly documented. Methodology/Principal Findings: We performed a nationwide, population-based cohort study including all Danish patients diagnosed with MD from 1977 through 2006 and alive one year after diagnosis. Data was retrieved from the Danish National Hospital Register, the Danish Civil Registration System and the Danish Register of Causes of Death. For each patient four age- and gender-matched individuals were identified from the population cohort. The siblings of the MD patients and of the individuals from the population cohort were identified. We constructed Kaplan-Meier survival curves and used Cox regression analysis, cumulative incidence function and subdistribution hazard regression to estimate mortality rate ratios (MRR) and analyze causes of death. We identified 4,909 MD patients, 19,636 individuals from the population cohort, 8,126 siblings of MD patients and 31,140 siblings of the individuals from the population cohort. The overall MRR for MD patients was 1.27 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 1.12–1.45), adjusted MRR, 1.21 (95 % CI, 1.06–1.37). MD was associated with increased risk of death due to nervous system diseases (MRR 3.57 (95 % CI, 1.82–7.00). No increased mortality due to infections, neoplasms or cardiovascular diseases was observed. The MRR for siblings of MD patients compared with siblings of the individuals from the population cohort was 1.17 (95 % CI, 0.92–1.48)

Metabolic programming determines the lineage-differentiation fate of murine bone marrow stromal progenitor cells

Enhanced bone marrow adipogenesis and impaired osteoblastogenesis have been observed in obesity, suggesting that the metabolic microenvironment regulates bone marrow adipocyte and osteoblast progenitor differentiation fate. To determine the molecular mechanisms, we studied two immortalized murine cell lines of adipocyte or osteoblast progenitors (BMSC

Risk Factors for Being Seronegative following SARS-CoV-2 Infection in a Large Cohort of Health Care Workers in Denmark

Most individuals seroconvert after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but being seronegative is observed in 1 to 9%. We aimed to investigate the risk factors associated with being seronegative following PCR-confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection. In a prospective cohort study, we screened health care workers (HCW) in the Capital Region of Denmark for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. We performed three rounds of screening from April to October 2020 using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method targeting SARS-CoV-2 total antibodies. Data on all participants’ PCR for SARS-CoV-2 RNA were captured from national registries. The Kaplan-Meier method and Cox proportional hazards models were applied to investigate the probability of being seronegative and the related risk factors, respectively. Of 36,583 HCW, 866 (2.4%) had a positive PCR before or during the study period. The median (interquartile range [IQR]) age of 866 HCW was 42 (31 to 53) years, and 666 (77%) were female. After a median of 132 (range, 35 to 180) days, 21 (2.4%) of 866 were seronegative. In a multivariable model, independent risk factors for being seronegative were self-reported asymptomatic or mild infection hazard ratio (HR) of 6.6 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.6 to 17; P < 0.001) and body mass index (BMI) of ≥30, HR 3.1 (95% CI, 1.1 to 8.8; P = 0.039). Only a few (2.4%) HCW were not seropositive. Asymptomatic or mild infection as well as a BMI above 30 were associated with being seronegative. Since the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 reduces the risk of reinfection, efforts to protect HCW with risk factors for being seronegative may be needed in future COVID-19 surges. IMPORTANCE Most individuals seroconvert after infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), but negative serology is observed in 1 to 9%. We found that asymptomatic or mild infection as well as a BMI above 30 were associated with being seronegative. Since the presence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 reduces the risk of reinfection, efforts to protect HCW with risk factors for being seronegative may be needed in future COVID-19 surges

Enhanced Fatty Acid Oxidation and FATP4 Protein Expression after Endurance Exercise Training in Human Skeletal Muscle

FATP1 and FATP4 appear to be important for the cellular uptake and handling of long chain fatty acids (LCFA). These findings were obtained from loss- or gain of function models. However, reports on FATP1 and FATP4 in human skeletal muscle are limited. Aerobic training enhances lipid oxidation; however, it is not known whether this involves up-regulation of FATP1 and FATP4 protein. Therefore, the aim of this project was to investigate FATP1 and FATP4 protein expression in the vastus lateralis muscle from healthy human individuals and to what extent FATP1 and FATP4 protein expression were affected by an increased fuel demand induced by exercise training. Eight young healthy males were recruited to the study. All subjects were non smokers and did not participate in regular physical activity (<1 time per week for the past 6 months, VO2peak 3.4±0.1 l O2 min−1). Subjects underwent an 8 week supervised aerobic training program. Training induced an increase in VO2peak from 3.4±0.1 to 3.9±0.1 l min−1 and citrate synthase activity was increased from 53.7±2.5 to 80.8±3.7 µmol g−1 min−1. The protein content of FATP4 was increased by 33%, whereas FATP1 protein content was reduced by 20%. Interestingly, at the end of the training intervention a significant association (r2 = 0.74) between the observed increase in skeletal muscle FATP4 protein expression and lipid oxidation during a 120 min endurance exercise test was observed. In conclusion, based on the present findings it is suggested that FATP1 and FATP4 proteins perform different functional roles in handling LCFA in skeletal muscle with FATP4 apparently more important as a lipid transport protein directing lipids for lipid oxidation

Forstyrret kroppsbilde blant tenåringsgutter i skolen

Forfatter: Lars Oppedal Neess Tittel: Forstyrret kroppsbilde blant tenåringsgutter i skolen Problemstilling: Hva kjennetegner et forstyrret kroppsbilde blant tenåringsgutter i skolen? Metode: Jeg har valgt litteraturstudie som metode for å besvare problemstillingen min. Resultat: Forstyrret kroppsbilde blant tenåringsgutter i skolen kjennetegnes ved en sterk trang og et sterkt press for å oppnå en muskuløs kropp og de ser ofte på seg selv som tynnere eller mindre muskuløse enn de egentlig er. Kroppsbildet til skolegutter blir ofte i stor grad påvirket av jevnaldrende gutter, foreldre og media. Dette kroppspresset rettet mot et muskuløst utseende kan bli så sterkt at disse guttene kan få psykiske problemer som lav selvtillit og depresjoner. De kan da fort ende opp med å ta i bruk ekstreme metoder som overspising, overtrening og bruk av anabole steroider i håp om å få den kroppen de ønsker seg