A study of Community Based Nutritional Intervention and prevention of malnutrition

Background: PEM is one of the major health and nutritional problem in India. It is not only an important cause of childhood mortality and morbidity but also leads to permanent impairment of both physical and mental growth of those who survive. Malnutrition is implicated in >50% of deaths of <5 children (5 million/yr). Improving nutrition for children is crucial in meeting two of the Millennium Development Goals. According to national family health survey-3 there is considerable variation across states with Madhya Pradesh recording the highest rate for underweight children (60.3%) and Kerala among the lowest (28.8%). The great majority of cases of PEM nearly 80% are intermediate that is mild and moderate cases which frequently go unrecognized. These are the fact that made us to pick this issue in order to benefit the children of locality to some extent. Objectives: To identify under 5 year children with malnutrition, To demonstrate the method of preparing high protein mix diet and to educate mothers about adequate recommended diet as per age of children, To find out whether high protein mix improves nutritional status of identified malnourished children. Methodology: It was cross sectional and interventional study carried out in two villages of Jabalpur districts during the period of three months among 100 under five children. We had screened them and calculated weight for age (%) and categorized them according to Gomez Classification that is normal, mild, moderate and severe malnutrition. Intervention was done on malnourished children then 4 follow ups at the interval of 15 days. Intervention strategies: Nutrition education and provision of High Protein Mix Diet. Result: 12% children were identified as malnourished where 7% were having mild grade malnutrition and 5% with moderate grade of malnutrition. Among male there were 14.04% children were malnourished while among female 9.3% were malnourished. After intervention 50% children were showing change in the grade where one shifted to normal grade and 4 to mild grade. Weight of malnourished children steadily increasing during follow-up. Conclusion: Regular and proper age wise dietary intake and High protein mix diet can significantly contribute to correct malnutrition at community level

An illustration of delays in Mucormycosis: A case Study

Background: Mucormycosis is an opportunistic fungal infection with a high fatality rate and is the third most common fungal infection that is invasive in nature, next to candidiasis and aspergillosis. It is attributed to the poor socio-economic status and triggered by the local trauma due to unhygienic setup or poor health care. The pathway of pathogenesis is not clearly understood in immunocompetent patients and therefore becomes a matter of great concern.Aim& Objective: To explore the pathway of  mucormycosis in a case of post SARS-CoV-2 infection Settings and Design: Tertiary Care hospital of Jabalpur DistrictMethods and Material: Interview with the case and care taker and case file review.Results: We could conclude this as a case of rhino- orbital mucormycosis attributed to uncontrolled blood sugar during treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection,  three delays that have occurred during the disease progression like ignorance from health service provider, late diagnosis, non compliance to the advice given by health facility,  poor oral and nasal hygiene and no use of distilled water in humidifier. Conclusions: The early diagnosis, prompt Treatment , surgical intervention , proper blood sugar monitoring and rational use of steroids are important steps of successful outcome of the disease

A case control study on s. uric acid and s. creatinine level in pre-eclampsia patients of a tertiary care hospital in Jabalpur district of Central India

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a multisystem disorder of pregnancy which is characterized by hypertension with proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation in previously normotensive and non proteinuric pregnant women. Pre-eclampsia associated with intrauterine growth retardation, preterm birth, maternal and perinatal death. Serum creatinine and uric acid has been shown to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease and often precede clinical manifestations. This study compares the serum creatinine and uric acid in pre -eclampsia case and normal pregnant women and to assess its role in pre-eclampsia.Methods: 158 patients of which 79 pre-eclampsia (cases) and 79 (controls) were selected randomly and were matched with their gestational age in patient who Attending ANC clinic at Department of Obstretics and Gynecology in March 2016 to August 2017. Lipid profile was estimated by the Randox imola is a compact fully automated clinical chemistry analyser.Results: Authors observed that pre-eclampsia is more common in young age pregnant women with low socioeconomic status with strenuous activities. The mean age was 24.51±3.707 years. The mean serum creatinine and urice acid value is analysed in pre-eclampia cases and compared with control group showing significantly increase (p<0.0001).Conclusions: Young age, nullyparity, low socio economic status specially labour occupation, with derangment of Serum creatinine in pregnant women were found to be more prone to develop pre-eclampsia. Proper history tacking, examination and estimation of serum creatinine and uric acid may be helpful for early diagnosis and management of pre–eclampsia in order to prevent fetal and maternal complications especially in nulliparous women

Impact of COVID-19 pandemic on routine immunization of under 5 children in Jabalpur district of Madhya Pradesh. A descriptive cross-sectional study

Background The WHO (world health organization) announced COVID-19 pandemic as public health emergency of international concern on January 2020. This pandemic has declined the acceptance of pediatric preventive care, like immunization coverage among under 5 children. This was because of total lockdown and fear among beneficiary and engagement of health care workers with different task related to pandemic. The aim of this study was to find out the routine immunization status of under five children registered in urban and rural anganwadis in pre and during COVID-19 pandemic

A case control study on s. uric acid and s. creatinine level in pre-eclampsia patients of a tertiary care hospital in Jabalpur district of Central India

Background: Pre-eclampsia is a multisystem disorder of pregnancy which is characterized by hypertension with proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation in previously normotensive and non proteinuric pregnant women. Pre-eclampsia associated with intrauterine growth retardation, preterm birth, maternal and perinatal death. Serum creatinine and uric acid has been shown to play a significant role in the pathogenesis of the disease and often precede clinical manifestations. This study compares the serum creatinine and uric acid in pre -eclampsia case and normal pregnant women and to assess its role in pre-eclampsia.Methods: 158 patients of which 79 pre-eclampsia (cases) and 79 (controls) were selected randomly and were matched with their gestational age in patient who Attending ANC clinic at Department of Obstretics and Gynecology in March 2016 to August 2017. Lipid profile was estimated by the Randox imola is a compact fully automated clinical chemistry analyser.Results: Authors observed that pre-eclampsia is more common in young age pregnant women with low socioeconomic status with strenuous activities. The mean age was 24.51±3.707 years. The mean serum creatinine and urice acid value is analysed in pre-eclampia cases and compared with control group showing significantly increase (p&lt;0.0001).Conclusions: Young age, nullyparity, low socio economic status specially labour occupation, with derangment of Serum creatinine in pregnant women were found to be more prone to develop pre-eclampsia. Proper history tacking, examination and estimation of serum creatinine and uric acid may be helpful for early diagnosis and management of pre–eclampsia in order to prevent fetal and maternal complications especially in nulliparous women

A study of malnutrition and associated risk factors among children of age 06-59 months in rural area of Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh

Background: “Malnutrition is a silent emergency”. Malnutrition is not only an important cause of childhood mortality and morbidity, but also leads to permanent impairment of both physical and mental growth of those who survive. Aims &amp; Objectives: To determine the prevalence of malnutrition and association with various risk factors among children of age 06-59 months in rural area of Jabalpur district Madhya Pradesh. Material and Methods: Study was conducted among 517 children of age group 06-59 months in two randomly selected blocks of Jabalpur District.&nbsp; Multistage random sampling technique was used. Predesigned questionnaire was used to collect data and anthropometric measurements were done. Data analysis was done using Epi Info™ 7.1.5 and SPSS 20.0 (free trial version). Result: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting were found to be 35.8%, 41.4% and 19.7% respectively while the prevalence of obese and overweight was 2.7% &amp; 5.6% respectively. Children born with low birth weight, having higher birth order, more number of siblings, those with incomplete immunization status and inappropriate feeding practices were associated with malnutrition. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the multiple risk factors for childhood malnutrition requiring multisectoral approach to fight against this silent killer

A study of malnutrition and associated risk factors among children of age 06-59 months in rural area of Jabalpur district, Madhya Pradesh

Background: “Malnutrition is a silent emergency”. Malnutrition is not only an important cause of childhood mortality and morbidity, but also leads to permanent impairment of both physical and mental growth of those who survive. Aims & Objectives: To determine the prevalence of malnutrition and association with various risk factors among children of age 06-59 months in rural area of Jabalpur district Madhya Pradesh. Material and Methods: Study was conducted among 517 children of age group 06-59 months in two randomly selected blocks of Jabalpur District.  Multistage random sampling technique was used. Predesigned questionnaire was used to collect data and anthropometric measurements were done. Data analysis was done using Epi Info™ 7.1.5 and SPSS 20.0 (free trial version). Result: The prevalence of underweight, stunting and wasting were found to be 35.8%, 41.4% and 19.7% respectively while the prevalence of obese and overweight was 2.7% & 5.6% respectively. Children born with low birth weight, having higher birth order, more number of siblings, those with incomplete immunization status and inappropriate feeding practices were associated with malnutrition. Conclusion: The present study demonstrates the multiple risk factors for childhood malnutrition requiring multisectoral approach to fight against this silent killer

Prevalence of hypertension and associated cardiovascular risk factors in Central India

Objectives: To study the difference in the prevalence of hypertension and associated risk factors in urban and rural populations and the association of hypertension with various determinants. Materials and Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 48 villages and 15 urban wards of Jabalpur District of Central India. Nine hundred and thirty-nine individuals aged 20 years and above (624 from rural areas and 315 from urban areas) were included in the study. The prevalence of hypertension and associated cardiovascular risk factors was assessed in the urban and rural populations. A pretested questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic, behavioral, and dietary factors. Anthropometric measurements of weight, height, waist and hip circumference, and blood pressure measurements were taken using the standard methodology. The glucose oxidase-peroxidase and cholesterol oxidase-cholesterol peroxidase methods were used to measure plasma glucose and serum cholesterol, respectively. Bivariate analysis was followed by multivariate analysis to detect the odds of getting hypertension with various risk factors for the urban and rural populations separately. Hypertension was defined as per Joint National Committee (JNC) - VII criteria. Results: The response rate was 97%. Overall prevalence of hypertension was 17%, with 21.4% in the urban population and 14.8% in the rural population. Significantly higher mean values of weight, height, body mass index (BMI), hip circumference (HC), waist circumference (WC), waist hip ratio (WHR), systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting blood sugar (FBS), and serum cholesterol levels were mapped in the urban population in comparison with the rural population. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified increasing age, parental history of hypertension, tobacco smoking, tobacco chewing, physical inactivity, high estimated per capita salt consumption, and BMI ≥27.5 kg/m 2 as independent predictors for hypertension in the urban population, while in the rural population, increasing age, physical inactivity, central obesity, tobacco chewing and tobacco smoking were independent predictors for hypertension. Conclusion: The prevalence of hypertension and other cardiovascular risk factors was high in both urban and rural communities. Therefore, there is a need for comprehensive health promotion programs to encourage lifestyle modification

Amebicidal effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) against Acanthamoeba cysts

Trigonella foenum-graecum L. (TF) is known to the public as a chest emollient, mucous expectorant, laxative and is used to prevent maturation of boils and diabetes since ancient times. In this study, we aimed to determine the amebicidal effects against Acanthamoeba cysts. Plant extracts were prepared at concentrations of 1, 2, 4, 8, 16, and 32 mg/ml and were placed in a hemocytometer with cell counts 22 x 10(6) cell/ml. The fatty acid profiles of TF seeds were determined. Standard Acanthamoeba cysts were added and incubated at 25 degrees C. The viability of the parasite was checked and recorded at hours 3, 24, 48, 72, 96, and 102. The values of lethal concentration doses (LD50 and LD90) were calculated using probit analysis. This study revealed that T. foenum-graecum prevented proliferation of the parasite at certain times. However, further for in vivo and controlled experimental studies are needed in order to find out how to use this plant as medication