Continence outcome following needle less operation (vaginal approach) using indigenous mesh

Background: Economical and accessible non-extensive operation for stress incontinence in women who cannot afford expensive cost of mesh available for mini arc operation and other surgery of incontinences. Inexpensive hernial mesh (Hinglact), commonly available was used after indigenously designing it and placing it without a needle, under the Posterior urethral fascia with a single small vaginal incision.Methods: The present study was conducted on 25 female patients of post-menopausal group who presented with pure stress incontinence complaints. These patients did not have any uterine descent or previous surgery. Indigenously designed hernia mesh used in place of expensive needled Incontinence Meshes available by a single small incision in posterior urethera area.Results: Nearly 75% women with stress Incontinence were relieved of their symptoms with this inexpensive mesh without a needle.Conclusions: Very effective, inexpensive mesh and surgical procedure for poor socio economic, group of women found to relieve significant Incontinent patients compared to commonly used mesh with a needle

Outcome of self administered medical abortion pills by patients

Background: Study of complication rate in patients presenting in Gynaec OPD after consuming self-prescribed medical abortion pills for unwanted pregnancies. Unchecked sale of Mifepristone and Misoprostol from pharmacies without prescription is giving rise to new emergencies in Gyn and Obs OPDs, which need to be urgently looked after by the authorities and public awareness regarding it’s abuse.Methods: 200 patients of reproductive age group from 17 yrs to 42 yrs over a period of 2 years from Apr 2014-Apr. 2016, who presented after consuming abortion pills, themselves, purchased over the counter from various pharmacies. Presenting complaints and complications were recorded and procedures required were analysed.Results: Significant percentage of patients landing into severe anemia, sepsis, incomplete abortions. Two patients required surgery for ruptured ectopic and one diagnosed as hydatiform mole, 3 pregnancies continued to second trimester.Conclusions: The high rate of medical complications occurring due to absence of medical surveillance of such patients and due to lack of protocol of Gynaec examination and ultrasound, it is highly recommended to have a better control over the unabated sale of these drugs at the pharmacies

Changing trends of indication of caesarean section

Background: Percentage of previous C-section undergoing repeat section is close to 90%-92%, morbidity associated with repeat surgery is bringing an altogether new set of challenges for the upcoming future obstetricians. Object of this study is to highlight high incidence of repeat section required and also growing new indications of C-section due to advanced availability of investigative tools.Methods: Retrospective study of 500 patients who underwent C-section and their indications from April 2019 to July 2019 in Govt Doon Medical college, Dehra Dun.Results: Out of total 500 C-sections carried from April 2019 to July 2019, patients with previous section were found to undergo a repeat C-section in 95% of the cases. Another common indication being oligohydramnios followed by cephalopelvic disproportion and failed induction.Conclusions: After assessing the results it is hereby concluded that the commonest indication of C-section in present time is having a previous C-section, which alarms us to take careful judicious decision in performing primi C-sections in order to prevent patients into entering a vicious cycle of repeat surgeries

Study on prevalence of anemia in pregnant women in labour

Background: In the developing world Nutritional deficiency anaemia is the commonest finding in pregnant women. Lack of balanced diet, poor socio-economic status, repeated pregnancies and illiteracy are seen associated with Anaemia commonly. Anaemia itself results in maternal morbidities and poor pregnancy outcomes. Neonatal morbidities also have a direct equation with anaemia. It is a study done on pregnant women in labour with the sole objective to estimate the prevalence of anaemia amongst them and associated fetomaternal morbidities.Methods: It is a prospective observational study done on 300 pregnant women presenting in labour from October 2019-Decemebr 2019, in Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun. These women belonged to Dehradun and surrounding hilly areas of Uttarakhand. Their haemoglobin levels (complete blood count) were assessed at the time of admission along with other routine investigations. They were also assessed for associated pre and post-delivery morbidities and mortality.Results: In this study, out of 300 pregnant women presenting in labour from October 2019 to December 2019, in Government Doon Medical College Dehradun, the incidence of anaemia was found to be very high (70%). Severely anaemic patient group was found to have maximum number of fetomaternal complications and blood transfusion requirements.Conclusions: Despite all the maternal welfare programmes being run at National levels, it is being observed that there is a high unacceptable prevalence of anaemia in pregnant women. This increases their morbidity and mortality. It is a huge burden on hospital finances and blood bank for blood transfusions which are preventable. There is need to strengthen our health care system at primary level for pregnant women and teenage girls

Study of significance of elevated maternal serum β-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG) level in 16 to 20 weeks pregnant women as predictor of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy

Background: Hypertensive disorder of pregnancy affects both mother and fetus, leading their high morbidity and mortality and a major killer of women in developing country. The etiologic of preeclampsia is still not clear. It seems that placenta plays main role in path-physiology of preeclampsia, but there is strict relationship between hypertensive disorder of pregnancy and elevated β-hCG level, indicating there should be an abnormal placental secretary function in patients with severe preeclampsia.Methods: 245 patients were recruited from our institute (OPD) and Prospective analytical study was started with 16-20 weeks pregnant women. Cases were subjected to detailed history and thorough physical examination including baseline blood pressure. β-hCG measurement was done between 16-20 weeks and cases were followed at regular interval for the development of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy. Statistical testing was conducted with appropriate tests.Results: Total 245 women were enrolled in the study, only 208 were followed till delivery, 24 were developed hypertension. On analysis of data, maximum cases were younger, primigravida and of lower class. β-hCG levels (Mean ± SD) were also significantly higher (30100±16250 V/S 74700±23790; p<0.001) in subjects who later developed hypertension. Cut off value of β-hCG was 45755 mIU/ml, and analysis establishes validity of β-hCG as predictor of hypertensive disorder of pregnancy with sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive value for β hCG were 87.5, 83.2, 70.4 and 83.7% respectively.Conclusions: Present study shows that elevated serum β-hCG in early second trimester can be considered as predictor of subsequent hypertensive disorder of pregnancy

Analyze the Performance of Software by Machine Learning Methods for Fault Prediction Techniques

Trend of using the software in daily life is increasing day by day. Software system development is growing more difficult as these technologies are integrated into daily life. Therefore, creating highly effective software is a significant difficulty. The quality of any software system continues to be the most important element among all the required characteristics. Nearly one-third of the total cost of software development goes toward testing. Therefore, it is always advantageous to find a software bug early in the software development process because if it is not found early, it will drive up the cost of the software development. This type of issue is intended to be resolved via software fault prediction. There is always a need for a better and enhanced prediction model in order to forecast the fault before the real testing and so reduce the flaws in the time and expense of software projects. The various machine learning techniques for classifying software bugs are discussed in this paper

Assignment of the spin and parity to the excited states of the (85-86)^Rb nuclei

Background: The isotopes of Rb (Z=37) are one proton away from semi-magic (Z=38) proton number and deficits the characteristic of a spherical nucleus. In the 85,86Rb nuclei, the γ-ray spectroscopy are already performed and given an indication of Magnetic Rotation (MR) which usually observed in nearly spherical nuclei. The angular correlation measurements were used to find the spin and parity of the states.Purpose: To confirm the spin and parity of the states in both the nuclei using Directional Correlation of Oriented (DCO) states ratio and polarization asymmetry (Δ) measurements.Methods: The excited states of the 85,86Rb nuclei were populated via the 76Ge(13C,p3n/p2n) reaction at a beam energy of 45 MeV. The γ-rays emitted from the excited states were detected using Indian National Gamma Array (INGA) spectrometer at the Tata Institute of Fundamental Research (TIFR), Mumbai India.Results: The values of the DCO states ratio and polarization asymmetry (Δ) were obtained and utilized to confirm the spin-parity of the states in the 85,86Rb nuclei. The polarization asymmetry (Δ) values were obtained for the first time using Compton-suppressed clover detectors.Conclusions: In 85Rb, the spin and parity of 3491.1-, 4135.4-, 4757.2- and 5419.3 keV levelsare confirmed and for the 5312.2-, 5611.8 and 6335.9 keV states, only the spin is established. The mul-tipolarity assignment of the 224.3-, 331.5-, 732.8-, 778.1-, 865.4-, 973.5-, 1002.4-,1427.5-, 1453.7-, 1598.2-, 1814.1- and 1881.5 keV γ-ray transitions allowed to confirm the spinand parity of most of the levels above the 6- isomer in 86Rb

Differences in the mechanism of inoculation between a semi-persistent and a non-persistent aphid-transmitted plant virus

Inoculation of the semi-persistent cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV, genus Caulimovirus) is associated with successive brief (5-10 s) intracellular stylet punctures (pd) when aphids probe in epidermal and mesophyll cells. In contrast to non-persistent viruses, there is no evidence for which of the pd subphases (II-1, II-2 and II-3) is involved in the inoculation of CaMV. Experiments were conducted using the electrical penetration graph (EPG) technique to investigate which particular subphases of the pd are associated with the inoculation of CaMV to turnip by its aphid vector Brevicoryne brassicae. In addition, the same aphid species/test plant combination was used to compare the role of the pd subphases in the inoculation of the non-persistent turnip mosaic virus (TuMV, genus Potyvirus). Inoculation of TuMV was found to be related to subphase II-1, confirming earlier results, but CaMV inoculation appeared to be related exclusively to subphase II-2 instead. The mechanism of CaMV inoculation and the possible nature of subphase II-2 are discussed in the scope of our findings

Exploring the Influence of Yogic Asana Practice on Body Fat Percentage - A Systematic Review

Yoga is a spiritual, mental, and physical discipline-based activity practiced thousands of years ago and originated in India. Yoga is a science-rich unique holistic approach focusing on mind and body harmony. Exercise neuroscientists and physiologists long acknowledged the health benefits of physical postures, meditation and breathing exercises. However, recent research has demonstrated that breathing and meditation practices also provide active attentional benefits. Scientific evidence-based research on yoga creates interest among the research fraternity. This article highlights the current understanding of yoga asanas and their documented positive impacts on body fat percentage. The author reviewed more than 13 studies and articles about the effects of yogic asanas practice on body fat percentage. All the studies reveal the positive impact of yogic asanas (physical posture) on the different elements of body composition. The studies offer promising evidence that yogic asanas practice may hold promise to mitigate body fat percentage along with other body composition elements

A field-grown transgenic tomato line expressing higher levels of polyamines reveals legume cover crop mulch-specific perturbations in fruit phenotype at the levels of metabolite profiles, gene expression, and agronomic characteristics

Genetic modification of crop plants to introduce desirable traits such as nutritional enhancement, disease and pest resistance, and enhanced crop productivity is increasingly seen as a promising technology for sustainable agriculture and boosting food production in the world. Independently, cultural practices that utilize alternative agriculture strategies including organic cultivation subscribe to sustainable agriculture by limiting chemical usage and reduced tillage. How the two together affect fruit metabolism or plant growth in the field or whether they are compatible has not yet been tested. Fruit-specific yeast S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase (ySAMdc) line 579HO, and a control line 556AZ were grown in leguminous hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) (HV) mulch and conventional black polyethylene (BP) mulch, and their fruit analysed. Significant genotype×mulch-dependent interactions on fruit phenotype were exemplified by differential profiles of 20 fruit metabolites such as amino acids, sugars, and organic acids. Expression patterns of the ySAMdc transgene, and tomato SAMdc, E8, PEPC, and ICDHc genes were compared between the two lines as a function of growth on either BP or HV mulch. HV mulch significantly stimulated the accumulation of asparagine, glutamate, glutamine, choline, and citrate concomitant with a decrease in glucose in the 556AZ fruits during ripening as compared to BP. It enables a metabolic system in tomato somewhat akin to the one in higher polyamine-accumulating transgenic fruit that have higher phytonutrient content. Finally, synergism was found between HV mulch and transgenic tomato in up-regulating N:C indicator genes PEPC and ICDHc in the fruit