203 research outputs found
A Stochastic Approach for Investigation Ultrafast Phenomena in Semiconductors
2002 Mathematics Subject Classification: 65C05In this paper a stochastic approach is proposed for investigation the ultrafast
evolution of electrons interacting with phonons in the presence of an applied
electric field.
The quantum-kinetic equation describing the above ultrafast phenomena
contains polynomial non-linearity which allows to use the link between non-stationary iterative processes and the branching stochastic processes.
The considered stochastic approach relies on the numerical Monte Carlo
(MC) theory as applied to the integral form of the quantum-kinetic equation
and estimates the electron energy distribution using statistical averages over
long evolution times.
The numerical tests were performed for GaAs material parameters. The
numerical results for the electron energy distribution function in the case
of a non-linear electron quantum transport is compared with the obtained
results in the linear case.Supported by Center of Excellence BIS-21 grant ICA1-2000-70016 and by the NSF of Bulgaria under Grants # I 811/98 and # MM 902/99
Studien zur Lokalisation: Teil: 2.: Verbgebundene Lokalisation vs. Lokalisation von Propositionen
Der vorliegende Aufsatz gliedert sich in zwei Unterabschnitte. In Abschnitt I geht es um verbgebundene, von der Valenz geforderte Lokalisation. Die einzelsprachlichen Beispiele zeigen, daß es sich konstant um Verben der Position oder Positionsveränderung (Bewegungs - und Transferverben) handelt, die lokale Relationen wie LOK (Ortsruhe), SOURCE oder GOAL fordern. Unter Bezugnahme auf die Erkenntnisse zur Dimension der PARTIZIPATION (H. Seiler/W. Premper 1991) können die Varianten, wie sie in der einzelsprachlichen Kodierung zu beobachten sind, zwischen den Polen zentralisiert und dezentralisiert (peripher) angeordnet werden . Dies bedeutet, daß lokale Relationen (als verbgebundene Entitäten) einerseits am Partizipatum selbst und andererseits im Bereich der Partizipanten in Gestalt verschiedener grammatischer Relationen in Erscheinung treten können. Im ersteren Fall kann die Inkorporation einer lokalen Ergänzung ins Partizipatum als optimal zentralisiert betrachtet werden, während eine Kodierung als Präpositionalphrase das andere Extrem darstellt. Dazwischen liegt eine Kodierung als "Subjekt"- bzw. "Objekt"-Relation, für die sich, wie auch für die anderen Fälle, eine Reihe von Beispielen finden lassen. Somit schwankt die Skala der Kodierungsmöglichkeiten für verbgebundene lokale Relationen zwischen Inkorporation und Präpositional-/Postpositionalphrasen, was letztlich eine Differenzierung in markierte und unmarkierte, im letzteren Falle gar prototypische Instanzen bedeutet. Im II . Abschnitt geht es darum, so weit dies möglich erscheint, Varianten zu beschreiben, die funktional die Aufgabe einer Situierung einer Gesamtproposition bewerkstelligen
Comparative Study of Various Self-Consistent Event Biasing Schemes for Monte Carlo Simulations of Nanoscale MOSFETs
Impact of self-heating on the statistical variability in bulk and SOI FinFETs
In this paper for the first time we study the impact
of self-heating on the statistical variability of bulk and SOI
FinFETs designed to meet the requirements of the 14/16nm
technology node. The simulations are performed using the GSS
‘atomistic’ simulator GARAND using an enhanced
electro-thermal model that takes into account the impact of the
fin geometry on the thermal conductivity. In the simulations we
have compared the statistical variability obtained from full-scale
electro-thermal simulations with the variability at uniform room
temperature and at the maximum or average temperatures
obtained in the electro-thermal simulations. The combined effects
of line edge roughness and metal gate granularity are taken into
account. The distributions and the correlations between key
figures of merit including the threshold voltage, on-current,
subthreshold slope and leakage current are presented and
analysed
Non-Uniform Magnetic Fields for Single-Electron Control
Controlling single-electron states becomes increasingly important due to the
wide-ranging advances in electron quantum optics. Single-electron control
enables coherent manipulation of individual electrons and the ability to
exploit the wave nature of electrons, which offers various opportunities for
quantum information processing, sensing, and metrology. A unique opportunity
offering new degrees of freedom for single-electron control is provided when
considering non-uniform magnetic fields. Considering the modeling perspective,
conventional electron quantum transport theories are commonly based on
gauge-dependent electromagnetic potentials. A direct formulation in terms of
intuitive electromagnetic fields is thus not possible. In an effort to rectify
this, a gauge-invariant formulation of the Wigner equation for general
electromagnetic fields has been proposed in [Nedjalkov et al., Phys. Rev. B.,
2019, 99, 014423]. However, the complexity of this equation requires to derive
a more convenient formulation for linear electromagnetic fields [Nedjalkov et
al., Phys. Rev. A., 2022, 106, 052213]. This formulation directly includes the
classical formulation of the Lorentz force and higher-order terms depending on
the magnetic field gradient, that are negligible for small variations of the
magnetic field. In this work, we generalize this equation in order to include a
general, non-uniform electric field and a linear, non-uniform magnetic field.
The thus obtained formulation has been applied to investigate the capabilities
of a linear, non-uniform magnetic field to control single-electron states in
terms of trajectory, interference patterns, and dispersion. This has led to
explore a new type of transport inside electronic waveguides based on snake
trajectories and also to explore the possibility to split wavepackets to
realize edge states
One-Dimensional Multi-Subband Monte Carlo Simulation of Charge Transport in Si Nanowire Transistors
In this paper, we employ a newly-developed one-dimensional multi-subband Monte Carlo (1DMSMC) simulation module to study electron transport in nanowire structures. The 1DMSMC simulation module is integrated into the GSS TCAD simulator GARAND coupling a MC electron trajectory simulation with a 3D Poisson-2D Schrödinger solver, and accounting for the modified acoustic phonon, optical phonon, and surface roughness scattering mechanisms. We apply the simulator to investigate the effect of the overlap factor, scattering mechanisms, material and geometrical properties on the mobility in silicon nanowire field-effect transistors (NWTs). This paper emphasizes the importance of using 1D models that include correctly quantum confinement and allow for a reliable prediction of the performance of NWTs at the scaling limits. Our simulator is a valuable tool for providing optimal designs for ultra-scaled NWTs, in terms of performance and reliability
Number-Phase Wigner Representation for Efficient Stochastic Simulations
Phase-space representations based on coherent states (P, Q, Wigner) have been
successful in the creation of stochastic differential equations (SDEs) for the
efficient stochastic simulation of high dimensional quantum systems. However
many problems using these techniques remain intractable over long integrations
times. We present a number-phase Wigner representation that can be unraveled
into SDEs. We demonstrate convergence to the correct solution for an anharmonic
oscillator with small dampening for significantly longer than other phase space
representations. This process requires an effective sampling of a non-classical
probability distribution. We describe and demonstrate a method of achieving
this sampling using stochastic weights.Comment: 7 pages, 1 figur
Wigner transport in linear electromagnetic fields
Applying a Weyl-Stratonovich transform to the evolution equation of the
Wigner function in an electromagnetic field yields a multidimensional
gauge-invariant equation which is numerically very challenging to solve. In
this work, we apply simplifying assumptions for linear electromagnetic fields
and the evolution of an electron in a plane (two-dimensional transport), which
reduces the complexity and enables to gain first experiences with a
gauge-invariant Wigner equation. We present an equation analysis and show that
a finite difference approach for solving the high-order derivatives allows for
reformulation into a Fredholm integral equation. The resolvent expansion of the
latter contains consecutive integrals, which is favorable for Monte Carlo
solution approaches. To that end, we present two stochastic (Monte Carlo)
algorithms that evaluate averages of generic physical quantities or directly
the Wigner function. The algorithms give rise to a quantum particle model,
which interprets quantum transport in heuristic terms
Manufacturing and characterization of femtosecond laser-inscribed Bragg grating in polymer waveguide operation in an IR-A wavelength range
Optical sensors, such as fiber Bragg gratings, offer advantages compared to other sensors in many technological fields due to their outstanding characteristics. This sensor technology is currently transferred to polymer waveguides that provide the potential for cost-effective, easy, and flexible manufacturing of planar structures. While sensor production itself, in the majority of cases, is
performed by means of phase mask technique, which is limited in terms of its degrees of freedom, other inscription techniques enable the manufacture of more adaptable sensor elements for a wider range of applications. In this article, we demonstrate the point-by-point femtosecond laser direct inscription method for the processing of polymer Bragg gratings into waveguides of the epoxy-based negative photoresist material EpoCore for a wavelength range around 850 nm. By characterizing the obtained grating back-reflection of the produced sensing element, we determined the sensitivity for the state variables temperature, humidity, and strain to be 45 pm/K, 19 pm/%, and 0.26 pm/με, respectively. Individual and more complex grating structures can be developed from this information, thus opening new fields of utilization
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