Diagnosis of Parasitic Diseases: Old and New Approaches

Methods for the diagnosis of infectious diseases have stagnated in the last 20–30 years. Few major advances in clinical diagnostic testing have been made since the introduction of PCR, although new technologies are being investigated. Many tests that form the backbone of the “modern” microbiology laboratory are based on very old and labour-intensive technologies such as microscopy for malaria. Pressing needs include more rapid tests without sacrificing sensitivity, value-added tests, and point-of-care tests for both high- and low-resource settings. In recent years, research has been focused on alternative methods to improve the diagnosis of parasitic diseases. These include immunoassays, molecular-based approaches, and proteomics using mass spectrometry platforms technology. This review summarizes the progress in new approaches in parasite diagnosis and discusses some of the merits and disadvantages of these tests

Les prises en charge des pathologies vénériennes par le pouvoir colonial au Sénégal, 1850-1960. Eclairages et enseignements pour le sida.

International audienceLes prises en charge des pathologies vénériennes par le pouvoir colonial au Sénégal, 1850-1960. Eclairages et enseignements pour le sida. Abstract Cette étude analyse l'ancienneté de la prise en charge des MST au Sénégal, la distribution géographique des pathologies vénériennes et les mécanismes de leur prise en charge (infrastructures, institutions, innovations thérapeutiques, lutte contre la prostitution, reconfiguration des professions). Au total, le présent travail permet de mieux analyser la représentation du péril vénérien, d'appréhender les mutations intervenues dans la prise en charge des MST, d'évaluer les politiques de prise en charge des MST dans le Sénégal colonial et, ce faisant, mettre en parallèle le sida et les maladies du passé, notamment la syphili

Descriptive Grammar: The Study of Nouns in Wolof and English

The experience of a second language teacher in English allows for building academic relationships between foreign and local language learning. In fact, this topic is a descriptive study of nouns in Wolof and English. It outlines the characteristics of variable and invariable nouns and paints out their descriptive aspects. Indeed, the grammatical rules of nouns mainly consider the determiners which vary. In Wolof for example, the determiners are set from marks of classes as basic roots. The number is marked from these class roots to rule. As for English, is marked within the analysis that nouns behave thanks to grammatical occurrences of the determiners. We have made the distinction of the number between the variable and invariable nouns according to the determiner and the nouns’ morphology. This topic aims at providing wider strategies in language teaching and learning to achieve academic goals

Traditional Marriage in Africa: A Pragmatic Analysis of the Wedding Songs in Saalum Communities

This study raises women’s issues that are part of women’s lives. It draws particularly the wedding songs pragmatics in societies in which communication is an oral cultural basis. From these views, the topic elaborates cultural perception of a certain community, regarding wedding songs to illustrate a handful of characteristics of civilized rules held by the tradition. This topic treats from the view of pragmatic meaning the problem of wedding songs in which, an extracted version is taken from informants to analyze the impact of these oral communication characteristics. Pragmatically, the analysis has thus outlined many communicative aspects to convey knowledge, to inherit social and cultural practices, and to educate the young generation, while serving adults as guides. This topic contributes to cultural diversity and traditional apprehension around different concepts in African societies generally, and the Saalum community particularly

Comparative Grammar of Wolof and English. The Present Tense Use

This topic sets a comparative issue in which, the present tense of Wolof and English is treated. The syntactic rules that govern a language are influential in the structures. Within sentences particularly, verbs hold main roles in the tense rules system. This lead to comparing verbal constructs, while considering the present tense systems. With a method of data collection, a corpus is set in both languages for verbs’ characteristics. Indeed, have shown that the verbs’ occurrences as constituents in sentences vary thanks to the aspects and modalities. Then, these verbal constructs are compared for grammatical results, leading to widening teaching and learning strategies in the first and second languages

Near-Field Heat Transfer Enabled Nanothermomechanical Memory and Logic Devices

A thermomechanical memory/logic device is disclosed. In embodiments, the thermomechanical device includes a first thermally controlled terminal (e.g., hot terminal); a second thermally controlled terminal (e.g., cool terminal/base); a stem or other structure that can be thermally expanded connected to the cool terminal; and a thermal conductive head coupled to the stem. The head can exchange heat with the hot terminal. The stem and head are between the first thermally controlled terminal and the second thermally controlled terminal, wherein the stem expands or contracts in response to heat absorbed or given off by the thermal conductive head, causing the head to move towards the first thermally controlled terminal or towards the second thermally controlled terminal until a stable state is reached. For example, bistable thermal states can be used to implement logic states (e.g., ZERO or ONE states)