Health promotional levy: a commercial perspective

The gazetting of the Health Promotion Levy (HPL) and its subsequent implementation had diverse effects and reactions from different stakeholders in South Africa. This study sought to understand the implications of the HPL for the industry by exploring the perceptions of SSB consumers. As such, the purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of the HPL on changing consumer preferences. The study also sought to explore the impact of the HPL on the way that companies have aligned their marketing strategies in line with the HPL to accommodate the response of the market in terms of taste and price sensitivity. An overview of the previous published work globally is analysed critically with the different sugar taxes imposed in other countries with regard to their impact on the various economies . Global discussions on the topic of the sugar tax are shared and conceptualising the sugar tax and sugar as a product. A quantitative research paradigm, also known as a positivistic research paradigm, was considered appropriate for the study that aimed to effectively test and evaluate the conceptual hypotheses and constructs that relate to the HPL. The objective was achieved by conducting an online cross-sectional survey. The survey instrument was a questionnaire that was randomly distributed to 385 SSB consumers in all nine provinces of South Africa using convenience random sampling. The data collected were analysed using the software IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The data reduction technique Exploratory Factor analysis (EFA) was then used to find the factor loadings that best produced correlations between the observed variables. The variables comprised of 5 – point Likert scale that ranged from strongly disagree (1), disagree (2), neutral (3), agree (4) to strongly agree (5). A scree plot was used for factor extraction and confirmed with parallel analysis, and four factors emerged. The factors were extracted using the oblique rotation principal – Promax with 100 iterations for convergence. Consumer perceptions in South Africa are critical to improving the implementation of the HPL and creating a healthier society. Government and management need to lead by example in promoting a healthy lifestyle through marketing activities (product promotions) and in the pricing of products, as obesity is a reality for everyone in the country and needs to be managed.Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 202

Health promotional levy: a commercial perspective

The gazetting of the Health Promotion Levy (HPL) and its subsequent implementation had diverse effects and reactions from different stakeholders in South Africa. This study sought to understand the implications of the HPL for the industry by exploring the perceptions of SSB consumers. As such, the purpose of the study was to investigate the impact of the HPL on changing consumer preferences. The study also sought to explore the impact of the HPL on the way that companies have aligned their marketing strategies in line with the HPL to accommodate the response of the market in terms of taste and price sensitivity. An overview of the previous published work globally is analysed critically with the different sugar taxes imposed in other countries with regard to their impact on the various economies . Global discussions on the topic of the sugar tax are shared and conceptualising the sugar tax and sugar as a product. A quantitative research paradigm, also known as a positivistic research paradigm, was considered appropriate for the study that aimed to effectively test and evaluate the conceptual hypotheses and constructs that relate to the HPL. The objective was achieved by conducting an online cross-sectional survey. The survey instrument was a questionnaire that was randomly distributed to 385 SSB consumers in all nine provinces of South Africa using convenience random sampling. The data collected were analysed using the software IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The data reduction technique Exploratory Factor analysis (EFA) was then used to find the factor loadings that best produced correlations between the observed variables. The variables comprised of 5 – point Likert scale that ranged from strongly disagree (1), disagree (2), neutral (3), agree (4) to strongly agree (5). A scree plot was used for factor extraction and confirmed with parallel analysis, and four factors emerged. The factors were extracted using the oblique rotation principal – Promax with 100 iterations for convergence. Consumer perceptions in South Africa are critical to improving the implementation of the HPL and creating a healthier society. Government and management need to lead by example in promoting a healthy lifestyle through marketing activities (product promotions) and in the pricing of products, as obesity is a reality for everyone in the country and needs to be managed.Thesis (MBA) -- Faculty of Business and Economic Sciences, 202

Land and changing social relations in South Africa's former reserves : the case of Luphaphasi in Sakhisizwe Local Municipality, Eastern Cape.

Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references

Octupole correlations in the structure of O2 bands in the N=88 nuclei150Sm Gd

Knowledge of the exact microscopic structure of the 01 + ground state and first excited 02 + state in 150Sm is required to understand the branching of double β decay to these states from 150Nd. The detailed spectroscopy of 150Sm and 152Gd has been studied using (α,xn) reactions and the γ -ray arrays AFRODITE and JUROGAM II. Consistently strong E1 transitions are observed between the excited Kπ = 02 + bands and the lowest negative parity bands in both nuclei. These results are discussed in terms of the possible permanent octupole deformation in the first excited Kπ = 02 + band and also in terms of the “tidal wave” model of Frauendorf.Web of Scienc

Land demand and rural struggles in Xhalanga, Eastern Cape: who wants land and for what?

Magister Philosophiae (Land and Agrarian Studies) - MPhil(LAS)The study explored and investigated demand and struggles for land in the communal areas of South Africa with particular reference to Luphaphasi in the former Xhalanga magisterial district, in the Eastern Cape. The study argued that despite arguments about proletarianisation and conversion of rural land users into wage laborers, leading to assumptions that there was less interest in land use by rural people, there is and has always been demand and struggles for land in communal areas such as Xhalanga.South Afric

Green synthesis of cadmium telluride type II multi shell quantum dots for biolabelling

Thesis (MTech (Chemistry))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.The synthesis of water soluble CdTe, CdTe/CdSe and CdTe/CdSe/ZnSe nanoparticles (NPs) and their optical, cytotoxicity as well as imaging properties are presented. The synthesis was carried out under ambient conditions in the absence of an inert environment and involved the use of potassium tellurite (K2TeO3) and sodium selenosulphate (Na2SeSO4) as a stable tellurium and selenium precursor respectively, while mercaptopropanoic acid (MPA) was used as capping agents. In this method, the CdTe NPs were prepared by the addition of tellurium source solution to MPA-cadmium complex solution at different pH while keeping other parameters constant. The formation of the shell (CdSe) and multi shell (CdSe/ZnSe) were achieved by adding desired precursors to the growing CdTe core NPs at one hour interval. The temporal evolution of the optical properties and stability of the growing nanocrystals was monitored in detail by varying the refluxing time, pH and storing the NPs under ambient condition for several days. The as-prepared NPs were characterised using UV-Vis absorption and photoluminescence (PL) spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM). The formation of the shells was indicated by an immediate change in the colour of the reaction solutions after the addition of the desired precursor and the shift in the absorption wavelength towards red-region. The optical analyses showed an enhancement in the fluorescent intensity after the addition of the shell solution accompanied by red-shifting of the absorption and emission maximum. The stability study revealed an increase in the emission intensity as the ageing days increased. The stability study of the NPs in air at room temperature show highly improved stability of the core-shell NPs than the core. The TEM analysis showed that the materials are small, monodispersed, spherical and highly crystalline. The cytotoxicity of the NPs was investigated on LM 8 and KM-Luc/ GFP cell line using an MTT protocol at different concentrations. The cell viability show significant improvement after the shell formation with CdTe/CdSe/ZnSe core multi shell NPs having the highest cell viability at higher concentration (60 μg/mL). Furthermore a decrease in cytotoxicity is revealed with increase in reaction time, thus NPs prepared at longer (7 h) reaction time showed lower cytotoxicity compared with those prepared at shorter (0.5 h) reaction time. The confocal laser microscope image of the cells after the addition of the as-synthesised NPs confirmed the transfection of the NPs by KM-Luc/GFP cell line, indicating that the NPs have been endocytosis. This study demonstrates the great potential of the as-synthesised core-multi shell nanoparticles for biological and any applications that require efficiency, high fluorescence intensity and stability

Nkosi sindisa abantu bakho

Indigenous music, Choral music

General Authorisations as a Tool to Promote Water Allocation Reform in South Africa

South Africa faces significant inequities in access to and use of water for productive purposes. The National Water Act seeks to address these inequities and introduced a public rights system where water is owned by the people of South Africa and held in custody by the state. This public trust doctrine forms the basis for the State to give effect to its constitutional obligation for redress. Compulsory licensing is a mechanism to proactively reallocate water on a catchment basis to achieve redress, while at the same time promoting economic efficiency and ecological sustainability. During compulsory licensing, all users are required to reapply for their water use entitlement, and a process is followed to allow for a fairer allocation of water between competing users and sectors. Some concerns have been raised that equity may not be achieved through compulsory licensing as historically disadvantaged individuals may not have the capacity to partake in the process. Similarly, the administrative burden of processing large numbers of licences from small scale users may cripple licensing authorities. Moreover, the compulsory licensing process, while encouraging Historically Disadvantaged Individuals (HDIs) to apply, may have little impact on poverty if the poorest are not able to participate in the process. General authorisations are proposed as a way of addressing these concerns by setting water aside for specific categories of users. This paper introduces the concept of general authorisations in support of compulsory licensing and outlines some of the implementation challenges

A facile green synthesis of type II water soluble CdTe/CdS core shell nanoparticles

We herein report a simple, economical and green synthesis of highly water soluble and stable CdTe/CdS core shell nanoparticles (NPs). The synthesis was carried out in the absence of an inert environment and involved the use of cadmium acetate, potassium tellurite and glutathione as the cadmium precursor, stable tellurium source and capping agent respectively. The temporal evolution of the optical properties and stability of the growing nanocrystals was monitored in detail by varying the refluxing time, pH and storing the NPs under ambient condition for 30 days.This work was supported by National Research Foundation (NRF), South Africa under the Nanoflagship programme (Grant no: 90045)