Mapping the Ozone Tolerance Trait in Arabidopsis thaliana

Ozone is a secondary pollutant in the troposphere where plants, animals and human beings reside. Ozone has harmful effects on plant growth and metabolism. In sensitive plant species it causes visible injury such as necrosis and chlorosis of leaves leading to reduction in photosynthesis and that ultimately manifests as yield losses. The major goal of this study is to identify Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) responsible for ozone resistance in Arabidopsis thaliana. For this study, we used a Recombinant Inbred Line (RIL) population of 150 lines derived from a cross between ecotypes Landsberg erecta (ozone resistant parent) and Wassilewskija (ozone sensitive parent). This project involves physiology, genetics, molecular biology and statistical genomics. The physiological analysis involved scoring the RIL population for the ozone response phenotype. A genetic linkage map for the Ler x Ws cross was constructed using nine polymorphic morphological traits and Simple Sequence Length Polymorphic (SSLPs) markers. R/QTL statistical software was used for identifying ozone resistance QTLs.Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biolog

A study of maternal outcome in first trimester bleeding

Background: The outcome of first trimester vaginal bleeding is a matter of debate. Vaginal bleeding is common and potentially alarming symptom in early pregnancy. First trimester bleeding is a common occurrence. It has been estimated to occur in 15-25% of all pregnant women. Objective of this study was to evaluate the various maternal outcomes in women with first trimester bleeding.Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the postgraduate department of obstetrics and gynecology, SMGS Hospital, Government Medical College, Jammu, Jammu and Kashmir, India. The study included 200 pregnant women presented with first trimester bleeding. All the women were followed prospectively till delivery and early postpartum period for various outcomes such as preterm delivery, PROM, PPROM, anemia, oligohydramnios, placental abruption, placenta previa and postpartum hemorrhage.Results: Out of 200 patients studied, 19% patients aborted. Ectopic and molar pregnancy was seen in 5% and 1.5% patients respectively. Out of 74.5% patients who continued pregnancy, maternal complications included anemia (52%), PROM (14.09%), oligohydramnios (6.71%), placenta previa (5.37%), PPH (4.03%), PPROM (2.68%), preeclampsia (2.01%), gestational hypertension (1.34%), abruption and post-datism (0.67% each).Conclusions: From the results of this study, it can be concluded that first trimester bleeding can be a predicting factor in terms of mother and infant consequences of pregnancy and it is necessary to increase the knowledge of pregnant women in this regard for closer care

Value chain analysis of carp fish seed farms in some selected areas of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh

This study is an attempt to analyze the prevailing value chain of fish seed farms in some selected areas of Mymensingh district in Bangladesh. Data were collected from 280 fish seed farms owners (56) and traders (224) covering four Upazilas of Mymensingh district namely Mymensingh Sadar, Gauripur, Muktagacha, and Trishal from the period of July 2019 to October 2019 through purposive random sampling technique. Three important fish seed species of carp; namely Rui, Catla, Mrigel were selected to address the following objectives: typical value chain map and marketing system of fish seed farms, determination of the net value addition of fish seed production and marketing, and problems impacting different actors in the value chain. Total net marketing margin per 10 Kg. spawn and per 100000 pieces’ fingerlings are Tk. 20204 (190.43 USD) and Tk. 43148 (406.69 USD), respectively. Among all three intermediaries, the net marketing margin of the retailer is the highest. A large percentage of value addition is covered by paiker for both cases and that is 20.85% and 31.2%. The study finds that fish seed farms with hatcheries are more profitable than fish seed farms with nursery. The yearly net return from spawn production in the hatchery is Tk. 4324775 (40763.15 USD) and from fingerling production in the nursery is Tk. 2388126 (22509.27 USD). The owners and traders have currently been facing some difficulties. Lack of information about good quality seed, the higher price of inputs, and lack of extension service is some of the examples. If these problems could be solved, fish seed farms and market intermediaries could earn a higher profit than the existing level

Burden of Hepatitis B Virus at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Doda, Jammu and Kashmir, India: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) causes most frequent chronic liver disease of infectious origin in human beings worldwide, with more than 600,000 deaths caused by end-stage liver disease complications per year. The most used test for identifying acute HBV infections and carriers is the detection of HBsAg. Immunochromatography assays have been suggested for routine use in clinical microbiology laboratories for the detection of HBsAg since they are easy to use, affordable, don’t need specialised equipment, and are straightforward to run. Compared to commercially available HEPA card kit for the detection of the same markers, Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) was shown to be more sensitive for the detection of HBsAg. This study is first of its kind in District Doda, Jammu and Kashmir, India. Aim: To know the burden of HBV in a Tertiary Care Hospital, Government Medical College, Doda using HEPA card kit and ELISA method. Materials and Methods: The present hospital-based crosssectional study was carried out in the Department of Microbiology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Doda Jammu and Kashmir, India during the period from January 2020 to December 2020. The study comprised blood samples from all age groups referred by clinical departments for testing HBsAg. Tests were performed using an immunochromatographic technique (HEPA card Diagnostic enterprises) for the qualitative detection of HBsAg, and results were interpreted in accordance with the manufacturer’s guidelines. The collected data was analysed in Microsoft excel sheet using Chi-square test to know the burden of HBV infection. Results: Among total number of 5,448 samples tested, 50 (0.92%) were positive for HBsAg which comes under low epidemicity (<2%) as per World Health Organisation (WHO) guidelines. The number of positive females and males were 30 (0.84%) and 20 (1.07%), respectively. Females were predominate over males and majority of the positive patients (N=29) were younger than 40 years though prevalance (2.1%) was higher in age group above 40 years. All samples which shows positive by rapid test were also shown positive by ELISA test. Conclusion: Overall prevalence of HBV was 0.92% which comes under low epidemicity (<2%) as per WHO guidelines. It can be an alternate option for community based studies and also helps to improve the public health and to prevent the spreading of disease in the local population

Molecular Typing of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus using coa Gene Polymerase Chain Reaction-Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism: A Cross-sectional Study

Introduction: The need for fast, precise diagnostic tests to identify active tuberculosis is essential, mainly in endemic nations such as India. An automated real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) method for pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) detection known as the Cartridge Based Nucleic Acid Amplification Test (CBNAAT) or GeneXpert assay shows great promise as a complement to the TrueNat and conventional sputum microscopy techniques. Aim: To compare sensitivity, specificity, Positive Predictive Value (PPV), and Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of CBNAAT with TrueNat and smear microscopy in the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional comparative study on 175 patients with suspected pulmonary TB was conducted from June 2021 to November 2021 in a tertiary care hospital at Government Medical College, Doda District of Jammu and Kashmir, India. The sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and diagnostic accuracy for the diagnosis of tuberculosis were calculated for Acid Fast Bacilli (AFB) smear microscopy, TrueNat, and the GeneXpert and compared with each other. Statistical analysis of the data was conducted with Statistical Package for the Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0. Results: Out of the total 175, 168 (96%) patients were TB positive by CBNAAT, 162 (92.6%) by TrueNat, and 148 (84.6%) as per smear microscopy. Sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) stain in the detection of pulmonary TB in sputum samples were 86.31%, 57.14%, 97.97%, 14.81%, and 85.14%, respectively. Whereas in the case of the TrueNat technique sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy were 94.05%, 42.86%, 97.53%, 23.08%, and 92.00%, respectively. In the case of CBNAAT sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy in the detection of pulmonary TB in sputum samples were 97.02%, 28.57%, 97.02%, 28.57%, and 94.29%, respectively. Conclusion: In respiratory samples, CBNAAT is more sensitive than ZN smear microscopy and TrueNat. Positive CBNAAT, but TrueNat and AFB microscopy negative results should be read cautiously and be well correlated with the clinical and treatment history of the patien

Review on QoS and security challenges associated with the internet of vehicles in cloud computing

Internet of Vehicles (IoV) is an area of research and development that has rapidly developed in the VANETs (Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks) that provides a mode of smart communication between vehicle to vehicle and cloud using IoT (Internet of Things). Two-way communication between Internet-enabled automobiles and network equipment is fully supported by IoV providing faster and more reliable solutions. Moving computation to the network's periphery can speed up service delivery and drop the latency. Computing designs that are centralized (cloud computing) and decentralized (Edge computing) face the challenges of high latency, infrastructure cost, and performance deterioration. While using Cloud Computing (CC) the impact is on other areas including the transportation sector resulting in the development of the Internet of Vehicles with Cloud Computing (IoV-CC). VANET is considered to be the fastest wireless communication, In terms of quick handoffs, network availability, security, safety with the deployment of advanced applications, etc., VANET will have more advanced features and will undergo a radical change as it progresses in its development path. VANET and Cloud Computing will play a major role in providing highly efficient technology for autonomous driving, vehicle control, and intelligent systems in near future. CC is a centralized computing paradigm but is not able to address many QoS (Quality of Service) parameters like latency, throughput, and bandwidth optimization. To resolve the limitations of CC, Fog Computing (FC) is introduced in VANETs. The IoV-CC must address concerns regarding security and privacy. As a result, the security protocols used in traditional VANET and CC have had to be updated for IoV-CC and a new secure algorithm needs to be developed to have secure communication between FOG and cloud nodes. To innovate QoS in VANET for IoV-CC there is a significant absence of data dissemination and security difficulties. The purpose of this research is to explore IoV's data distribution and security acceptability with respect to centralized and decentralized computing. Further, it addresses the associated efforts and their consequences, as well as future possibilities for dealing with these difficulties, in the subsequent section

انسانوں میں مصنوعی طریقہ ہائے تولید اور ان کی فقہی حیثیت: Assisted Reproductive Technology (ART) in Human and its Juristic Status

In last two centuries the rapid evolution of medical science has raised many new questions that were never before the Muslim Jurists Medical Science has encompassed all human life in entirely different way than past especially modern and artificial methods of reproduction like Assisted Reproduction (ART) include: (IVF) Intratubal Transfer of Gametes (GIFT) Intratubal Transfer of Zygote (ZIFT) Tubal Transfer of pre implantation embryos (TET) gamete or embryo demotion, cryo preservation and micro manipulation. The religious scholars have extended their best efforts to drive the verdict of Qur’ān and Sunnah about these artificial methods of reproduction according to paradigm of derivation of prevalent schools of thoughts. Some scholars prove that these methods of reproduction are not against Islam but are used as treatment, but some scholars prove these artificial methods against Qur’ān and Sunnah. This article deals with the scholarly strangles of the jurists of Muslim ummah regarding these artificial methods of reproduction

GROWTH SCENARIOS OF AREA, PRODUCTION AND YIELD OF RICE IN BANGLADESH

Bangladesh is an agro-based developing country where rice is the dominant crop. And it is the staple food for this country. Over the long period, rice production in Bangladesh has been gradually increased, now the country has reached in self-sufficiency in rice production. The study attempted to estimate growth of area, production, and yield of rice in Bangladesh. The semi log model (Log-Lin) was used to estimate the compound growth rates of rice of different seasons. The study was based on secondary data covered from the period 1971/72 to 2015/16.Growth rates were estimated separately for local and high yielding variety, and also, they were estimated together. The growth rate of an area of Aus was found -3.40 percent for the entire period that means an area of Aus cultivation has been decreased on an average 3.40 percent per year and it was statistically significant. And for Aman it was 0.10 percent, but statistically insignificant. On the other hand, it was 4.40 for Boro that means an area of Boro cultivation has been increased 4.40 percent per year which was statistically significant. The growth rate of production of Aus was also significantly negative and it was 1.30 per cent and positive for Aman and Boro rice that were 1.90 and 5.70 percent per year, respectively. The growth rates of area and production of HYV rice (Aus, Aman and Boro) were found positive for every case and negative for local. Growth rates of yield of Aus, Aman and Boro were significantly positive, which were 2.10, 1.80 and 1.30 percent per year, respectively for the entire period. Growth rates were estimated for the different sub-periods dividing the entire period of decades. Examining the reasons for different growth scenarios could be the future research in this connection