Red Flags Associated With Knowledge Of Speech And Language Disorders Among Special Educators

Abstract Objective: To explore the knowledge about speech and language disorders among special educators of Army schools in Pakistan in association with qualification and experience. Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study using convenience sampling was conducted at Isra Institute of Rehabilitation Sciences, Isra University from May to October 2017 and comprised of two phases. Phase 1 included the construction & pilot testing of a questionnaire utilizing a sample of N=20 educators and Phase 2 included the main study with N=100 educators of both genders from schools of Army Special Education Academy, Sir Syed School and College of Special Education and Aghosh Special Education Centre Kharian Cantonment. The sample educators included both genders, dealing with children with intellectual and hearing impairment. SPSS Version 20 was used for data analysis. Results: To assess the knowledge of the educators, a specially structured questionnaire with Cronbach’s alpha reliability coefficient of 0.79 was applied to a sample with a mean age of 32.70±6.92 years with the majority of 85(85%) being female educators. The study revealed good knowledge of educators with a total mean score of 69.70±10.61 and a significant (p=0.000) association of knowledge of educators with the highest scores for those with Masters Qualification (73.15±7.68). However, no significant association between gender (p=0.151) and work experience of educators (p=0.093) was noted, though the scores were higher for educators with 11-15 years of experience. Conclusion: The study concludes good knowledge of special educators about speech and language disorders with some red flags including the significant association of knowledge with qualification with master (special education) qualification presenting with a higher level of knowledge. However, work experience and gender did not reflect any significant association with the knowledge of educators.

Extraction of biological apatite from cow bone at different calcination temperatures: a comparative study

The purpose of this study is to extract natural hydroxyapatite (HAP) from cow bone. The hydrothermal method followed by calcination treatment at different temperatures is used in this current research. Cow bone has the potential for producing hydroxyapatite, a chief component present in bone and teeth of vertebrates. HAP is an excellent material used in bone restoration and tissue regeneration. Characterizations of the cow bone natural HAP powder were done by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). TGA data revealed that biological apatite is thermally stable at 1100ºC. XRD data showed that the extracted HAP is, highly crystalline and hexagonal crystal structure having a crystallite size in the range of 10-83 nm. The extracted HAP material is found to be thermally stable up to 1300ºC

English Language Teaching in Multilingual Classrooms: A Study of L2 Teachers’ Strategies to Manage Many Languages

The teaching plus learning practices have become a challenge for ESL teachers and learners significantly at the undergraduate level in Pakistan.  This difficulty occurs to teachers when they have to deal with ESL learners from such diverse backgrounds. In Pakistan, the English languages is majorly taught as second language at college and university levels in public and private sectors. At general level, English language is in practical pedagogy as a compulsory subject from schools to colleges and universities. The English language today is used as the world’s language some also call it as ‘’Universal language’’ because of its wide usage across the world, that contributes into the usage and learning of the language in all the domains and areas of study (Yunus, 2013).  This research study attempted to investigate the strategies ESL teachers use in multilingual English language classrooms at undergraduate level in universities to deal with learners and cope up with such linguistic diversity in classrooms.  The qualitative research paradigm was employed with structured online interviews of the undergraduate teachers of University of Sindh, Mehran University of Engineering and technology, Jamshoro, and Quaid-e-Awam University of Engineering, science and technology, Nawabshah, Sindh, Pakistan respectively. The study proposed that there are diversified learners in multilingual ESL classrooms at undergraduate level in universities having different backgrounds. The teachers use multiple strategies to cater multilingual learners in ESL classrooms and these situations have both positive and negative effects on learners’ performances. Keywords: English language teaching, English as Second language (ESL), learner’s experiences, learner’s difficulties, language learners, teacher’s strategies, pedagogy. DOI: 10.7176/JLLL/64-02 Publication date: January 31st 202

The Role of Nursing Leader Empowering Behavior on Work Engagement and Intent to Stay in Hospital

Introduction: The expanding interest of medical attendants is putting forth new chances to all attendants in private and government part healing facilities. Medical caretakers are in working distinctive healing centers and are the primary power of those doctor's facilities Leader engaging conduct is a facilitative procedure where representatives see their pioneer to permit self-administration and self-authority of representatives. Pioneer enabling and their level of work commitment and aim to remain in their association of business. practices can be seen by representatives as either empowering or oppressive. The reason for this examination was to look at the connection between the staff medical caretaker's view of their pioneer's utilization of engaging practices. Method: Descriptive correlation study design was used. A convenience sample of nurses (N = 200) employed in various nursing units within three hospitals completed survey related to perceived leader empowering behaviors, and the nurse’s level of work engagement and intent to stay in his/her organization of employment. Result:, No critical contrasts were found between the staff attendant's age gatherings. No noteworthy contrasts were found in LEB when the example was separated into the staff attendant's age gatherings, instruction level a very long time in current office/unit, years in current healing facility, years in nursing, business status, and move worked., Conclusion: The aftereffects of the investigation feature the essentialness of pioneer enabling practices on staff nurture strengthening, work commitment, and plan to remain in their association. Keywords- Nursing Leader,Empowering behavior,intent to stay,Staff Nurses.

Barriers in health seeking behaviour among tribal pregnant women in a hilly tribal area of Kashmir: a qualitative study

Background: Maternal health is of paramount concern all over the world and has been a priority in India as well with the maternal health programs evolving over the time, addressing new arenas and overcoming challenges to reach the Maternal mortality ratio (MMR) target with quality. (1) In tribal areas various barriers in health seeking behavior are impediments towards maternal health.Methods: An explorative qualitative study was undertaken in a tribal area of Srinagar, Kashmir, which is a rural field practice area of the Department of Community Medicine Government Medical College, Srinagar. Focus group discussion (FGD) and in-depth interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the FGD and in-depth interview data.Results: The data analysis generated following five themes: Theme 1: Perceptions and practices among tribal pregnant women in Faqir Gujree area. Theme 2: Socio-cultural influences, attitude and beliefs. Theme 3: Health system related barriers. Theme 4: Community related barriers. Theme 5: Cultural barriers among the pregnant women.Conclusions: There is a need of continuous behaviour change communication (BCC) with pregnant women and community members. In addition to addressing these issues, the health system related issues need to be addressed and improved in order to improve access to health care facilities by these pregnant women. Thus, a comprehensive tribal-sensitive health care system incorporating the above cultural issues is required to improve the health care access among these vulnerable ANC patients

Soft Tissue Changes Associated with First Premolar Extractions in Kashmir Female Population

Purpose: The purpose of study was to examine the effect of upper and lower incisor retraction on reduction of the profile and to record any correlation between dental and soft tissue parameters. Materials and methods: The study was a retrospective cephalometric study. A homogenized sample of 10 adult femaleorthodontic patients was selected from the local population. All patients were treated at a private practice using Pre Adjusted 0.022" slot edgewise appliance. Pretreatment and posttreatment lateral cephalograms were taken in natural head position with lips in relaxed position. Each lateral cephalogram was traced and a reference line was established (a constructed line perpendicular to Sella-Nasion minus 7° through Sella). Linear measurements were made with a from A’ point, upper incisor tip, mandibular incisor tip, most anterior point of upper lip, most anterior point of lower lip and B’ point. The angular measurements were the nasolabial angle, labiomental angle. Upper and lower lip thickness and interlabial gap parallel to the reference line were also measured. Results: All linear and angular measurements showed statistically significant (p < 0.05) changes except for changes in upper lip thickness, lower lip thickness, lower vermillion, B’ pointand lower lip anterior. The Pearson’s correlation test showed a significant positive correlation between upper incisor retraction and upper lip position statistically significant decrease in the interlabial gap by 3.4 ± 2.5 mm (p < 0.001). Conclusion: On the basis of the results obtained from this study, it can be concluded that extraction of the four first premolars followed by the retraction of anteriors can be successful in reducing dental and soft tissue procumbency in adult females with bimaxillary protrusion in the local population&nbsp

Assessing the Impact of Technological Advances on Business Management Techniques

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to examine the influence of technological advancement on business management techniques The Theory of Digital Transformation is considered in order to have an in-depth understanding on technological advancement in business.   Theoretical framework: A primary quantitative research method is used to develop the study.   Design/methodology/approach: The study graphical representation of the collected data in order to analyze respondents’ opinions and interests. The need to undertake technological advances is deemed critical to formulate business management techniques.   Findings: The study offers detailed analysis of advanced technological implications which complements organisational growth, understanding the effectiveness of technology and societal progress altogether.   Research, Practical & Social implications: The value of the study is based on business strategies developed by the management to enhance their firm productivity through the introduction of technological advances.   Originality/value: This research paper presents a unique perspective on the impact of technological advances on business management techniques, combining multiple theories and a mixed-methods approach to provide a comprehensive understanding of this complex relationship. The findings have implications for businesses, policymakers, and academics, offering valuable insights into the challenges and opportunities associated with technology-driven management practices

Expression of androgen receptor and cancer stem cell markers (CD44 +/CD24 - and ALDH1 +): Prognostic implications in invasive breast cancer

Background: Androgen receptor (AR) has emerged as a significant prognostic marker in early breast cancer (BCa). Association of AR with cancer stem cell (CSC) markers in BCa is unknown. Aim of the present study was to evaluate the immunohistochemical expression of AR, CD44, CD24 and ALDH1 in a cohort of Pakistani patients diagnosed with invasive BCa and to correlate the expression with 5- year disease free survival.Patients and methods: We evaluated immunohistochemical expression AR, CD44, CD24 and ALDH1 in formalin fixed paraffin embedded archival blocks of 166 cases of primary invasive BCa (stage I-III) and correlated the expression with clinicopathological variables and outcome using univariable and multivariable analysis. Survival data was computed by Kaplan Meier curves.Results: Expression of AR was observed in 62.7% tumors whereas CD44, CD24 and ALDH1 were expressed in 61.4%, 44% and 30.1% tumors, respectively. AR expression was significantly associated with T1-T2 tumors, lower grade, estrogen and progesterone receptor expression (P \u3c .05) and remained an independent prognostic indicator in multivariable analysis (adjusted HR 0.33, 95% CI 0.13-0.81; P = .016). Significant association was observed between concordant expression of AR and CD24 (P = .001) with a favorable impact on survival (P = .007) whereas expression of CSC phenotypes (CD44+, CD44+/CD24- and ALDH1+) did not correlate with adverse outcome (P \u3e .05). However, AR expression retained the association with better prognosis even in patients whose tumors exhibited a CSC phenotype.Conclusions: Expression of AR and CD24 in stage I-III invasive BCa correlates with favorable clinicopathological features and delineates a subgroup of patients with better disease-free survival

Medical thoracoscopy- an experience

Background: Medical thoracoscopy is a minimally invasive procedure for diagnosing and treating pleural diseases especially undiagnosed exudative pleural effusion. It is cost effective and safe. The diagnostic yield in undiagnosed pleural effusion is excellent.Methods: This prospective observational study was done in Government Chest Disease hospital of Government Medical College, Srinagar during the period between December 2015 to Dec 2016.Thirty undiagnosed pleural effusion patients after thoracocentesis and who fulfilled inclusion and exclusion criteria’s were included in the study. Medical thoracoscopy using rigid thoracoscope was started for the first time in our hospital and was done in these enrolled patients. Clinical, Thoracoscopic findings and histopathological data of the patients were collected prospectively and analysed.Results: Maximum patients were in the age group of 41-50 years. Most common Thoracoscopic finding was multiple nodules (40%) followed by sago grain infiltration (33.4%). Malignancy was the most common HPE finding of pleural biopsy (46.6%) followed by TB (33.3%). All nodules (13) turned out to be malignant while all sago grain appearance pleura (10) turned out of to be TB. The overall diagnostic yield is 80% as a whole and 96% among patients who had thoracoscopic pleural findings.Conclusions: Medical Thoracoscopy is a safe and easy outpatient procedure and an excellent diagnostic tool for undiagnosed exudative pleural effusion. The diagnostic yield is quite high and complications of procedure are negligible

2-(3-Benzoyl-4-hy­droxy-1,1-dioxo-2H-1λ6,2-benzothia­zin-2-yl)-1-phenyl­ethanone

In the title mol­ecule, C23H17NO5S, the heterocyclic thia­zine ring adopts a half-chair conformation, with the S and N atoms displaced by 0.383 (3) and 0.473 (3) Å, respectively, on opposite sides of the mean plane formed by the ring C atoms. The phenyl rings attached to carbonyl groups lie almost parallel to each other at a dihedral angle 7.43 (9)°, the distance between the centroids of the rings being 3.780 (1) Å. The C(thia­zine)—C=O and O=C—CH2 groups make dihedral angles of 37.56 (16) and 1.93 (18)°, respectively, with the phenyl groups to which they are attached. The crystal structure features O—H⋯O and C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds and further consolidated by C—H⋯π inter­actions; an intra­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bond is also present