«Неожиданные» инфекции при асептических ревизиях

Background. Data from the national registers of arthroplasty showed that about 12% of hip and knee arthroplasty undergo revision within 10 years after the primary surgery. The leading cause of hip revisions is aseptic loosening of components, knee joint periprosthetic infection (PPI). Some of the infectious complications, including those related to mechanical causes, remain out of sight. The aim of the study was to identify the frequency of unexpected infections during revision knee and hip arthroplasty performed for aseptic complications of any etiology. Materials and Methods. 839 cases of revision arthroplasty of knee and hip joints were analyzed, including 485 aseptic revisions in 450 patients. Clinical, X-ray, laboratory (complete blood count and comprehensive metabolic panel, coagulation panel) methods, synovial fluid analysis and microbiological examination of punctures, including intraoperative ones, were used. The ICM and EBJIS (European Bone and Joint Infections Society) consensus recommendations were used as criteria for assessing the presence of infection. Results. The average age of patients at the time of the revision was 61.7 years. The hip joint prevailed (59.4%), knee joint 40.6%. The growth of microorganisms in the intraoperative biomaterial was detected in 2.08% of observations: in 10 out of 287 patients after aseptic revision of the hip joints and in none of the 198 revisions of the knee joints. In 8 out of 10 cases, the causative agents were coagulase-negative staphylococci, including 6 MRSE; in two cases, anaerobic bacteria. All revisions were carried out by a one-stage method. Patients with detected PPI underwent systemic antibacterial therapy. At the stage of catamnesis, reinfection was assumed in one of the 10 identified cases of PPI, the patient did not show up for revision. In control 63% of the group of the other (aseptic) 470 patients, PPI developed in 4 cases, two-stage revisions were carried out. Conclusions. The frequency of infections accidentally detected during aseptic revisions of large joints was 2.08%. Three-time examination of joint punctures, including intraoperative, provides additional opportunities for the diagnosis of PPI during aseptic revision, and also allows you to choose the optimal stage of revision treatment. The experience gained makes it possible in certain cases to perform one-stage revision in the treatment of PPI.Актуальность. Данные мировых регистров артропластики суставов показали, что около 12% эндопротезов тазобедренного и коленного суставов подвергаются ревизионным вмешательствам в течение 10 лет после первичной операции. Лидирующая причина ревизий тазобедренного сустава асептическое расшатывание компонентов, коленного перипротезная инфекция (ППИ). Часть инфекционных осложнений, в т.ч. связанных с механическими причинами, остается вне поля зрения врачей. Целью работы является выявление частоты неожиданных инфекций при ревизионном эндопротезировании коленных и тазобедренных суставов, выполненном по поводу асептических осложнений любой этиологии. Материал и методы. Проанализировано 839 случаев ревизионного эндопротезирования коленного (КС) и тазобедренного (ТБС) суставов, в том числе 485 асептических ревизий у 450 пациентов. Применялись клинический, рентгенологический, лабораторный (общий и биохимический анализы крови, коагулограмма) методы, анализ синовиальной жидкости и микробиологическое исследование пунктатов, в т.ч. интраоперационных. В качестве критериев оценки наличия инфекции использовали рекомендации консенсуса ICM и EBJIS (Европейского общества по инфекциям костей и суставов). Результаты. Средний возраст пациентов на момент ревизии составил 61,7 года. На ТБС выполнено 59,4% ревизионных операций, на КС 40,6%. Рост микроорганизмов в интраоперационном биоматериале обнаружен в 2,08% наблюдений: у 10 из 287 пациентов после асептической ревизии тазобедренных суставов и ни в одном случае из 198 ревизий коленных суставов. В 8 из 10 случаев возбудителями были коагулазо-негативные стафилококки, в том числе в 6 MRSE; в двух случаях анаэробные бактерии. Все ревизии проведены одноэтапным методом. Пациентам с обнаруженной ППИ проведена системная антибактериальная терапия. На этапе катамнеза в одном из 10 выявленных случаев ППИ предполагалась реинфекция, пациент на ревизию не явился. При контроле 63% из группы остальных (асептических) 470 пациентов в 4 случаях развилась ППИ , проведены двухэтапные ревизии. Заключение. Частота инфекций, случайно обнаруженных при асептических ревизиях крупных суставов, составила в 2,08%. Трехкратное исследование пунктатов сустава, в т.ч. интраоперационных, предоставляет дополнительные возможности диагностики ППИ при асептической ревизии, а также позволяет избрать оптимальную этапность ревизионного лечения. Полученный опыт позволяет в определенных случаях при лечении ППИ выполнять одноэтапное реэндопротезирование

Electric Discharge Plasmochemical Synthesis of Carbon Nanomaterials

High-energy electric discharge technologies (electric breakdown and HF volume discharge in organic media) for a large scale synthesis of amorphous carbon (AC) are developed. A destruction of hydrocarbon molecules into separate fragments occurs during such processing of organic media, what results in AC formation in the process of ultra-fast cooling of the clusters. To investigate the influence of chemical nature of working media, organic liquids and gases from the class of arenes with sp2-hybridisation of carbon atoms in molecule and alkanes with sp3-hybridisation were used. Performed XRD, HRTEM and Raman studies showed that produced powders are typical amorphous materials with significant degree of disorder. But only in the case of electric breakdown of alkanes, carbon nanomaterials with complex core-shell structure were discovered. Individual particles of onion-like carbon (OLC) consist of ~ 5 nm core surrounded by graphitic shell of 5-6 layers. Synthesized OLC is used as antifriction additives to industrial oils and as material for electromagnetic waves shielding. The statistical analysis of the atomic structure of the synthesized materials using reverse Monte Carlo and Voronoi-Delaunay methods was performed. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/3509

Intellectual colonialism and national education systems

The concept of intellectual colonialism has recently attracted much attention. Initially, it arose on the basis of a rethinking of the educational processes in the former African colonies of Britain, France, etc. and then acquired a new meaning as a new form of colonization without involving seizure of territories. Further globalization processes accelerated development of this phenomenon and expanded its worldwide influence. Colonial subordination tactics may take various forms. In African countries lacking a well-developed national system of education, intellectual colonialism functions through the introduction of education in the language of the former colonizers of this country. In Eastern Europe, Russia, which have been historically characterized by highly-developed education systems, the effect of intellectual colonialism is manifested in the destruction of these national systems and their subordination to a unified global system rooted in the culture and principles of particular countries (primarily the USA and the UK, which hold leading ranking positions and concentrate financial flows). In countries with a highly-developed economy and stable policy, such as Japan, intellectual colonialism undermines the authority of national education systems through the advancement of world rankings. © 2018, Slovenska Vzdelavacia Obstaravacia. All rights reserved

Intellectual colonialism and national education systems

The concept of intellectual colonialism has recently attracted much attention. Initially, it arose on the basis of a rethinking of the educational processes in the former African colonies of Britain, France, etc. and then acquired a new meaning as a new form of colonization without involving seizure of territories. Further globalization processes accelerated development of this phenomenon and expanded its worldwide influence. Colonial subordination tactics may take various forms. In African countries lacking a well-developed national system of education, intellectual colonialism functions through the introduction of education in the language of the former colonizers of this country. In Eastern Europe, Russia, which have been historically characterized by highly-developed education systems, the effect of intellectual colonialism is manifested in the destruction of these national systems and their subordination to a unified global system rooted in the culture and principles of particular countries (primarily the USA and the UK, which hold leading ranking positions and concentrate financial flows). In countries with a highly-developed economy and stable policy, such as Japan, intellectual colonialism undermines the authority of national education systems through the advancement of world rankings. © 2018, Slovenska Vzdelavacia Obstaravacia. All rights reserved

Increase of social impact due to the development of the renewable energy industry in Russia

The article is providing highlights on the development prospects of the renewable energy industry in Russia from the point of view of increasing the social impact on jobs creation. The branch of renewable energy is considered as one of the directions reducing unemployment in the regions of Russia. The peculiarities of the industry development in Russia, related to the existing regulatory and legal framework and the structure of the national electric power market, are singled out. As a result of the study, methodological approaches in assessing the social effect from the development of the renewable energy industry in Russia are formulated. Also a forecast of the number of created jobs is made, taking into account the implementation of projects in the wholesale and retail electric power markets and isolated power systems. The compiled statistical and expert data allow to develop scenarios for commissioning capacities in the industry. The proposed approaches and scenarios make it possible to estimate the number of created jobs regionally and analyze the impact of these places on the level of unemployment in the regions of Russia. Regions have been identified where the development of the renewable energy sector will have a significant positive social effect. Quantitative assessment of the social effects of the industry development can help to work out mechanisms of state support for renewable energy, for performing technical and economic calculations for projects and regional programs in the field of renewable resources and energy sources. The results can be used to formulate criteria for regional competitive selection, to formulate schemes for the territorial development of the electric power industry. © 2017, Econjournals. All rights reserved

Diversification of Russian oil and gas upstream companies

The quantitative assessment of the degree of company’s diversification as the basis of strategic planning becomes relevant in the context of instability of world oil prices. The largest companies of the oil and gas industry develop their strategies taking into account diversification of both activities and sales markets. The need for diversification is confirmed by the carried-on qualitative analysis of the activities of Russian and foreign companies in the oil and gas industry. The authors propose indicators of quantitative assessment of the degree of diversification, which can be applicable for companies of the energy sector: entropy index and indicator of geographical diversification. The study concluded that it is advisable to use the entropy indicator of diversification for strategic planning due to the need to optimize activities; focus on the production of high value-added products; relevance of risk reduction in case of instability of world energy prices volatility; strengthening the position of a multi-industry company. An indicator of geographic diversification may be used when there is a necessity of market control; access to new markets; strengthening positions in current markets. The practical application of the results of this study is possible in the field of strategic planning for oil and gas upstream companies. © 2020, Econjournals. All rights reserved

Increase of social impact due to the development of the renewable energy industry in Russia

The article is providing highlights on the development prospects of the renewable energy industry in Russia from the point of view of increasing the social impact on jobs creation. The branch of renewable energy is considered as one of the directions reducing unemployment in the regions of Russia. The peculiarities of the industry development in Russia, related to the existing regulatory and legal framework and the structure of the national electric power market, are singled out. As a result of the study, methodological approaches in assessing the social effect from the development of the renewable energy industry in Russia are formulated. Also a forecast of the number of created jobs is made, taking into account the implementation of projects in the wholesale and retail electric power markets and isolated power systems. The compiled statistical and expert data allow to develop scenarios for commissioning capacities in the industry. The proposed approaches and scenarios make it possible to estimate the number of created jobs regionally and analyze the impact of these places on the level of unemployment in the regions of Russia. Regions have been identified where the development of the renewable energy sector will have a significant positive social effect. Quantitative assessment of the social effects of the industry development can help to work out mechanisms of state support for renewable energy, for performing technical and economic calculations for projects and regional programs in the field of renewable resources and energy sources. The results can be used to formulate criteria for regional competitive selection, to formulate schemes for the territorial development of the electric power industry. © 2017, Econjournals. All rights reserved

Evaluation of gas industry competitiveness in the foreign market

The evaluation of the Russian oil and gas companies’ competitiveness in the foreign market under the tough market conditions is of particular importance as it is crucial to retain company’s current position and market share. The article makes qualitative and quantitative evaluation of Russian companies in the global gas market. To analyze the competitiveness of the gas industry company in the foreign market, the authors used a dynamic method of evaluating competitiveness coupled with a SWOT analysis. The dynamic evaluation method offers an opportunity to identify the basic factors that influenced the level of competitiveness of the entity under study and, accordingly, determine the main reserves for increasing its competitiveness. Based on the study conducted, recommendations were made on the increase in competitiveness in the current situation of unstable demand and volatile energy prices. By analyzing the PJSC Gazprom level of competitiveness, as well as its external and internal environment, indicators were identified the regulation of which will lead to the progressive development of the organization and increase in its competitiveness. The practical relevance of the study lies in the possibility to use both the research outcome and the proposed methods in a development strategy for the gas industry company. © 2020, Econjournals. All rights reserved

Evaluation of the gas industry company’s competitiveness in the domestic market

Quantification of a company’s competitiveness in the gas industry is necessary in order to find the possibility for that entity to maintain or increase its competitive advantage in the respective markets for goods and services. Therefore, the market opportunities of an economic entity are the result of the competitive advantages creation, the form, quantity, and quality of which determine the scope, nature and success of the entity’s activity in its market segment and the possibility of its expanding to new markets. The need to assess competitiveness is confirmed by the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the Russian companies’ activities in the oil and gas industry. The authors applied a dynamic method for assessing the competitiveness of a leading company in the Russian gas market. Based on the results of the study, it was concluded that it is advisable to use this method, because it makes it possible to identify the main factors that influenced the level of competitiveness of the investigated object. These factors, therefore, allows us to determine the main reserves for increasing the competitiveness of the analyzed enterprise. The practical application of this study finding is possible in the field of corporate governance and strategic planning for gas companies. © 2020, Econjournals. All rights reserved