Diagnosis diabetes on the basis of information extracted from the ECG signal using Artificial Neural Networks

Background and aims: Diabetes is known to be one of the most common diseases worldwide. Lack of an early and appropriate diagnosis is considered to be a main problem associated with diabetes. The aim of this study was to offer a novel approach to diagnose diabetes and, for the first time, investigates the correlation between ECG and diagnosis of diabetes using artificial neural network and data analysis algorithms. Methods: In this study, 8 patients with diabetes and 64 healthy subjects were enrolled. ECG was conducted on all the participants. The necessary data including age, HR, p, t, RR, PP, P, PR, qt, and qtcb were drawn from ECG and collected in database. To classify the patients, tentative neural networks and standard algorithms were used. The data were analyzed using data analysis algorithms and different approaches, and the results of each investigation were compared with reference to appropriate rate. Weka software was used for ranking. Results: The accuracy of detection of regulations-based algorithms and neural network, with better results in diabetes diagnosis, was higher than that of decision tree and interval-based algorithms. The best qualification rate (0.89) was obtained for ConsistencySubset Eval and QRS wave was reported the best choice in all algorithms. Investigating the data on people with and without diabetes using tentative neural networks showed an appropriate rate of 95%. Furthermore, KNN algorithm displayed the lowest time complexity. Conclusion: Regulations-based model displayed the highest accuracy compared with all classification algorithms for data analysis used in the study

Preliminary report on the cairn tombs of Kuik & Qaleh Bahadori in the Zahāb Plain, Kermānshāh

The Zahāb Plain is always one of the noteworthy and considerable areas in archeological studies in west of Iran. The presence of numerous ancient mounds related to the prehistoric times up to the Islamic periods and also identification of cultural re ma ins of diffe rent periods indicate importance of this region well. Also environmental and strategic condition of the plain in order to connect to Mesopotamia is another reason of this significance. Background studies of Zahāb region dates back to the first half of the nineteenth century. At that time in his journey from Zahāb to Khuzestān, Rawlinson released noteworthy information about the region. After that, several studies and activities were done by archaeologists and researchers with regard to this region; however those studies had been more focused on the historical periods. In 1968 and 1970 some archaeological surveys were conducted by Ali Akbar Sarfaraz and Saeed Gan javi, respectively. Afterwards, in 2007 during the archaeological survey directed by Shahin Kermajani, many archaeological sites were identified, which had been attributed to the prehistoric, historic and Isla mic periods. Following local reports of Qaleh Bahadori village about the presence of ancient cemeteries in the region, in 2015 the preliminary research carried out with the aim of identifying and introducing these cairn tombs in two villages of Dasht-e Zahāb rural d istrict, which have not been discussed heretofore. Due to the pro ximity of ce meteries to the village and co mmute of peasants, shepherds and nomads in these ways, the tombs were also visited by the authors; However the lack of knowledge and confidence about the security of some areas in Sarpol-e Zahāb–where is still a mine-polluted region due to the Iran-Iraq imposed war –resulted in putting off the identification and research on those area to the futur

Hardware Implementation of Iterative Projection-Aggregation Decoding of Reed-Muller Codes

In this work, we present a simplification and a corresponding hardware architecture for hard-decision recursive projection-aggregation (RPA) decoding of Reed-Muller (RM) codes. In particular, we transform the recursive structure of RPA decoding into a simpler and iterative structure with minimal error-correction degradation. Our simulation results for RM(7,3) show that the proposed simplification has a small error-correcting performance degradation (0.005 in terms of channel crossover probability) while reducing the average number of computations by up to 40%. In addition, we describe the first fully parallel hardware architecture for simplified RPA decoding. We present FPGA implementation results for an RM(6,3) code on a Xilinx Virtex-7 FPGA showing that our proposed architecture achieves a throughput of 171 Mbps at a frequency of 80 MHz

Multi-Factor Pruning for Recursive Projection-Aggregation Decoding of RM Codes

The recently introduced recursive projection aggregation (RPA) decoding method for Reed-Muller (RM) codes can achieve near-maximum likelihood (ML) decoding performance. However, its high computational complexity makes its implementation challenging for time- and resource-critical applications. In this work, we present a complexity reduction technique called multi-factor pruning that reduces the computational complexity of RPA significantly. Our simulation results show that the proposed pruning approach with appropriately selected factors can reduce the complexity of RPA by up to $92\%$ for $\text{RM}(8,3)$ while keeping the comparable error-correcting performance

Pipelined Architecture for Soft-decision Iterative Projection Aggregation Decoding for RM Codes

The recently proposed recursive projection-aggregation (RPA) decoding algorithm for Reed-Muller codes has received significant attention as it provides near-ML decoding performance at reasonable complexity for short codes. However, its complicated structure makes it unsuitable for hardware implementation. Iterative projection-aggregation (IPA) decoding is a modified version of RPA decoding that simplifies the hardware implementation. In this work, we present a flexible hardware architecture for the IPA decoder that can be configured from fully-sequential to fully-parallel, thus making it suitable for a wide range of applications with different constraints and resource budgets. Our simulation and implementation results show that the IPA decoder has 41% lower area consumption, 44% lower latency, four times higher throughput, but currently seven times higher power consumption for a code with block length of 128 and information length of 29 compared to a state-of-the-art polar successive cancellation list (SCL) decoder with comparable decoding performance

Presenting a Model and Explaining Ways to Reduce Gender Inequality in Iran’s Sports Management

The purpose of this research is to present a model to explain the ways to reduce gender inequality in Iran's sports management. Philosophically, this research is interpretationist and from the point of view of inductive approach. In terms of strategy, this study is a data base theory type and a qualitative research type. The data was obtained through interviews, and the statistical community consists of 15 experts in the field of sports management. The snowball method was used for sampling and the sampling continued until the theoretical saturation limit was reached. To collect information, a semi-structured interview was used, and in order to analyze the data, three overlapping processes of open coding, axial coding and theoretical coding were used. By considering the text of all the interviews in the open coding stage, 303 concepts were identified, and after combining similar codes, 23 concepts were obtained. Then, in the axial coding phase, ten main categories were determined. The results showed that the selection criteria for management positions in sports organizations are not fair due to cultural and individual reasons. It is suggested that the selection criteria be such that both hierarchy is considered and starting from the middle level; As a result, the laws should be adjusted in such a way that the presence of women in social and cultural fields, including sports activities, becomes more prominent and the selection of women is based on meritocracy and specialization

The role of interaction-based effects on fatal accidents using logic regression

Background and Objectives: Road traffic accidents (RTAs) were estimated to be the eighth major cause of death worldwide in 2016. Investigation of various factors alone can distort the results. Thus, it is important to consider interactions among the various factors associated with RTAs. Logic regression was used to investigate the important combinations among traffic accident variables. Methods: In this analytical study, the existing 1-year data from the police accident database in 2014 were examined. The Legal Medicine Organization database was also used to correct death after 30 days. Logic regression, a generalized regression model, was used to explore the interactions among different factors of the accident. Results: Cross-validation results showed the best model in the form of three trees and eight leaves. Being a professional driver and exposure to a heavy vehicle on sandy or earthy road double the chance of death. Operating an unsafe car on a road with curve increases the odds of a fatal crash by 1.65 times. Driver error on a nonresidential road without any shoulders adds 90 to the odds of having a deadly crash. Conclusions: The significance of the interactions between the road and driver factors shows that roads with poor design can cause a driver to make mistakes and increase fatal accidents. Therefore, politicians must consider constructing structures alongside nonresidential roads and proper shoulders, install signs at curves, and repair pavement in order to reduce the fatality of accidents. It is also recommended that manufacturers of commercial vehicles install proper safeguards in all heavy vehicles to reduce fatal accidents

Burden of sexually transmitted infections in Iran from 1990 to 2010: Results from the global burden of disease study 2010

The present study describes the epidemiological status of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in Iran based on the Global Burden of Disease study 2010 (the GBD 2010), and compares this with those of other neighboring countries. Methods: The burden of STIs from 1990 to 2010 in Iran was derived from a systematic study, namely the GBD 2010, which was conducted by the Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation (IHME). Using a model-based estimation, Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) were calculated on the basis of the prevalence of STIs. The GBD 2010 used disability weights, and a mortality rate that was obtained from the vital registration system of Iran. We review the results of the GBD 2010 estimations for STIs in Iran. Results: The trend of DALYs attributable to STIs (107. 3 and 26. 47 per 100, 000 people in 1990 and 2010, respectively) and deaths (1. 13 and 0. 12 per 100, 000 people in 1990 and 2010, respectively) decreased dramatically in Iran during the last two decades. The majority of individuals affected by STI DALYs were aged 1-4 and 20-24 years. Conclusion: Since the majority of DALYs attributed to STIs were observed among those aged 1-4 years and young people, the economic burden of STIs will remain high in Iran. Therefore, effective evidence-based planning is critical to allocate the essential budget for utilizing treatment and prevention approaches

Comparison of the Effect of Oestrogen Plus Foeniculum vulgare Seed and Oestrogen alone on Increase in Endometrial Thickness in Infertile Women

Introduction: Foeniculum vulgare seed is used to treat infertility because of phytoestrogenic properties. Aim: The present study was conducted to compare the effects of F. vulgare plus oestrogen and oestrogen alone on Endometrial Thickness (ET) in infertile women. Materials and Methods: In this study, 92 people with infertility were enrolled by convenience sampling and randomly divided into case (45 women) and control (47 women) groups. Both groups were administered with oestradiol valerate 2 mg tablet three times a day since the third day of the menstrual cycle. Treatment group was also administered with F. vulgare tea on a daily basis. Then, ultrasound was conducted once every three days to determine ED. Other data such as serum beta-hCG level and increase in oestrogen dose were recorded in a checklist. The data were analysed by independent t-test and Chi-square in SPSS version 17.0. Results: There were no significant differences in mean age, BMI, number of years of infertility, number of children, cause of infertility, positive beta-hCG, failure to achieve adequate endometrial thickness, and increase in oestradiol dose between the treatment and control groups (p>0.05). The mean number of days to achieve ET of at least 8 mm was 13.1 +/- 3.2 in the treatment group and 14.2 +/- 3.5 in the control group with no significant difference (p>0.05). Conclusion: F. vulgare seed tea was not significantly effective in increasing the ET as compared to oestradiol valerate 6 mg alone