Domestication in aquaculture fishes - elucidating the genetic consequences in Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Maria Nayfa investigated the effects of domestication on the Abassa Strain of Nile tilapia. She found that despite high error rates in pedigree records, the Abassa Strain is salvageable, and production enhanced. WorldFish is using the results of her study to improve management of the Abassa Strain and plan dissemination efforts for the line in Egypt

A relevância da ilustração na tradução : em busca de ampliar a compreensão do leitor

Trabalho de conclusão de curso (graduação)—Universidade de Brasília, Instituto de Letras, Departamento de Línguas Estrangeiras e Tradução, Curso de Letras: Língua e Literatura Japonesa, 2016.O presente trabalho investiga o efeito cognitivo produzido pela ilustração dentro do ambiente da tradução. O objetivo é identificar, se e como, esta afeta a compreensão de elementos culturais. O tema é justificado pela intraduzibilidade cultural em casos onde não há equivalência linguística. O intuito desta pesquisa é de contribuir para acrescentar alternativas para as formas como o tradutor transmite a cultura do outro. Esta tem natureza tanto quantitativa quanto qualitativa de modo a garantir dados fiéis. São 20 participantes ao todo, próximos do procurado para esta pesquisa, o instrumento de coleta de dados utilizado foi o questionário configurado pelo formulário virtual, de modo a permitir flexibilidade de tempo ao participante. Os dados sugerem que a ilustração é capaz de produzir efeitos cognitivos e reduzir o esforço para compreensão. Com a globalização do mundo, mesmo sem contato direto com a língua e com a cultura do outro, é possível adquirir conhecimento cultural acerca de outras culturas, assim, variando seu efeito de individuo para individuo.The present work investigates the cognitive effect produced by illustration in translation. The purpose is to identify, if and how, illustration affects comprehension of cultural elements. The theme is justified by cultural untranslatability when there is no linguistic equivalence. This research aimed to contribute to add alternatives to the ways in which the translator conveys the culture of the other. This has qualitative and quantitative approach to ensure faithful data. There are 20 participants in all, close to sought for this research, the data collection instrument used was a questionnaire configured by the webform, to provide time flexibility to the participant. The data collected suggest that the illustration plays the role to produce cognitive effect and reduce efforts to comprehension. With the globalization of the world, even without direct contact with the language and culture of other, it is possible to acquire cultural knowledge about other cultures, thus cognitive effect varies from individual to individual

Comparing genomic signatures of selection between the Abbassa Strain and eight wild populations of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in Egypt

Domestication to captive rearing conditions, along with targeted selective breeding have genetic consequences that vary from those in wild environments. Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) is one of the most translocated and farmed aquaculture species globally, farmed throughout Asia, North and South America, and its African native range. In Egypt, a breeding program established the Abbassa Strain of Nile tilapia (AS) in 2002 based on local broodstock sourced from the Nile River. The AS has been intensively selected for growth and has gone through genetic bottlenecks which have likely shifted levels and composition of genetic diversity within the strain. Consequently, there are questions on the possible genetic impact AS escapees may have on endemic populations of Nile tilapia. However, to date there have been no genetic studies comparing genetic changes in the domesticated AS to local wild populations. This study used 9,827 genome-wide SNPs to investigate population genetic structure and signatures of selection in the AS (generations 9–11) and eight wild Nile tilapia populations from Egypt. SNP analyses identified two major genetic clusters (captive and wild populations), with wild populations showing evidence of isolation-by-distance among the Nile Delta and upstream riverine populations. Between genetic clusters, approximately 6.9% of SNPs were identified as outliers with outliers identified on all 22 O. niloticus chromosomes. A lack of localized outlier clustering on the genome suggests that no genes of major effect were presently detected. The AS has retained high levels of genetic diversity (Ho_All = 0.21 ± 0.01; He_All = 0.23 ± 0.01) when compared to wild populations (Ho_All = 0.18 ± 0.01; He_All = 0.17 ± 0.01) after 11 years of domestication and selective breeding. Additionally, 565 SNPs were unique within the AS line. While these private SNPs may be due to domestication signals or founder effects, it is suspected that introgression with blue tilapia (Oreochromis aureus) has occurred. This study highlights the importance of understanding the effects of domestication in addition to wild population structure to inform future management and dissemination decisions. Furthermore, by conducting a baseline genetic study of wild populations prior to the dissemination of a domestic line, the effects of aquaculture on these populations can be monitored over time

Monetary exchanges and social capital in the tenth century Byzantine court

The tenth-century Book of Ceremonies (De Ceremoniis), compiled during the sole rule of Emperor Constantine VII Porphyrogennetos (r. 945-959) and in the years after his death, has long been a source of interest for Byzantinists, who have used the wealth of information contained in the text to reconstruct the layout of the Great Palace and the lost cityscape of Byzantine Constantinople, as well as gain insights into court ceremonies, warfare, etc. Due to its unique compilation of antiquarian and contemporary ceremonies, the source also offers a range of opportunities for understanding the evolution of court protocol. By contrast, my thesis takes a new approach, and explores the treatise’s socioeconomic aspects. In order to do so, my research analyses the financial transactions recorded in De Ceremoniis, which when measured alongside each other can be interpreted as a financial ledger. While a range of payments are discussed in the text, the most significant are the investiture fees provided by dignitaries at the time of their appointment, and conversely the payments made to dignitaries at the yearly rogai (salary) distributions. This thesis incorporates a two part approach. The first part aims to reconstruct the tenth century court with regards to its overall size and title distribution. Meanwhile, the second part explores the flow of elite social and monetary capital not only through the court, but also the provinces from which dignitaries originated. While reconstructing the court or examining the financial details of De Ceremoniis are both interesting in their own right, the true significance of this project is realized when the two are examined alongside each other. Chapter 1 reconstructs the court via an extensive prosopographical analysis of nearly 4,000 dignitaries attested in either the literary or sigillographic record. Using this prosopography alongside Philotheos’ Kletorologion, the Taktikon Beneševič, and the Taktikon Escurial, we recreate what I term the ‘title stratigraphy’ of the court, tracing career trajectories in terms of dignitary promotions, correlated offices, and additional distinctions along the way. The second part of this chapter builds on the previous scholarship of Kazhdan and McCormick in calculating the overall size of the court. While their studies only considered the dignitaries who resided in Constantinople, my expanded definition of the court also includes provincial dignitaries who purchased imperial titles but did not participate in its daily activities. For this reason, my model uses the annual rogai distributions as its foundation for calculating the size of the court, since this was the only ceremony at which all dignitaries were expected to attend. Inspired by the anecdote of Ktenas and Liudprand’s description of the rogai distributions of 950, Chapter 2 focuses on the personal finances of the individual dignitary. It does so by measuring returns of both financial and social capital. Contained within the chapters of De Ceremoniis is a plethora of information regarding fees which were required to be paid to the state or outlaid to a range of officials and other individuals associated with the palatine establishment at the time of a dignitary’s investiture. Conversely the text also contains information on a range of payments to be made to dignitaries by the state throughout the year, foremost among them the yearly rogai. By measuring the expected yearly income of a dignitary against his initial investiture fees, we are able to calculate average return on investments that each class of dignitaries could have expected to receive. Thus, this allows us to determine which class of dignitaries could have expected to profit financially versus those who experienced a financial loss. As I argue in this chapter, a clear line is drawn between the dignities of patrikios and protospatharios. Every dignitary above this line stood to profit from their investment, while the dignitaries below this line appear to have invested into the court for its associated social capital. Chapter 3 focuses on the macroeconomic trends of the court, exploring who the primary profiteers were in this financial relationship between dignitaries and the court. By incorporating the individual return rates calculated in Chapter 2 alongside the title stratigraphy identified in Chapter 1, I measure the court’s self-sustainability rates (i.e. the rate by which the state was able to use investiture fees to offset rogai expenses). Two models are presented. The first incorporates only investiture fees provided directly to the treasury to be used for the purpose of yearly rogai, while the second model also incorporates a series of outlays made to a range of officials and other individuals associated with the palatine establishment, salaries which would have otherwise been provisioned by the state. In the process, I explore the notion of whether a “service based economy” may have existed, in which dignitaries directly paid for the services of those who assisted with the daily activities and ceremonies performed at court. Chapter 4 continues our discussion of the macroeconomic impacts of the court’s finances and elite funds more broadly defined. The first part extends our argument for dignitaries directly paying for the services provided to them at court, but this time explores the impact of dignitary funds on the lower orders of the palatine establishment. Using De Cer II, 55 as its primary case study, it explores the diffusion of the purse provided by the patrikios to the praipositoi at the time of his investiture. The second part of this chapter discusses socioeconomic spheres of influence and the positive feedback loop, which redistributed funds from the lesser elite (single generation dignitaries) to the power elite (generational holders of the court’s highest dignities and offices). My thesis concludes that two separate experiences existed at the court, one for the empire’s power elite and one for its lesser elite. I argue that while the power elite were able to retain generational monopolies on the court’s highest offices and dignities, profiting greatly from their vast rogai that Liudprand so vividly describes, the experience for the lesser elite was far different. Comprising approximately 80% of the court, individuals holding the dignities of protospatharios (senatorial elite) and below (lesser elite) served as the source of liquidity for the high salaries of the power elite (patrikios and above). By exchanging their accumulated wealth for perceived social capital, these single generation dignitaries of the lesser elite were able to provide the necessary funds for the state to appease the empire’s most powerful families without having to deplete the reserves of the imperial treasury

Racial and Gender Differences in Perceptions of Illicit Use of Prescription Stimulants

Racial/ethnic differences underlying the illicit use of prescription stimulants (IUPS) were examined. A 2 X 2 (African American/Caucasian and male/female) design with n = 120 per group (mean age of 19.23, SD = 1.30) was used to evaluate survey responses regarding IUPS and their ADHD symptoms (using the Adult ADHD Self-Report Scale; ASRS). First, African Americans endorsed IUPS less frequently (p \u3c .001) and reported lower levels of ADHD symptoms (p \u3c .01). Second, participants rated three domains of risk for IUPS. African Americans perceived higher social risk (p \u3c .001). No significant differences were found for legal or health risks. Third, African Americans perceived lower benefits for IUPS for concentration (p \u3c .001), alertness (p \u3c .001), and help with studying (p \u3c .001). Minor gender differences are discussed and implications for targeting risk/benefit beliefs in IUPS prevention and treatment programs are discussed

Perceived close friend and parent disapproval/approval of illicit use of prescription stimulants

Illicit use of prescription stimulants (IUPS) has become more common in the late adolescent and emerging adulthood populations. This study examined the impact of close friend and parent disapproval/approval on IUPS in college students. A sample of 903 college students (MAge = 19.23) completed a questionnaire assessing variables including lifetime IUPS (14.59% of sample), and perceived close friend/parent disapproval/approval of either academic or recreational IUPS. A 2 X 2 chi-square test of independence was used to analyze data regarding perceived close friend/parent disapproval/approval and IUPS. There were four primary findings. First, students were significantly less likely to report having engaged in IUPS if they perceived close friend (ï£2 (1) = 55.99, p \u3c .001) or parent disapproval (ï£2 (1) = 31.99, p \u3c .001) of IUPS for academic purposes. Second, students were significantly less likely to report having engaged in IUPS if they perceived close friend disapproval of IUPS for recreational purposes (ï£2 (1) = 24.38, p \u3c .001). Third, students were significantly more likely to report having engaged in IUPS if they perceived close friend approval (ï£2 (1) = 51.17, p \u3c .001) and parent approval (ï£2 (1) = 7.87, p = .005) for academically-motivated IUPS. Fourth, students were significantly more likely to report having engaged in IUPS if they perceived close friend approval for recreationally-motivated IUPS (ï£2 (1) = 33.86, p \u3c .001). Future researchers should focus on conducting longitudinal studies to confirm if perceived close friend and parent approval function as risk factors for IUPS and if disapproval functions as a protective factor. Future research is also needed to help identify whether student perceptions of disapproval and approval are accurate (i.e., do close friendsand parents really approve or disapprove of IUPS?). Finally, investigators should work to assess whether increased perceptions of disapproval can function to reduce level of IUPS (i.e., not just liftetime prevalence) and whether increases in perceived approval function to exacerbate IUPS. Results of these kinds of research efforts would better inform whether psychoeducational interventions should target decreasing approval and increasing disapproval perceptions in order to both prevent and reduce IUPS behaviors

Unravelling the effects of gene flow and selection in highly connected populations of the silver-lip pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima)

Many marine organisms often display weak levels of population genetic structuring as a result of both environmental characteristics (e.g., ocean currents) and life history traits (e.g., widely dispersed planktonic larval stages) maintaining high levels of gene flow. This can lead to the assumption that these organisms can be managed as a single stock based on high levels of population connectivity. However, this neglects to account for other micro-evolutionary forces such as selection, which also shape these populations. This study utilizes 1130 genome-wide SNP loci to unravel the effects of gene flow and selection shaping three highly connected populations of the silver-lip pearl oyster (Pinctada maxima) in the ecologically and economically important Indo-Pacific region (Aru, Bali, and West Papua). Twenty-two loci under directional selection were identified amongst the populations, providing further supporting evidence of strong local adaptation (i.e., G × E effects) among populations in this region. Global F(st) values for directional outliers (0.348) were up to eight times greater than for neutral markers (0.043). Pairwise F(st) comparisons between Aru and Bali revealed the largest directional differences (0.488), while Bali and West Papua had the least (0.062). Unrooted neighbour-joining (NJ) distance trees and genetic diversity indices of directional outliers revealed that individuals from Bali and West Papua had reduced allelic variation (MAF(avg) = 0.144, H(o) = 0.238 and MAF(avg) = 0.232, H(o) = 0.369, respectively) compared to Aru (MAF(avg) = 0.292, H(o) = 0.412). This indicates that directional selection is most likely acting upon genetic variation within the Bali and West Papua populations. NJ distance trees, discriminant analysis of principal components, and F(st) analyses of directional outliers revealed two divergent groups ("Bali/West Papua"; "Aru") that had previously gone unrecognized. This study not only illustrates that relatively strong local adaptive forces are occurring despite high gene flow, but identifies the populations that are most likely experiencing selection. Additionally, this study highlights the need to understand all micro-evolutionary forces acting on populations when resolving stock structure

Abbassa Tilapia breeding program

WorldFish Genetics Workshop 2022 - ppt presentation about the Tilapia breeding program in Abbassa

As Percepções da Equipe de Enfermagem durante o Processo de Morte do Paciente Hospitalizado

Introdução: A morte não é somente um evento biológico natural einevitável da vida humana, mas um processo socialmente construído,que, em decorrência disso, assumiu diversas representações coletivasnas sociedades ocidentais ao longo da história

Towards the performance development of private and community health sector employees in northern West Bank provinces from the perspective of knowledge management

هدفت الدراسة التعرف إل عملية تطوير أداء موظفي القطا الصحي الخاص واألهلي في محافظات شمال الضفة الغربية، من منظور إدارة المعرفة، كما هدفت أيضاً إل تحديد أثر كل من متغي ارت الجنس والعمر والمؤهل العلمي والمسم الوظيفي وسنوات الخبرة والدورات التدريبية والمهنة عل واقا إدارة المعرفة، وتطوير أداء العاملين في القطا الصحي الخاص واألهلي في محافظات شمال الضفة الغربية. ولتحقي أهداف الدراسة قامت الباحثة بتطوير استبانة لقياس إدارة المعرفة وتطوير أداء موظفي القطا الصحي الخاص واألهلي، وتكونت اتستبانة من ثالثة أجزاء، تضمن الجزء األول بيانات أولية عن المبحوثين تمثلت في الجنس، والعمر، والمؤهل العلمي، والمسم الوظيفي، وسنوات الخبرة، والدورات التدريبية، والمهنة، أما الجزء الثاني فتكون من )56 )فقرة تقيس واقا إدارة المعرفة، وتطوير األداء في مجاتت )تشخيص المعرفة، واكتسابها، وتوليدها، وخزنها، وتوزيعها، وتطبيقها، وسرعة األداء، وحجمه، وجودته، ودقته(. أما الجزء الثالث فهو سؤال مفتوح اإلجابة عن مقترحات تطوير أداء العاملين من منظور إدارة المعرفة. زعت اتستبانة عل عينة طبقية عشوانية من ُ وو مجتما الدراسة بلغ حجمها )752 )موظفاً في القطا الصحي الخاص.وتم تحليل البيانات باستخدام برنامج التحليل اإلحصاني SPSS. أظهرت النتانج إل أن ّ الدرجة الكلية لواقا إدارة المعرفة جاءت بدرجة متوسطة في القطا الصحي الخاص واألهلي في محافظات شمال الضفة الغربية،كما الدرجة الكلية لواقا تطوير أداء إن العاملين جاءت بدرجة مرتفعة، و وجود عالقة إيجابية دالة بين تطوير أداء العاملين وبين مجاتت إدارة المعرفة )عملية تشخيص المعرفة وتخزينها وتوزيعها(. كما تبين عدم وجود فرو ذات دتلة إحصانية في متوسطات إجابات المبحوثين من حيث واقا إدارة المعرفة وتطوير أداء العاملين في القطا الصحي الخاص واألهلي في محافظات شمال الضفة الغربية، تعزى لمتغيرات الجنس، والعمر، والمسم الوظيفي، والدورات التدريبية، ومن حيث واقا إدارة المعرفة تعزى للمؤهل العلمي وسنوات الخبرة والمهنة. ه أما بالنسبة ألداء العاملين وجد فرو ذات دتلة إحصانية في متوسطات إجابات المبحوثين من حيث تطوير أداء العاملين في القطا الصحي الخاص واألهلي في محافظات شمال الضفة الغربية تعزى لمتغير المؤهل العلمي، ولصالح البكالوريوس، ووجود فرو تعزى لمتغير سنوات الخبرة ولصالح أكثر من 01 سنة، وفرو تعزى لمتغير المهنة ولصالح نانب المدير. تناولت مقترحات العاملين لتطوير األداء من منظور إدارة المعرفة جوانب متنوعة، منها تنظيم العمل اج ارء الدو ارت التعليمية، للوقوف عل آخر المستجدات والمعارف في عل برمجيات الحاسوب، و مجاتت العمل بالقطا الصحي المختلف، وزيادة الدورات والتدريبات للكوادر الصحية؛ لتطوير آلية رفا األداء للكوادر الطبية المختلفة في جميا المجاتت. وبناءا عل نتانج الدراسة، فقد أوصت الباحثة باتهتمام بشكل أكبر في إدارة المعرفة، وخاصة من اإلدارة العليا داخل القطا الصحي الخاص واألهلي، و العمل عل تخصيص قسم خاص بهدارة المعرفة ضمن الهيكلية التنظيمية للمؤسسة، وبشكل رسمي مما يساعد عل اتهتمام بشكل أكبر بعمليات إدارة المعرفة، و توفر وسانل لحفظ المعرفة واستدعانها بسهولة والعمل، عل تدريب الموظفين من أجل حفظ المعرفة وسهولة استدعانها مرة أخرى.Abstract The study aimed to identify the process of the performance development of the staff of the private and community health sector in the northern West Bank from the perspective of knowledge management, it also aimed to determine the impact of each of the variables of gender, age, educational qualification, job title and years of experience, training courses and the profession on the reality of knowledge management and the performance development of employees in the private and community health sector in the northern provinces of the West Bank. To achieve the objectives of the study, the researcher developed a questionnaire to measure knowledge management and the performance development of the staff of the private and community health sector. It was formed of three parts, the first one included preliminary data from the respondents as the gender, age, academic qualification, job title, years of experience, training courses, and occupation. The second part consisted of (65) items which aimed to measure the reality of knowledge management and performance development in the areas of (diagnosis, acquisition, generation, storage, distribution and application of knowledge, speed, size, quality and accuracy of performance). The third part is an open question to respond to proposals for the development of the performance of employees from the perspective of knowledge management. The questionnaire was distributed to a stratified random sample of the study population with size of (267) employees in the private and community health sector. For data analysis, the statistical package of social science “SPSS” was used. The total score of the reality of knowledge management had a high degree in the private and community health sector in the provinces of the northern West Bank. The total score employees was very high.The existence of a positive relationship between the development of performance of employees and the areas of knowledge management (knowledge diagnosis, storage and distribution). There is no statistically significant differences in the means of respondents answers in terms of the reality of knowledge management and development of the performance of employees in the private health sector and community in the northern West Bank due to the variables of gender, age, job title and training courses. Also there is no statistically significant differences in their responses in terms of the reality of knowledge management in the private and community health sector in the provinces of North West Bank to the variables of academic qualification and years of experience and profession. The existence of statistically significant differences in the means of answers of respondents in terms of the performance development of employees in the private and community health sector in the northern West Bank due to the variable of academic qualification and for bachelor's, and the existence of differences attributable to the variable of years of experience and for more than 15 years, and the differences attributed to the profession and in favor of Deputy the Director. The employees’ proposals to enhance the performance from the perspective of knowledge management had various aspects as organizing the work on all software in all divisions, conducting courses for standing on the latest developments and knowledge in the areas of health sector and increase the different courses and training for health personnel to develop a mechanism for lifting the performance of the various medical cadres in all fields. In light of the study’ results of the study, the researcher recommends recommendations as paying more attention to knowledge management, especially from senior management within the private and community health sector, working on a special section of the allocation of knowledge management within the organizational structure of the institution officially, which helps to pay more attention to knowledge management operations and providing the means to save the knowledge and summoned easily and work on staff training in order to save the knowledge and the ease of being called again